協(xié)商民主論文協(xié)商民主 中國(guó)基層協(xié)商民主 建設(shè)

1、 協(xié)商民主論文：協(xié)商民主 中國(guó)基層協(xié)商民主 建設(shè)【中文摘要】興起于20世紀(jì)80年代的協(xié)商民主,是為了彌補(bǔ)自由民主制度中選舉制度的不足。它是自由平等的公民,以公共利益為共同的價(jià)值訴求,通過(guò)理性協(xié)商,達(dá)成共識(shí),以賦予立法和決策以合法性。中國(guó)基層協(xié)商民主是在共產(chǎn)黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下,人民群眾通過(guò)自由、平等、公開(kāi)的討論表達(dá)利益訴求,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)政治參與的民主形式;除了具備協(xié)商民主的一般特征,即包容性、理性、程序性、公開(kāi)性、平等性、共識(shí)性等外,中國(guó)基層協(xié)商民主還具備中國(guó)特色的特殊特征。改革開(kāi)放后中國(guó)基層社會(huì)的變化、建國(guó)后政治協(xié)商的基本政治制度以及我國(guó)基層民主可持續(xù)推進(jìn)的客觀要求,為協(xié)商民主在我國(guó)基層社會(huì)的發(fā)展奠定了基

2、礎(chǔ)。當(dāng)前,中國(guó)基層協(xié)商民主推進(jìn)中有很多實(shí)踐形式,并取得了重要成果,但也存在許多問(wèn)題:一些地區(qū)的民主協(xié)商流于形式、民主協(xié)商中存在非理性參與現(xiàn)象、弱勢(shì)群體協(xié)商參與不平等、利益驅(qū)動(dòng)的參與難以轉(zhuǎn)換為責(zé)任驅(qū)動(dòng)的參與、基層協(xié)商民主難以發(fā)揮政治經(jīng)濟(jì)作用。造成這些問(wèn)題的原因主要有:對(duì)協(xié)商的價(jià)值缺乏深刻認(rèn)識(shí),普通民眾的協(xié)商參與能力低下,對(duì)民主協(xié)商的過(guò)程和結(jié)果的最終實(shí)施缺乏監(jiān)督,對(duì)民主協(xié)商中的各種意見(jiàn)的評(píng)價(jià)難以設(shè)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。為此,在推進(jìn)我國(guó)基層協(xié)商民主的過(guò)程中,主要應(yīng)從三個(gè)方面著手:一是鞏固基層協(xié)商民主進(jìn)一步發(fā)展的社會(huì)基礎(chǔ);二是營(yíng)造良好政治文化環(huán)境,提高民眾的協(xié)商參與能力;三是探索建立適合國(guó)情的基層協(xié)商民主機(jī)制,實(shí)現(xiàn)

3、基層協(xié)商民主的制度化?！居⑽恼縍ise in 80 years of the 20th century, the Deliberative democracy was a complement to Electoral democracy. It means the free and equal citizens, under the common demands of public interest, through rational negotiation, to reach a consensus, in order to give legitimacy to legislation

4、 and decision-making. Chinese grassroots deliberative democracy is a kind of democracy form, it means people can express their demands through a free,equal and open discussion under the leadership of the Communist Party. In addition to the general features of deliberative democracy, that is inclusiv

5、e, rational, procedural, openness, equality, consensus and so on, Chinese grassroots deliberative democracy also has the special characteristics.Chinese grass-roots socials diversification after the Roform and Opening up, Chinese Political consultation system, and the objective requirement of grassr

6、oots democracys promotion laid the foundation of deliberative democracys developoment in Chinese grass-roots social. At present, Chinese grassroots deliberative democracy has many practical forms. These practices have achieved important results, but there are also many problems: democratic consultat

7、ion in some areas are just mere formality, there are irrational participations, vulnerable groupss participation is inequality, the motivation of participation is difficult to translate into liability from interest, grassroots deliberative democracy is difficult to play a effective role in the polit

8、ical and economic. There are many reasons: most people lack a profound understanding of the value of consultation, most ordinary people are poor in capacity to participate in consultation, there are no supervision of the process and the final resultsimplementation of the consultation, and there are

9、also no uniform evaluation criteria about consultation. In order to address these issues, we shoule start from three main aspects. First, consolidate the social basis of the Grassroots Deliberative Democracys further development; The second is to create a good political culture environment, and to i

10、mprove peoples capablity of consultation; The third, try to establish grassroots Deliberative democracy instituation that fit for China, in order to achieve the instituationalization.【關(guān)鍵詞】協(xié)商民主 中國(guó)基層協(xié)商民主 建設(shè)【英文關(guān)鍵詞】Deliberative Democracy Chinese Grassroots Deliberative Democracy Construction【目錄】中國(guó)基層協(xié)商民主

11、建設(shè)探析摘要4-5Abstract5第1章 引言8-141.1 研究背景及其意義8-91.2 國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀9-111.3 研究思路、方法和主要內(nèi)容11-121.4 可能的創(chuàng)新之處12-14第2章 中國(guó)協(xié)商民主理論概述14-232.1 中國(guó)協(xié)商民主的涵義14-162.1.1 協(xié)商的涵義142.1.2 中國(guó)基層協(xié)商民主的界定14-162.2 中國(guó)協(xié)商民主的特征16-182.2.1 一般特征16-172.2.2 中國(guó)協(xié)商民主的特征17-182.3 中國(guó)協(xié)商民主的理論淵源18-232.3.1 中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化和政治制度18-192.3.2 馬克思主義民主理論19-202.3.3 群眾觀點(diǎn)和群眾路線20-

12、212.3.4 統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)線和政治協(xié)商制度21-23第3章 協(xié)商民主在中國(guó)基層民主發(fā)展中的可行性分析23-303.1 改革開(kāi)放后中國(guó)基層社會(huì)的深刻變化23-253.2 我國(guó)的政治協(xié)商制度及其實(shí)踐25-263.3 中國(guó)基層民主建設(shè)的客觀要求和重要補(bǔ)充26-30第4章 中國(guó)基層協(xié)商民主實(shí)踐中存在的問(wèn)題及其原因30-434.1 中國(guó)基層協(xié)商民主的實(shí)踐形式30-354.1.1 村民和居民會(huì)議30-314.1.2 民主懇談會(huì)31-324.1.3 社區(qū)論壇32-334.1.4 公民評(píng)議會(huì)334.1.5 企業(yè)的協(xié)商民主實(shí)踐33-354.2 中國(guó)基層協(xié)商民主實(shí)踐中存在的問(wèn)題35-394.2.1 一些地區(qū)的民主協(xié)商

13、流于形式35-364.2.2 民主協(xié)商存在非理性參與現(xiàn)象364.2.3 弱勢(shì)群體協(xié)商參與不平等36-374.2.4 利益驅(qū)動(dòng)的參與難以轉(zhuǎn)化為責(zé)任驅(qū)動(dòng)的參與374.2.5 基層協(xié)商民主難以有效發(fā)揮政治經(jīng)濟(jì)作用37-394.3 中國(guó)基層協(xié)商民主實(shí)踐中存在問(wèn)題的原因分析39-434.3.1 部分干部和群眾對(duì)協(xié)商的價(jià)值缺乏深刻認(rèn)識(shí)39-404.3.2 普通民眾的協(xié)商參與能力低下40-414.3.3 對(duì)民主協(xié)商中的各種意見(jiàn)的評(píng)價(jià)難以設(shè)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)41-424.3.4 組織化、制度化程度不足導(dǎo)致對(duì)民主協(xié)商缺乏監(jiān)督42-43第5章 促進(jìn)中國(guó)基層協(xié)商民主建設(shè)的路徑選擇43-545.1 鞏固基層協(xié)商民主進(jìn)一步發(fā)展的社會(huì)基礎(chǔ)43-445.1.1 促進(jìn)群眾對(duì)協(xié)商民主認(rèn)識(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)變435.1.2 促進(jìn)民主管理由精英決策到公眾參與的轉(zhuǎn)變43-445.2 營(yíng)造良好的政治文化環(huán)境，提高民眾的協(xié)商參與能力44-495.2.1 營(yíng)造良好的政治文化環(huán)境44-475.2.2 提高民眾的協(xié)商參與能力47-495.3 探索建立適合國(guó)情的基層協(xié)商民主機(jī)制，實(shí)現(xiàn)基層協(xié)商民主的制度化49-545.3.1 完善協(xié)商評(píng)價(jià)體系，厘定評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)49-505.3.2 健全群