旋耕機的類型和構架的研究推廣分析.docx

1、旋耕機的類型和構架的研究推廣分析Analysisofthetypeandstructureofrotarycultivator1. ThedevetopmentofarotarycultivatorThedevelopmentofrotarytillerhasbeenaroundformorethan150years.ItwasoriginallyBritishandbeautiful.Theuseofthecountry,whichisdrivenbythreetofourkWinternalcombustionengines,ismainlyusedforthecultivationofg

2、ardens.Afterthedevelopmentoftherotarycultivator,therotarycultivatorenteredthefield.Atthebeginningofthe20thcentury.AftertheintroductionofthedryfieldrotarycultivatorinEurope,alotofexperimentalresearchhasbeencarriedoutThebladeisappliedtotheneedsofpaddyfield,andthebladeandthebladeoftheknifeshaftaresolve

3、d.Thetillerwasdevelopedrapidly.Ourcountry*sdevelopmentofrotarytillerbeganinthelate1950s,theearlymajorresearchTherotarycultivatorwiththesupportingtractorwasdevelopedandthendevelopedwiththemediumwheeledtractorAmatchingrotarycultivator;Intheearly1970s,allkindsoftractormatchingwascompletedThedesignofthe

4、seriesrotarytiller,andtheapplicationoftheseries.Bythe1980s,Therotarycultivatorwiththesupportingtractorisdevelopedfromthespecialtypetothedualuse,withthehandsupportThetractorisfittedwiththewheelsandcrawlertractor.ThetillerisinourcountryThedevelopmentofsinglemachine,developmentseriesproducts,newproduct

5、developmentandgeneration3Inthisphase,thedevelopmentandpromotionofnewplantingandfarmingagronomyisbasedontherotillerfoundationltalsohasacombinationofvariousUSES.ThenewseriesofrotarycultivatorsareadoptedThenewtypeofrotaryploughingknife,whichcombinesreasonablespeedparameters,widthandcomplexfunction,Usin

6、gthefoundationofrotarytiller,itcanbeassembledonmanykindsofmachines,whichcanbesatisfiedThesameuseandagriculturalrequirements.Atpresent,thescopeofourrototillerisexpanding,Therearemorethan100factoriesandpartsmanufacturers,fromthesouthwaterfieldstothenortherndrylands.ltiswidelyusedinfieldssuchaspasture,

7、wastelandandfruittrees.2. TypeandstructureofrotarycultivatorTypeoftiller10Therearemanydifferentclassificationmethodsforrotarytiller,whichcanbedividedaccordingtothepositionofthetoolshaft.Type,verticalanddiagonal,theuseofhorizontalrotarytillerismorecommon.2.1 ThetransmissionformThetransmissionformofro

8、tarycultivatoristwokindsofmiddledriveandsidedrive.ThemiddledrivetrainThesystemconsistsoftheuniversaljointdriveshaftandtheintermediatetransmissionbox;ThesidedrivesystemismadeupofuniversaljointsThedrivingshaft,themiddledriveboxandthesidedrivingbox.ThesidedrivehasgeartransmissionMovingandsprocketdrivet

9、wo,thesidedriveboxadoptsthechaindrive,theprocessingdemandislow,Notonlythereliabilityispoor,buttheservicelifeisshort,thechainisbrokenandthemaintenancecostwillbeincreased.Whenthemiddledriveisadopted,thelowerpartofthetransmissionboxcausestheleakageofthefield,affectingthequalityoftheworkjnordertosolveth

10、isproblem,alooseearthshovelisfixedatthebottomofthetransmissionbox,whichissmallTypeshareplows,ortwospecialcurvedknivesnexttothetransmissionbox.InordertoadapttoDifferentsoilconditionsandtractorpoweroutputshaftspeed,thetransmissionofrotarytiller.Theboxhasaspeedratioofdifferentgearstogetdifferentblade.s

11、peed.2.2 ThetillerisattachedtothetractorTherearethreekindsofsuspension,directconnectionandtractionoftherotarytillerandtractorIntheform,Chinacurrentlyadoptsthefirsttwotypesofjoin.Thesuspensionofthethree-pointsuspensionrotarycultivatorThehangingandliftingisthesameasthesharetypeplow,drivenbythetractorp

12、oweroutputshaft,throughthewanxiang.Theshaftoftheshaftisdrivenbythegearbox.Directconnectedrotarycultivatorltismainlyusedtosupportthemanualtractor,usuallyafterthemanualtractorgearbox.Thecoverisremovedandthentherotarygearreducerandtractorgearboxarebolted.Together,thegearsinatractorgearboxpassdirectlyto

13、therottillefsgear.Drivetherotarytiller.2.3 TheturningoftheknifeandthespeedTheshiftofthehorizontalrotarykniferollerhasapositiverotationandinversionoftwotypes,atpresent,usingthemore.Alotofitisarotarytiller.Whenturning,thebladeisforcedtocutupthedirtandturnthesoilback.Throw,groundblockandmachinecoverand

14、dragboardcollision,furtherbreak,breakgroundissufficient,butwork.Highconsumption,whichaffectsthestabilityofthecultivateddepthwhentheploughingdepthincreases.KniferollreversalishelpfuLReducingtheenergyconsumptionofcuttingearthandimprovingtheeffectofgroundbreaking,coveringtheburiedgreenabilityisstrong,b

15、uttheresultisalready.Theaccumulationoftheplowedsoilcausestherepeatedcuttingoftheblade,increasingunnecessaryloadandwork.Consumption.Whenreversingrotarytiller,theshellclayismoresevereandthesoilmoistureishigher.Inthecase,reverserotarytillershouldnotbeused.Thepowerconsumptionoftherotaryspeedontherototil

16、lergroup.Loudnoise,idealconfigurationislowkniferollspeedandhighadvancespeed.Inthesamecase,therollspeedoftheknifeis180260r/min,soatpresent,thespeedofkniferollerhasdecreasedTrend.2.4 CutsoilpitchInthesamelongitudinalplane,theturningoftheearth'ssoil,thetimeintervalofthecuttingsoilinside,thedistance

17、oftheunitiscalledthecuttingpitch.ThecuttingpitchismorethanthatofthegroundLargeeffect,generallytoachievegoodbreakgroundeffect,canincreasekniferollinaweekThenumberofbladesortheincreaseoftherotationalspeedratio,thereductionofthespeedoftheunit.Rightnow,inthemiddle.Inthefieldofwheatfieldsofviscosity,thec

18、uttingpitchis10centimeters.2.5 bladeandconfigurationThebladehaschisel,rightAngleknife(alsocalledLknifeorwideknife)andcurvedknife3kindsForm.Theedgeofthechiselknifehasachiseledge,thesoilabilityisstrong,buteasytogetthegrass,generalfitnessUsedforreclamationandloosefields.Theedgeofaright-angleknifeiscutb

19、ysidecuttingedgeandtangentThebladeismadeof,thecuttingstyleissimilartothechiselknife,butthebladeiswideandrigid.Suitablefordrygroundworkindrysoil.ThebladeofacurvedknifeisformedbythecurveThesidecuttingedgeandthetangentedgearetwoparts,whichcaneasilybecutoffandnoteasytowrapGrass,suitableforworkinginthegr

20、assfield,isakindofwaterdroughtcommonknifetype.ThearrangementofthemacheteontheknifeaxisisaffectingthequalityandpowerconsumptionofrotarycultivatorsOneoftheimportantfactorsoftheinstallationcanbeconfiguredaccordingtodifferentagriculturalskills.machetesThearrangementshouldgenerallymeetthefollowingrequire

21、ments:thebladeshouldworkashardaspossibletolimittheconstraintsonthesideToreducethelateralpressureontheshaftbearing,reducetherotationoftherotarybladeTheturningdistanceofthecenteroftheplowingmachineensuresthatthemachineworksinastraightline,reducingpowerconsumptionandadjacentdaoThespacingbetweentheslice

22、sshouldbeaslargeaspossibletopreventthecuttingoftheknife.ThecurvedknifeTherearethreemaintypesofinstallationmethods.Inside,outside,andinterlaced.2.6 TheselectionofthespeedoftheunitTheprincipleofthespeedselectionoftheunitistoreachthegroundlevelandthesurfacelevel.Toensurethequalityoffarming,thepowerofth

23、etractorshouldbefullyutilized.Usuallybefore.Speed25km/hcanbeusedwhenfarmingonsolidsoilForwardspeed.2.7 HomeworkwidthInordertocontroltheincreaseinpowerconsumption,theplowingshouldbecompressedproperly,butinordertoeliminatethedelayThewheelrutmakesthegroundlevelafterploughing,andcanbetowedwhenthesoiliss

24、mallerthanresistanceThepullerandtherotarytillerarebeingconfiguredtomaketheploughsmorethan10cmintherearofthetractor.Inthecaseofsoilresistance,thetractorandrotarytillerwillbeused.Underthesoilconditionsofthesouthernwaterfield,itis1216cmdeepandthespindlespeedof18022O.R/min,theforwardvelocityis25km/h.3 R

25、esearchandpromotionofrotarytillerAtpresent,therotarytillerhasbeenwidelyused,butduetotheexistingproductseries.Thelimitationofstrengthandstructuresize,itsfunctionhasbeenrelativelysimpleLimitedtomedium,smallpowertractor,lacklargeanddeep-cultivatedproducts.Inthefuture,Theresearchandpromotionofthemachine

26、shouldbedominatedbylarge,deepplowing.3.1 Morethan20cmdeepplowedrotarycultivatorandacombinationofrotationaltillage.ThejointoperatingmachineandtherotarycultivatorwiththepowertractorBecauseofthepowertractorhasseveralslowspeedandevencrawl,somecountries.Thedeepplowingmachinewasdevelopedandthedeepplowingm

27、achinewasdeveloped,whichreached3060respectivelyCmand90120cm,therebygreatlywideningthetillagefield.3.2 Reducingpowerconsumptionandincreasingefficiencyisalsoafocusoffutureresearchandpromotion.Inordertoreducethepowerconsumptionandimprovethequalityofthecultivation,thebladeparametersshouldbefurtherstudie

28、d.Explorenewmethodsofcultivating,suchassubsoilreversal,etc.Atpresent,thecountryhasproducedthereverse.Rotaryploughingmachine,whichisnowwidelyusedforfarmingandcoveringgreenmanure;Drainplough,Theadvantageofdrivingthediscploughistomakethespinningpartinthehorizontalpositionofthehorizontalplane.ltcancutth

29、esoilsmoothly,thebladeofthebladeisevenlydistributed,therebyreducingthepowerconsumption.Toimproveefficiency,Wealsoneedtodeveloplargemachinetoolsthatcanbeusedformulti-functionjointoperation.3.3 ReducemaintenancecostsforusersThedesignofrotarycultivatorisdesignedbymeansoftheprincipleandmethodofserviceli

30、fe.Thecertificateisusedfor4-5years,reducingthemaintenancecostoftheuser.3.4 ApplicationsofemergingtechnologiesWiththedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,weshouldconsiderapplyingsomenewtechniquestorotarycultivators.Onthetop,suchastheinformationsystem,developacopycontroloftheorchard,theforestfieldusether

31、otarytillerandTherotarytillerofhydraulickniferoller.4 DesignofdatasignalprocessingsystemThedatasignalprocessingsystemistheheartofthedetectionsystem,andherelatestothedetectionsystem.Theprecisionofthecottonisaffectedbytheprecision.High-speeddatacollectionprocessingsystemisThedevelopmentdirectionofthed

32、atacollectionprocessingsystemistoobservethecottonspecies.ThedetectionandsubsequentprocessingofthemeasuredsignalsdirectlyaffecttheselectionofcottoncolorColorselectionaccuracy.Therefore,thedesignofdatasignalprocessingsystemisespeciallycritical.TheprincipleofthecollectionsystemisthattheCCDisdrivenbythe

33、drivercircuit.Theanalogsignalsarecollectedandtheanalogsignalsarecollectedbysignalconditioningcircuit.ToconvertanalogsignalsintodigitalsignalstoimproveDSPprocessingspeed,addedFIFObuffertothesystem,becauseofhereFIFOdevicesdonotmatchtheleveloftheDSPchipthatwaschosen,sointhesystemAlevelconverterisadded,

34、andafteraFIFObuffer,thesignalentersDSPProcessingthemodule,thenprocessingthesignal,andfinallybyMCUtocontroltheexecutionmachineStructure.TheDSPprocessingmoduleisthekeytothesystem,whichUSEDIT,ProductionDSPchip,C2XXkernel,4assemblylinedesign,instructioncycle2.5Ns,3.3Vpowersupply;Thereare32k!6bitsofFLASH

35、and16bitsofRAM,bothofthemProcessRAM544bytes,singleprocessRAM2kbytes,noexternalstorage;A16-channel10-bitADC,theminimumconversiontimeof500ns;OutsideaserialSettheinterfaceSPI;YoucanusestandardCprogrammerprogramming,orClanguageandsinkProgramminglanguagestomeetindustrialcontrolrequirementsperfectly.Here,

36、DSPisthesignalprocessingcenterfortheentirehardwaresystem,andheacceptstheharvestfromtheCCDThesetsignalisprocessedandpassedtoMCUwhileDSPiscompleteFLASHandSDRAMcontrol5 conclusionTheelectro-opticaldetectionsystemisthecoresystemofthede-flannelercottoncolorselectionmachine,andalsoAverysophisticatedsystem

37、withhighprecisioninactualproduction,howmuchmoreReasonabledesignofthewholesystem,suchasopticalimagingandopticalilluminationFurtherresearchisneeded.ThispapermainlydealswithopticalsystemanddataprocessingsystemThispaperbrieflydiscussesthesettingofthephotodetectionsystemofthedevelvetsThemethodistolaythef

38、oundationforthedesignoftheremovalofcotton.旋耕機的類型和構架的研究推廣分析1旋耕機的發(fā)展現狀旋耕機的發(fā)展至今巳有150多年的歷史，最初在英國、美國推廣使用，由34kW內燃機驅動，主要用于庭園耕作，直到L型旋耕刀研制成功后，旋耕機才進入大田作業(yè)。20世紀初，日本從歐洲引進旱田旋耕機后，經過大量的試驗研究工作，研制出適用于水田耕作要求的彎刀，解決了刀齒和刀軸的纏草問題，旋耕機才得到了迅速發(fā)展。我國對旋耕機的研制始于20世紀50年代末，初期主要研制與手扶拖拉機配套的旋耕機，后來研制出與中型輪式拖拉機配套的旋耕機；70年代初完成了與當時國產的各類拖拉機配套的系

39、列旋耕機的設計，并使之得到了推廣應用；到80年代,與手扶拖拉機配套的旋耕機由專用型發(fā)展到兼用型，由與手扶拖拉機配套發(fā)展到與輪式及履帶式拖拉機配套。旋耕機在我國的發(fā)展經歷了單機研制、發(fā)展系列產品、新產品開發(fā)和換代3個階段，隨著新的種植、耕作農藝的發(fā)展和推廣，在旋耕機基礎上還研制出了多種用途的聯合復式作業(yè)機。新系列旋耕機采用的新型旋耕刀，綜合了合理的速度參數、幅寬和復式作業(yè)功能，采用旋耕機基礎件組合式結構，可組裝在多種機型上，滿足不同的用途與農藝要求。目前，我國旋耕機的使用范圍不斷擴大，整機及零部件生產企業(yè)有100余家，從南方水田到北方旱地以及牧場、荒地和果林等都廣泛使用旋耕機進行耕耘作業(yè)。2旋耕

40、機的類型和構架2.1旋耕機的類型旋耕機有多種不同的分類方法，按刀軸的位置可分為臥式、立式和斜置式，目前，臥式旋耕機的使用較為普遍。2.2傳動形式旋耕機傳動形式有中間傳動和側邊傳動2種。中間傳動系統(tǒng)由萬向節(jié)傳動軸和中間傳動箱組成；側邊傳動系統(tǒng)由萬向節(jié)傳動軸、中間傳動箱和側邊傳動箱組成。側邊傳動又有齒輪傳動和鏈輪傳動2種，側邊傳動箱采用鏈傳動時，加工要求較低，不但可靠性較差，而且使用壽命短，鏈條斷后會增加維修費用。當采用中間傳動時，傳動箱的下部會造成漏耕，影響作業(yè)質量，為了解決這個問題，在傳動箱的下部固定了一個松土鏟,即小型錚式犁，或者在傳動箱的旁邊裝2把特殊的彎刀。為了適應不同的土壤條件及拖拉機

41、動力輸出軸轉速，有的旋耕機的傳動箱配有速比不同的齒輪，以得到不同的刀輻轉速。2.3旋耕機與拖拉機的掛接旋耕機與拖拉機的掛接有三點懸掛、直接聯接和牽引3種形式，我國目前采用前2種聯接方式。三點懸掛式旋耕機的懸掛及升降與車華式犁相同，由拖拉機動力輸出軸驅動，通過萬向節(jié)傳動軸，經傳動箱減速后帶動刀軸工作。直接聯接式旋耕機主要用于與手扶拖拉機配套，一般是將手扶拖拉機的變速箱后蓋取下來，然后將旋耕機減速箱和拖拉機變速箱用螺栓聯接在一起，動力由拖拉機變速箱里的齒輪直接傳給旋耕機的齒輪,以驅動旋耕機運轉。2.4刀輻轉向及轉速臥式旋耕機刀輻的轉向有正轉和反轉2種，目前，使用較多的是正轉旋耕機。正轉時刀片強制切

42、碎土塊，并將土塊向后拋擲，土塊與機罩及拖板相撞后，進一步破碎,碎土充分，但功耗較大，在耕深增加時，影響耕深的穩(wěn)定性。刀輻反轉則有利于降低切土能耗和提高碎土效果，覆蓋埋青能力強，但易導致已耕土塊堆積，造成刀輻的重復切削，增大了不必要的負荷和功耗。反轉旋耕機作業(yè)時，罩殼黏土比較嚴重，在土壤濕度較大的情況下，不宜采用反轉旋耕機。刀輻轉速對旋耕機組的功耗影響較大，較理想的配置是低的刀輻轉速和較高的前進速度。一般情況下，刀車昆轉速為180260r/min,目前，刀餛轉速有降低的趨勢。2.5切土節(jié)距同一縱向平面內切土的旋耕刀，在其相繼切土的時間間隔內，機組前進的距離稱為切土節(jié)距。切土節(jié)距對碎土程度有較大的

43、影響，一般為達到良好的碎土效果，可增加刀輻在一周內的刀片數量或增加旋耕速比，即降低機組前進速度。目前，在中等黏度的麥田地，切土節(jié)距為10cmo2.6刀片及配置刀片有鑿型刀、直角型刀（又稱L型刀或寬刀）和彎刀3種形式。鑿型刀正有鑿型刃口，入土能力強，但易纏草，一般適用于墾荒地和較疏松的田地。直角型刀的刃口由側切刃和正切刃組成，切削方式和鑿型刀相似，也易纏草，但刀身寬，剛性好，適合在土質較硬的干旱地上作業(yè)。彎刀的刃口由曲線構成，包括側切刃和正切刃2個部分,可輕松地將草莖切斷，且不易纏草，適合在多草的田里作業(yè)，是一種水旱通用的刀型。彎刀在刀軸上的排列是影響旋耕機耕作質量及功率消耗的重要因素之一，在安裝時可根據不同的農藝要求配置。彎刀的排列一般應滿足下列要求：刀片盡量工作在少側向約束條件下，并均勻入土，以減小對刀軸軸承的側壓力，減少旋耕刀對旋耕機重心的轉距,保證機器工作時的直線性，減少功耗，相鄰刀片間沿圓周方向的間距應盡可能大，以防止刀間壅土。彎刀的安裝方法主要有3種；內裝法，外裝法，交錯法。2.7機組前進速度的選擇機組前進速度選擇的原則是達到碎土要求，地表平整，既要保證耕作質量，又要充分發(fā)揮拖拉機的功率。一般情況下前進速度25km/h,在堅實度較大的土地上耕作時可選用較低的前進速度。2.8作業(yè)幅寬為控制功耗急劇增加，應適當壓縮耕幅，但為了消除拖拉機輪轍，使耕后地表平