名詞性從句 (2)

1、Noun Clauses公主嶺市大嶺中學(xué)公主嶺市大嶺中學(xué) 王洪燕王洪燕語(yǔ)序問(wèn)題語(yǔ)序問(wèn)題關(guān)聯(lián)詞的區(qū)分關(guān)聯(lián)詞的區(qū)分拓展拓展鞏固鞏固 練習(xí)練習(xí)種類種類1.When we will start is not clear.2.Mrs Black wont believe that her son has become a thief.3. My idea is that we should do it right now.4.I had no idea that you were her friend.主語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句I 名詞性從句的種類名詞性從句的種

2、類1.The photographs will show you _ （MET89） A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like v2.You can hardly imagine _when he heard the news .vA. how he was excitedvB. how was he excitedvC. how excited he wasvD. he was

3、 how excited3.He asked_for a violin.（MET92） A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid 請(qǐng)你歸納請(qǐng)你歸納 在名詞性從句中，除了在名詞性從句中，除了關(guān)聯(lián)詞在從句之首關(guān)聯(lián)詞在從句之首外，其外，其它部分它部分應(yīng)用應(yīng)用_的的語(yǔ)序語(yǔ)序。陳述句陳述句 .名詞性從句的連接詞名詞性從句的連接詞一、主語(yǔ)從句一、主語(yǔ)從句(在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)的從句在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)的從句）.1.連詞連詞that(無(wú)詞義無(wú)詞義, 不作成分不作成分, 不能省不能省略略);w

4、hether(是否是否),不用不用if.That he will come and help us is certain.Whether we will succeed is still a question.注意注意: : 已確定的事由已確定的事由thatthat引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo); ; 沒(méi)決定的事由沒(méi)決定的事由whetherwhether引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo). . 3.連接副詞連接副詞when(ever), where(ever), why, how(ever), how long, how often, how soon, how far, how many / much 等等.When the test w

5、ill be given is not yet decided.How much we can spend must be agreed on.2. 連接代詞連接代詞what, whatever, who, whoever, whose, which, whichever 等等.What he is has nothing to do with you.Whose ticket this is has not been found out. 主語(yǔ)從句的位置和句式主語(yǔ)從句的位置和句式 通常放在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前或由形式主語(yǔ)通常放在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前或由形式主語(yǔ)it代代替，而本身放在句子末尾替，而本身

6、放在句子末尾It is a fact /a pity that It is an honor that用用 i t 作 形 式 主 語(yǔ) 的 結(jié) 構(gòu)作 形 式 主 語(yǔ) 的 結(jié) 構(gòu)( 1 ) I t i s 名 詞 從 句 名 詞 從 句It is no wonder that( 2 ) I t i s 形 容 詞 從 句 形 容 詞 從 句Itsnatural /strange/true/wonderful/surprising/strange that( 3 ) I t i s 不 及 物 動(dòng) 詞 從 句 不 及 物 動(dòng) 詞 從 句It seems/appears thatIt happene

7、d/occured thatIt turned out that(4) It is/was+過(guò) 去 分 詞 從 句過(guò) 去 分 詞 從 句It is reported/decided thatIt has been proved thatIt is said/thought/hoped/told/believed +that.(5) It doesnt matter/makes no difference how/whether 主語(yǔ)從句的主謂一致主語(yǔ)從句的主謂一致1.主語(yǔ)從句通常被看作一個(gè)整體主語(yǔ)從句通常被看作一個(gè)整體,主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式形式. That they w

8、ill comeThat they will come is certain.is certain.2.由由who, whoever引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句的單復(fù)數(shù)要視從句引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句的單復(fù)數(shù)要視從句中的單復(fù)數(shù)而定中的單復(fù)數(shù)而定.Whoever say thatWhoever say that are to be punished.are to be punished.Who are going thereWho are going there have been decidedhave been decided.3.What 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí),主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由表主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)

9、由表語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)決定語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)決定.What he wantsWhat he wants are these books.are these books.What he wantsWhat he wants is some water.is some water.二二. 賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句(在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)，放在動(dòng)詞在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)，放在動(dòng)詞/介詞介詞/形容詞形容詞后后1. 由連詞由連詞that 引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo): that ?？墒÷?，不做成分，無(wú)意?？墒÷?，不做成分，無(wú)意義義。We believe (that) he is honest.Im sure (that) I would come bac

10、k soon.注：并列第二個(gè)以上的賓語(yǔ)從句注：并列第二個(gè)以上的賓語(yǔ)從句, ,或有插入語(yǔ)時(shí)不能或有插入語(yǔ)時(shí)不能省略省略that.)that.)He said (that) he had finished reading this novel and that he would borrow another one.當(dāng)當(dāng)that 引導(dǎo)的從句作復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的第一個(gè)成分時(shí)，需引導(dǎo)的從句作復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的第一個(gè)成分時(shí)，需用先行詞用先行詞it 作形式賓語(yǔ)，把從句放到句末，作形式賓語(yǔ)，把從句放到句末，that 不不能省略。能省略。We consider it possible that he is ill.I fee

11、l it a pity that she cant come.I heard it said that he had gone to Australia.He made it clear that he objected to the plan.1.I hate _ when people talk with their mouths full（MET98） A. it B. that C. these D. them 2. I feel _ strange that he should be so careless. A. / B. it C. that D. how 3. It worri

12、ed her a bit _ her hair was turning grey.（MET92） Awhile B. that Cif Dfor 為了使句子保持平衡，常用為了使句子保持平衡，常用it來(lái)代替來(lái)代替主語(yǔ)從句或賓語(yǔ)從句，而把主語(yǔ)從句或主語(yǔ)從句或賓語(yǔ)從句，而把主語(yǔ)從句或賓語(yǔ)從句放到后面，尤其是連詞賓語(yǔ)從句放到后面，尤其是連詞that引引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句常用于此種句式中，但導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句常用于此種句式中，但what，whatever，whoever，whichever引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句一般不后置。引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句一般不后置。 請(qǐng)你歸納請(qǐng)你歸納 ？2. 由由wh-疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)。疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)。We full

13、y understood what he meant.Go and ask why he was late yesterday.Please tell me which is mine.I asked how he was getting on.Do you know whether/if she is coming?He asked me whether or not I was I was busy.We will choose whoever is fit.They should enjoy complete freedom to marry whomever they desire.H

14、e is worrying about when Mother came back.whether 與與if 有時(shí)可以換用，但下列情有時(shí)可以換用，但下列情況只能用況只能用whether. .1. 介詞后的賓從介詞后的賓從.Everything depends on whether it is fine tomorrow.2. 2. Whether與與or not連用連用. .I dont know whether or not shell like it. 3. 3. 復(fù)合不定式只能用復(fù)合不定式只能用whether. . Tell us whether to go or stay here.

15、4. Whether the advice will be accepted is not known. （主語(yǔ)從句（主語(yǔ)從句,不可以用不可以用if） 5. I have no idea whether he will come. （同位語(yǔ)從句（同位語(yǔ)從句,不可以用不可以用if.） 6. The problem is whether we have enough time to do it again. （表語(yǔ)從句（表語(yǔ)從句,不可以用不可以用if .）7.Whether he comes, Im not sure.(賓語(yǔ)從賓語(yǔ)從句提在句首）句提在句首）if 引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)

16、從句要注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題賓語(yǔ)從句要注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題: 1. 1. 時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)2. 2. 否定轉(zhuǎn)移否定轉(zhuǎn)移: : (think, believe, suppose, expect, guess 等等). ).但一般出現(xiàn)在主句是一但一般出現(xiàn)在主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的情況下般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的情況下. . I dont think you have met before, have you ?3.3.當(dāng)由疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和主句當(dāng)由疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，可以用疑問(wèn)詞的主語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，可以用疑問(wèn)詞+to do+to do的簡(jiǎn)略的簡(jiǎn)略形式式 I wonder what we should d

17、o.=I wonder what to do.三三. 表語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句(表語(yǔ)從句在表語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句復(fù)合句中作表語(yǔ)，中作表語(yǔ)，放在放在系動(dòng)詞之后系動(dòng)詞之后表語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞與表語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞與主語(yǔ)從句和賓語(yǔ)從句相主語(yǔ)從句和賓語(yǔ)從句相同同. . 其中其中 1. 1. that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)不能省引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)不能省, ,不做成不做成分，無(wú)意義分，無(wú)意義. . 2. 2. if不能引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句不能引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句. . 3 3.what(ever),who(ever),which(ever),whom(ever)在從句中充當(dāng)主賓表成分在從句中充當(dāng)主賓表成分4 4.as if/ as though,beca

18、use,why能引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)能引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句從句.It seems / appears that he was late for the train yesterday.It seems / appears / looks as if we have to go home on foot.All this was twenty years ago,but its as if it was only yesterday. He is ill, thats why he didnt come to school.He didnt come to school. Thats because he was

19、ill.表語(yǔ)從句要注意的問(wèn)題表語(yǔ)從句要注意的問(wèn)題:The reason +why/for which-clause is +that-clause. 1.The reason _ we didnt trust him is _ he has often lied2. The reason _ I told you is _he has known.why/for whichthat(that)what*從句中不缺成分（從句中不缺成分（主賓表俱全主賓表俱全）The news that our team has won the match is true.I have no idea when h

20、e did it.四四. 同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句一般跟在名詞同位語(yǔ)從句一般跟在名詞fact, news, promise, truth, belief, thought, idea, answer, information, knowledge, doubt, hope, law, opinion, plan, suggestion后面后面, , 用以用以說(shuō)明或解釋說(shuō)明或解釋前面的前面的名詞名詞. .引導(dǎo)詞有連詞引導(dǎo)詞有連詞 that ;沒(méi)有沒(méi)有which;少數(shù)情況下也可用少數(shù)情況下也可用連接副詞連接副詞或或連接代詞連接代詞.一、同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ) 從句的相似之處1、兩種從句都放在名詞后

21、面，都可以譯成、兩種從句都放在名詞后面，都可以譯成“的的”,并都可用并都可用that引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo) The news that our team has won the finalmatch is encouraging. （同位語(yǔ)從句）我們隊(duì)取得決賽勝利的我們隊(duì)取得決賽勝利的消息令人鼓舞。消息令人鼓舞。The news that you told us is really encouraging.（定語(yǔ)從句）你告訴我們的你告訴我們的消消息真的令人鼓舞。息真的令人鼓舞。二、同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)二、同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ) 從句從句的的不同之處不同之處1 1、同位語(yǔ)從句用來(lái)進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明前面名詞的內(nèi)、同位語(yǔ)從句用來(lái)進(jìn)

22、一步說(shuō)明前面名詞的內(nèi)容；定語(yǔ)從句用來(lái)修飾、限定前面的名詞。容；定語(yǔ)從句用來(lái)修飾、限定前面的名詞。 e.g. The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. （從句說(shuō)明（從句說(shuō)明“消消息息”的內(nèi)容：的內(nèi)容：The news that you told us is really encouraging.（從句對(duì)（從句對(duì)“消息消息”加以限定：加以限定：The news is is that our team has won the final match.The news is that you told us.2 2、t

23、hat的功能不同：的功能不同：that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)是引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)是一個(gè)純連詞，不充當(dāng)任何成分，不省略；而引一個(gè)純連詞，不充當(dāng)任何成分，不省略；而引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的that是關(guān)系代詞，既指代先行詞是關(guān)系代詞，既指代先行詞又須在從句中充當(dāng)成分，做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省。又須在從句中充當(dāng)成分，做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省。二、同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)二、同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ) 從句從句的的不同之處不同之處e.g.1) Dad made a promise that he would buy me CD player if I passed the English test. 2) Dad made a promise tha

24、t excited all his children.PracticeTell the function of the clauses in the following sentencesA: Appositive（同位語(yǔ)）（同位語(yǔ)）; B: Attributive（定語(yǔ)）（定語(yǔ)）1.His proposal that we go there on foot is acceptable.2.Many teachers hold the view that teenagers should not spend too much time online.3.The first request th

25、at he made was to ask for freedom.4. He made an excuse that his car broke down on the way.5. Is this the company where your father works?6. This is the reason that he gave for his absence.3.5.6.w 1. that 與 what w 2. if 與 whether w 3. who 與 whoever w what 與 whateverIV關(guān)聯(lián)詞的區(qū)分關(guān)聯(lián)詞的區(qū)分v1. I wonder if this

26、is _you are looking for.v2. Our school is quite different from _ it was before.v3. Father made a promise _ if I passed the examination he would buy me a computer.whatwhatthatv4._ I cant understand is why he has changed his mind.v5._ the earth is round is known to us all.v歸納：WhatThat連詞連詞_在從句中不作成分，不含有

27、疑在從句中不作成分，不含有疑問(wèn)意義；而問(wèn)意義；而_在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分（主、賓、表）；本身有詞義，（主、賓、表）；本身有詞義，通常譯通常譯為所的，為所的，常含有疑問(wèn)意義。常含有疑問(wèn)意義。thatwhat1）_ you dont like him is none of my business. A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether 2)_ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. A.What B. That C. The fact D. The matter 3) Theres a

28、 feeling in me _ well never know what a UFO is - not ever. ( s2002） A. that B. which C. of which D. what 1. I dont know _ Ill be free tomorrow. 2. I dont know _ or not Ill be free tomorrow. 3. The question is _ this book is worth writing.whether/ifwhetherwhether4. It depends on _ we will have enough

29、 money.5. _ they can do it matters little to us.6._ you are not free tomorrow , Ill go without you.歸納:a.主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從 句、介詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句只能用句、介詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句只能用whether，不能用不能用if ；b.后面緊跟后面緊跟 or not 時(shí)時(shí), 用用whetherwhetherwhetherIf 1._ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet. A. W

30、henever B. If C.Whether D.That 2._ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A. If B.Whether C. That D.Wherev1._ was said here must be kept secret.v2. _we need is more time.v3._ stole money from him has been caught.v4._ breaks the law will be punished. WhateverWhatWhoWhoeverv _等引導(dǎo)的名詞性等引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句

31、從句表示泛指表示泛指，相當(dāng)于，相當(dāng)于名詞名詞后加一個(gè)定語(yǔ)后加一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，從句，“無(wú)論無(wú)論”而而v_等引導(dǎo)的名詞性等引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句表示從句表示特指特指。Whoever,whateverWho, what 1._ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.(s99)A.Who B. The one C. Anyone D. Whoever2. Sarah hopes to become a friend of _ shares her interests.A.anyone B. whomever C.whoever D.no

32、matter who 3.These wild flowers are so special, I would do _ I can to save them. A. whatever B. that C. which D. whichever 4. It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.（NMET97） A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever 5. _ leaves the room last ought to turn off the l

33、ights.（MET88） A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who V . 拓展who()ever 與與no matter who() 的用法比較的用法比較 1.Sarah hopes to become a friend of no matter who shares her interests. 2. No matter how much advice I gave him, he did exactly what he wanted to do.3.He will believe whatever others say.4.Whatever o

34、thers say, he will believe it.True or FalseF whoeverTTT歸納歸納 : whatever 等同類詞既可以引導(dǎo)名詞等同類詞既可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，而性從句，也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，而 no matter +疑問(wèn)詞疑問(wèn)詞只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。句。1. I advise that we the whole class (should) unite and work together all the time.My advice is that we the whole class (should) unite and work together all the time. I have an advice that we