數(shù)據(jù)通信與網(wǎng)絡(luò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化-文檔資料

1、SOHOServerIntranet移動(dòng)寬帶上網(wǎng)4.4.傳輸層傳輸層 2. 2.數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層3.3.網(wǎng)絡(luò)層網(wǎng)絡(luò)層1.1.物理層物理層5.5.會(huì)話層會(huì)話層 6. 6.表示層表示層面向用戶應(yīng)用面向數(shù)據(jù)傳輸 7. 7.應(yīng)用層應(yīng)用層5.5.會(huì)話層會(huì)話層 6. 6.表示層表示層 7. 7.應(yīng)用層應(yīng)用層4.4.傳輸層傳輸層2.2.數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層1.1.物理層物理層4.4.傳輸層傳輸層2.2.數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層3.3.網(wǎng)絡(luò)層網(wǎng)絡(luò)層1.1.物理層物理層5.5.會(huì)話層會(huì)話層 6. 6.表示層表示層 7. 7.應(yīng)用層應(yīng)用層數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)3.3.網(wǎng)絡(luò)層網(wǎng)絡(luò)層應(yīng)用層用戶L7L7數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)到表示層FTP應(yīng)用層用

2、戶L7L7數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)到表示層FTPL7L7數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)的編碼、數(shù)據(jù)的編碼、加密和壓縮加密和壓縮表示層表示層從應(yīng)用層從應(yīng)用層H6H6L6L6數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)到會(huì)話層到會(huì)話層L7L7數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)的解碼、數(shù)據(jù)的解碼、解密和解壓解密和解壓表示層表示層到應(yīng)用層到應(yīng)用層H6H6L6L6數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)從會(huì)話層從會(huì)話層L6數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)會(huì)話層會(huì)話層從表示層從表示層synL5數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)到傳輸層到傳輸層synsyn H5L6數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)會(huì)話層會(huì)話層到表示層到表示層synL5數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)從傳輸層從傳輸層synsyn H5L5L5數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)傳輸層傳輸層從會(huì)話層從會(huì)話層H4H4L4L4數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)到網(wǎng)絡(luò)層到網(wǎng)絡(luò)層H4H4H4H4L4L4數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)L4L4數(shù)據(jù)

3、數(shù)據(jù)L5L5數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)傳輸層傳輸層到會(huì)話層到會(huì)話層H4H4L4L4數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)從網(wǎng)絡(luò)層從網(wǎng)絡(luò)層H4H4H4H4L4L4數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)L4L4數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)L4L4數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)層網(wǎng)絡(luò)層從傳輸層從傳輸層H3H3包包L3L3數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)到數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層到數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層L4L4數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)層網(wǎng)絡(luò)層到傳輸層到傳輸層H3H3包包L3L3數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)從數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層從數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層L3L3數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層從網(wǎng)絡(luò)層從網(wǎng)絡(luò)層H2H2T2T2幀幀L2L2數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)到物理層到物理層L3L3數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層到網(wǎng)絡(luò)層到網(wǎng)絡(luò)層H2H2T2T2幀幀L2L2數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)從物理層從物理層L2L2數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)010101000011110001010100

4、00111100傳輸媒體傳輸媒體物理層物理層從數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層從數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層L2L2數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)01010100001111000101010000111100到數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層到數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層物理層物理層允許接入網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源應(yīng)用層應(yīng)用層表示層表示層會(huì)話層會(huì)話層傳輸層傳輸層網(wǎng)絡(luò)層網(wǎng)絡(luò)層數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層物理層物理層建立、管理和終止會(huì)話將分組從源端傳送到目的端；提供網(wǎng)絡(luò)互聯(lián)在媒體上傳輸比特；提供機(jī)械的和電氣的規(guī)約對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換、加密和壓縮提供可靠的端到端的報(bào)文傳輸和差錯(cuò)控制將分組數(shù)據(jù)封裝成幀；提供節(jié)點(diǎn)到節(jié)點(diǎn)方式的傳輸數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)層報(bào)頭數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層報(bào)頭 傳輸層傳輸層 數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層 物理層物理層 網(wǎng)絡(luò)層網(wǎng)絡(luò)層

5、 表示層表示層應(yīng)用層應(yīng)用層會(huì)話層會(huì)話層源端口、目的端口源IP、目的IP、協(xié)議號(hào)源MAC、目的MAC、幀類型二進(jìn)制流“0、1”傳輸層報(bào)頭設(shè)備設(shè)備A設(shè)備設(shè)備B7654321L7數(shù)據(jù)L7數(shù)據(jù)H6L6數(shù)據(jù)H5L5數(shù)據(jù)H4L4數(shù)據(jù)H3L3數(shù)據(jù)H2010101000011110000101010T27654321L7數(shù)據(jù)L7數(shù)據(jù)H6L6數(shù)據(jù)H5L5數(shù)據(jù)H4L4數(shù)據(jù)H3L3數(shù)據(jù)H2010101000011110000101010T2傳輸媒體數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)層報(bào)頭網(wǎng)絡(luò)層報(bào)頭 + + 傳輸層報(bào)頭傳輸層報(bào)頭 + + 數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層報(bào)頭數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層報(bào)頭傳輸層報(bào)頭傳輸層報(bào)頭+ + 數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)層報(bào)頭網(wǎng)絡(luò)層報(bào)頭數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)傳

6、輸層報(bào)頭傳輸層報(bào)頭01011101010010000100101110101001000010傳輸層傳輸層 數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層物理層物理層 網(wǎng)絡(luò)層網(wǎng)絡(luò)層 表示層表示層應(yīng)用層應(yīng)用層會(huì)話層會(huì)話層應(yīng)用層應(yīng)用層表示層表示層會(huì)話層會(huì)話層傳輸層傳輸層網(wǎng)絡(luò)層網(wǎng)絡(luò)層數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層物理層物理層應(yīng)用層應(yīng)用層傳輸層傳輸層 Internet Internet層層網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口層網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口層應(yīng)用層表示層會(huì)話層傳輸層網(wǎng)絡(luò)層數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層物理層IPICMPIGMPRARPARPUDPTCP各種應(yīng)用程序?qū)痈鞣N應(yīng)用程序?qū)覵MTPFTPDNSSNMPNFSTFTP由底層網(wǎng)絡(luò)定義的協(xié)議由底層網(wǎng)絡(luò)定義的協(xié)議Ethernet,Token-

7、Ring,FDDI,X.25,Wirless,ATMTCP(TCP(傳輸控制協(xié)議傳輸控制協(xié)議) )屬于面向連接的網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議屬于面向連接的網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議UDP(UDP(用戶報(bào)文協(xié)議用戶報(bào)文協(xié)議) )屬于無連接的網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議屬于無連接的網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議應(yīng)用層傳輸層Internet層物理層數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層網(wǎng)絡(luò)層網(wǎng)絡(luò)層主機(jī)到主機(jī)傳輸主機(jī)到主機(jī)傳輸傳輸層傳輸層端到端可靠傳輸端到端可靠傳輸互聯(lián)網(wǎng)絡(luò)報(bào)文報(bào)文HTTP FTP DNS TFTP HTTP FTP DNS TFTP 應(yīng)用層應(yīng)用層端口端口80 2080 20、21 53 6921 53 69主機(jī)主機(jī) B B主機(jī)主機(jī) A A102823源端口目的端口源端口號(hào)源端口號(hào) (16(

8、16比特比特) )目的端口號(hào)目的端口號(hào)(16(16比特比特) )順序號(hào)順序號(hào)(32(32比特比特) )應(yīng)答號(hào)應(yīng)答號(hào) (32(32比特比特) )窗口大小窗口大小 (16(16比特比特) )校驗(yàn)和校驗(yàn)和 (16(16比特比特) )其它其它TCPTCP控制信息（如控制信息（如SYN,ACKSYN,ACK等）等）數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)2020102823DP.Seq.301Ack.102823SP.DP.Seq.302Ack.SP.102823SP.DP.Seq.301Ack.102823SP.DP.Seq.302Ack.客戶端客戶端A服務(wù)器服務(wù)器B客戶端客戶端A服務(wù)器服務(wù)器B發(fā)送 SYN1(seq#=100)1接

9、收SYN發(fā)送SYN1, ACK1 (seq#=300 ack#=101)2建立連接，ACK1(ack#=301)3接收SYN,ACK發(fā)送方Window size = 3發(fā)送發(fā)送 1Window size = 3發(fā)送發(fā)送 2Window size = 3發(fā)送發(fā)送 3ACK 3Window size = 2第三個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)段被丟棄Window size = 2發(fā)送發(fā)送 4Window size = 2發(fā)送發(fā)送 3ACK 5Window size = 2接收方Window大小為發(fā)送方或接收方的緩存大小。源端口號(hào)源端口號(hào)(16(16比特比特) )目的端口號(hào)目的端口號(hào) (16(16比特比特) )其它其它UDP

10、UDP控制信息控制信息數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)校驗(yàn)和校驗(yàn)和 (16(16比特比特) )8 8字節(jié)字節(jié)網(wǎng)絡(luò)層IPICMPIGMPRARPARPBit 0Bit 31版本版本(4)(4)目的目的IPIP地址地址 (32)(32)選項(xiàng)選項(xiàng)(0 or 32 if any)(0 or 32 if any)數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)頭長(zhǎng)度頭長(zhǎng)度 (4)(4)TOS (8)TOS (8)總長(zhǎng)度總長(zhǎng)度 (16)(16)標(biāo)識(shí)標(biāo)識(shí) (16)(16)標(biāo)志標(biāo)志(3)(3)段偏移段偏移 (13)(13)TTL (8)TTL (8)協(xié)議協(xié)議 (8)(8)校驗(yàn)和校驗(yàn)和 (16)(16)源源IPIP地址地址 (32)(32)20-60Bytes20-65536BytesICMP報(bào)文報(bào)文IP數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)尾部尾部IP首部首