高中英語(yǔ)選修七 Unit3 Under the sea-語(yǔ)法篇（教師版）

1、.第6講 Under the sea 語(yǔ)法篇_1.掌握V-ing的被動(dòng)式的構(gòu)造與用法；2.可以純熟運(yùn)用V-ing的被動(dòng)式解題造句。一. 含義與構(gòu)成1、v-ing形式的種類(lèi)功用和各種形式：V-ing 包括動(dòng)名詞和如今分詞兩種，分別可作：主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ); 動(dòng)名詞定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、賓/主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 如今分詞注意：其否認(rèn)形式是在其前邊加：not/never.其各種形式如下表：語(yǔ)態(tài) 時(shí) 態(tài) 主動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式一般式 not doing not being done完成式 not having done not having been done2. V-ing 形式的被動(dòng)式用法及種類(lèi)當(dāng)v-ing與它的邏輯主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成

2、被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，要用其被動(dòng)式, v-ing的被動(dòng)式有兩種：一般被動(dòng)式：being done；完成被動(dòng)式：having been done；V-ing形式的被動(dòng)式包括動(dòng)名詞被動(dòng)式和如今分詞的被動(dòng)式兩種。二. 用法一動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式在句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)，且在句中只表被動(dòng)，不表進(jìn)展。1、作主語(yǔ)So being killed by sharks was a common thing. 因此被鯊魚(yú)吃掉是常有的事。Being laughed at in public is a terrible thing. 在公共場(chǎng)合下被嘲笑是件可怕的事。Being exposed to the sun d

3、oes harm to health. 暴漏在陽(yáng)光下對(duì)身體有害。The presidents being killed led to serious consequences. 總統(tǒng)被殺導(dǎo)致了嚴(yán)重后果。2、 作賓語(yǔ)V-ing形式的被動(dòng)式既可作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ), 也可作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。The bird escaped being caught. I didnt mind being left at home.He was afraid of _ abandon by us. He did it without _ askYou cant eat anything before _operate on I

4、remember having been told the story.3、作表語(yǔ)What worried the child most was his not being allowed to visit his mother in the hospital.使孩子最為擔(dān)憂的是他不被允許到醫(yī)院看母親。注意： 動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式作主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用其一般式being done,不習(xí)慣用完成式；但作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，假設(shè)其動(dòng)作發(fā)生謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前或強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，可用其完成式having been done。 如：I appreciate having been given the chance to stud

5、y abroad. 我很感謝能被給與到國(guó)外留學(xué)的時(shí)機(jī)。動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式在句中作主、賓、表時(shí)，其特點(diǎn)是只表被動(dòng)，不表進(jìn)展。動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式作主、賓、表時(shí)，有時(shí)可采用其復(fù)合構(gòu)造形式，即：名詞所有格/形容性物主代詞+ being done。如：Toms being admitted to college is a big surprise for us. 湯姆被大學(xué)入取讓我們很是驚訝。The discovery of new evidence led to his being caught. 新證據(jù)的發(fā)現(xiàn)導(dǎo)致他被捕。What worried the child most was his not bein

6、g allowed to visit his mother in the hospital二如今分詞的被動(dòng)式如今分詞的被動(dòng)式常句中作賓補(bǔ)和定語(yǔ)，一般不作狀語(yǔ)除個(gè)別情形例外；在句中既表被動(dòng)又表進(jìn)展。1、 作賓補(bǔ)如今分詞的被動(dòng)式being done作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，表示正在進(jìn)展的被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作，常與感官動(dòng)詞連用。I saw James being held up in the water by old Tom.Youll find the topic _ discuss everywhere now.As we approached the village we saw new houses _ build注

7、意：與過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別：過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)表示動(dòng)作已完成。2、作定語(yǔ)如今分詞的被動(dòng)式being done作定語(yǔ)時(shí)時(shí)，表示正在進(jìn)展的被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。The meeting _ discuss now is very important.He asked who was the girl _ operateon in the operating room. 注意：如今分詞的被動(dòng)式作后置定語(yǔ)時(shí)，表示正在進(jìn)展的被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作；過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作；不定式的被動(dòng)式作后置定語(yǔ)表示未發(fā)生或即將發(fā)生的被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。如：a meeting being held now 正在被舉行的會(huì)議 a meet

8、ing held yesterday 昨天舉行的會(huì)議a meeting to be held tomorrow 明天將舉行的會(huì)議如今分詞的被動(dòng)完成式having been done 不能做定語(yǔ)和賓補(bǔ)。The building having been built last year The building built last year We found him having been killed. We found him killed 三如今分詞的被動(dòng)完成式 having been done 作狀語(yǔ)當(dāng)分詞與句子的主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且此分詞動(dòng)作明確地發(fā)生在句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前或持續(xù)發(fā)生一段時(shí)

9、間或持續(xù)發(fā)生屢次時(shí)可用如今分詞的被動(dòng)完成式having been done 作狀語(yǔ)。Having been shown around the classroom, we were taken to visit the lab.被領(lǐng)著參觀了教室后，我們又被帶著參觀了實(shí)驗(yàn)室。Having been told the news, they put off the trip. 被告知此消息后，他們?nèi)∠诉@次旅。Having been separated for many years by the war, they couldnt recognize each other. 因戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)而別離多年后，他們都

10、認(rèn)不出對(duì)方了。Having been told many times, the boy still didnt know how to do it.盡管被告知屢次了， 那個(gè)小男孩他仍然不知如何去做。注意：假設(shè)分詞有自己獨(dú)立的主語(yǔ)可構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格構(gòu)造。The work having been done, they left the office.All the exam papers having been handed in, the teacher sent the students home. 在這種獨(dú)立主格構(gòu)造中，用如今分詞的被動(dòng)完成式形式與用過(guò)去分詞形式差異不大。而為了簡(jiǎn)潔，習(xí)慣采用過(guò)去

11、分詞形式，如上面兩句常表達(dá)成：The work done, they left the office.All the exam papers handed in, the teacher sent the students home.注意：過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)與如今分詞的被動(dòng)完成式的區(qū)別：二者作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，都表示與句子的主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，區(qū)別不大，可以互換。但是在這種情況下，為了簡(jiǎn)潔，還是習(xí)慣采用過(guò)去分詞形式作狀語(yǔ)。Asked = Having been asked to work overtime, I missed a wonderful film.由于昨晚被要求加班，我錯(cuò)過(guò)了一場(chǎng)精彩的電影。Pol

12、luted =Having been polluted seriously, the water in the river was not safe to drink.但是假如強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生在句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前或強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞動(dòng)作持續(xù)發(fā)生屢次發(fā)或持續(xù)一段時(shí)間還是習(xí)慣采用如今分詞的被動(dòng)完成式having been done 作狀語(yǔ)，但終歸區(qū)別還是不大。Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistakes. 盡管被告訴了屢次，他還是犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤。三、動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義在want，need，require，deserve

13、等動(dòng)詞之后作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)意義。 在beworth后面只能用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)態(tài)來(lái)表示被動(dòng)意義。His suggestion is worth considering. 在allow，advise，forbid，permit等動(dòng)詞后直接跟動(dòng)名詞形式作賓語(yǔ)，假如后面有名詞或代詞作賓語(yǔ)，其后用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如：We dont allow smoking here. 我們不允許在這兒抽煙We dont allow students to smoke here. 我們不允許學(xué)生抽煙1. 2019北京高考The film star wears sunglasses. Theref

14、ore, he can go shopping without .A. recognizingB. being recognizedC. Having recognizedD. Having been recognized答案: B解析: without 是介詞，后要接動(dòng)名詞，又由于recognize與邏輯主語(yǔ)he的關(guān)系是被動(dòng)，所以選B。2. 2019浙江高考Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it live is quite another.A. performB. performingC. to performD.

15、being performed答案: D解析: 此題可以判斷perform與邏輯主語(yǔ)it 的關(guān)系是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，作hear的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，所以選D。3. 2019浙江奉化高三Almost everyone of the graduates wants to deliver the keynote speech at the graduation ceremony, because for the speaker, is an honor.A. invitedB. being invitedC. be invitedD. inviting答案: B解析: 成分應(yīng)該填主語(yǔ)的，所以要用動(dòng)名詞，與邏輯主語(yǔ)t

16、he speaker是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以選C。4. 2019浙江溫州十校聯(lián)考 He claimed in the supermarket when he was doing shopping yesterday. A. To have been badly treatedB. Treating badlyC. To be treated badlyD. Being badly treated答案: D解析: 邏輯主語(yǔ)he與treat是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，時(shí)間關(guān)系是同時(shí)發(fā)生，所以選D。5. 2019浙江溫州高二下_ from other continents for millions of years, Au

17、stralia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.A. Being separatedB. Having separatedC. Having been separatedD. To be separated答案: C解析: for加一段時(shí)間標(biāo)志要用如今完成時(shí)，與邏輯主語(yǔ)間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的關(guān)系是伴隨。根底演練1. _ in a famous university is what most students wish for. A.To educateB. EducatedC.

18、Being educatedD. Educating2. _ into a famous university made his parents happy.A. Tom was admittedB. Tom be admitted C. If Tom was admittedD. Toms being admitted3. _ in a heavy traffic jam in a taxi while you are hurrying to the airport is quite an unpleasant experience. A.Having caughtB. Being caug

19、ht C. CaughtD. having been caught 4. - What in the world put you in a really bad mood ?- _ in the traffic for hours. A. StuckB. Being stuckC. To be stuckD. Sticking5. - What made Bill so angry?- _. His girlfriend promised to come at 8:30, but she hasnt come yet.A. Having kept waitingB. Being kept wa

20、iting C. To be kept waitingD. Being kept waitedKey: 1-5CDBBB穩(wěn)固進(jìn)步6. I hear theyve promoted Tom, but he didnt mention _ when we talked on the phone.A. to promoteB. having been promotedC. having promotedD. to be promoted7. The discovery of new evidence led to _.A. the thief having caughtB. catch the th

21、iefC. the thief being caughtD. the thief to be caught8. Do you mind _ alone at home?A. Jane leavingB. Jane having left C. Janes being leftD. Jane to be left9. While shopping, people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont really need.A. to persuadeB. PersuadingC. being persuadedD. be p

22、ersuaded10. China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from _ in the South China Sea. A. AttackingB. having attackingC. being attackedD. having been attacked 11. Tony was very unhappy for _ to the party. A. having not been invitedB. not hav

23、ing invited C. having not invitedD. not having been invited12. In the face of the big fire in October in California, many people in the fire-stricken areas moved out _.A. to escape burningB. to escape being burnedC. escaping burnedD. escaping from burning13. She insisted _ to Miami for her summer va

24、cation though it would cost much money. A. on takingB. on being takenC. to takeD. to be taken14. He has always insisted on his _ Dr. Turner instead of Mr. Turner.A. CalledB. having calledC. being calledD. having been called15. Sometimes new ideas have to be tested many times before _. A. being fully

25、 acceptedB. accepted fully C. fully been acceptedD. fully acceptedKey: 6-10 BCCCC 10-15 DBBCA1. While were developing agriculture and industry, we must prevent the earth_.A. from pollutingB. PollutedC. PollutingD. being polluted2. What worried the child most was _ to visit his mother in the hospital

26、.A. his not allowingB. his not being allowed C. his being not allowedD. having not been allowed3. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks _ could be heard outside the classroom.A. opened and closedB. to be opened and closed C. being opened and closedD. to open and close4. The building _ in our

27、 school is for us teachers. Though theres noise most of the day, we still feel happy about it.A. BuildB. having been builtC. to be builtD. being built5. If I criticize someone, I will do it with great patience as if I were the one _ . A. to criticizeB. CriticizingC. having criticizingD. being critic

28、ized6. The building _ will be completed in a month. It will be our lab building.A. to paintB. being paintedC. to have paintedD. painted7. The well was found _ when we got there.A. DiggingB. to be dugC. to digD. being dug8. _to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.A. Having been aske

29、dB. To ask C. Having askedD. To be asked9. _ around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Birds Nest for the 2019 Olympic Games.A. Having shownB. To be shown C. Having been shownD. To show10. _ many times, he finally understood it.A. ToldB. TellingC. Having toldD. Having been told11. _ from

30、other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.A. Being separatedB. Having separatedC. Having been separatedD.To be separated12. The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent _ at the end of last

31、March.A. has been launchedB. having been launchedC. being launchedD. to be launched 13. _ for two weeks, the village is in short of food.A. To floodB. Having floodedC. Having been floodedD.being flooded 14. I want to have my hair _, because it wants _. A. cut; cuttingB. being cut; being cutC. cut; b

32、eing cutD. cut; to cut 15. I still remember _ chess in class by my teacher about twenty years ago.A. to be caught to playB. be caught playing C.catching playD.being caught playingKey: 1-5 DBCDD6-10 BDACD11-15 VBCCD_1. 單項(xiàng)選擇1. - Did you have a good time at the party? - Thanks. I appreciated _ to your

33、home.A. to be invitedB. being invited C. to have invitedD. having invited2. No one can prevent the plan _ .A. from carrying outB. to be carded out C. being carded outD. to carry out3. The bird was lucky that it just missed _ .A. CatchingB. being caught C. to be caughtD. to catch4. Most of the artist

34、s _ to the party were from South Africa.A. InvitedB. to inviteC. being invitedD. had been invited5. _ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to ones skin.A. ExposedB. Having exposedC. Being exposedD. After being exposed6. He has always insisted on his _ Dr. Turner instead of Mr. Turner.A. been c

35、alledB. being called C. having calledD. called7. While shopping, people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont _ really need.A. to persuadeB. persuading C. being persuadedD. be persuaded8. Little Jim should love _ to the theatre, but his father refused him because it was late.A. to be

36、 takenB. to take C. being takenD. taking9. The well was found _ when we got there.A. DiggingB. to be dugC. to digD. being dug10. _ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police. A. Having lostB. LostC. Being lostD. LosingKey: 1-5BCBAC6-10BCADB 二. 完形填空閱讀下面短文，從短文

37、后所給各題的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)A、B、C和D中，選出可以填入空白處的最正確選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Passing Your Love OnWaiting for the airplane to take off, I was happy to get a seat by myself. Just then, an air hostess approached me and asked, “Would you mind 1 your seat? A couple would like to sit together. The only 2 seat was next to a girl with h

38、er arms in casts石膏繃帶, a black-and-blue face, and a sad 3 . “No way am I going to sit there, I thought immediately. But a soft voice spoke, “She needs help. Finally, I 4 to move to that seat.The girl was named Kathy. She had been in a car accident and 5 was on her way for 6 .When the snack and juice

39、arrived, it did not take me long to 7 that Kathy would not be able to 8 herself. I considered 9 to feed her but hesitated, as it seemed too10 to offer a service to a 11 . But then I realized that Kathys need was more12 than my discomfort. I offered to help her eat, and 13 she was uncomfortable to ac

40、cept, she 14 as I expected. We became closer and closer in a short period of time. By the end of the five-hour trip, my heart had 15 , and the time was really 16 spent than if I had just sat by myself.I was very glad I had reached 17 my comfort zone to sit next to Kathy and feed her. Love 18 flows b

41、eyond human borders and removes the fears that keep us 19 . When we stretch to serve another, we grow to live 20 a larger and more rewarding world.1. A. leaving B. changingC. takingD. giving2. A. comfortableB. suitable C. available D. favorable3. A. heartB. expression C. action D. thought4. A. decid

42、ed B. wanted C. regrettedD. promised5. A. immediatelyB. lately C. recently D. now6. A. treatment B. travel C. pleasure D. business 7. A. know B. say C. realize D. recognize8. A. eat B. feed C. choose D. support9. A. offering B. needing C. stopping D. trying10. A. impolite B. far C. close D. fast11.

43、A. girl B. neighbor C. passenger D. stranger12. A. unusual B. direct C. important D. shameful13. A. when B. although C. since D. as14. A. refused B. wondered C. cried D. did15. A. warmed B. jumped C. broken D. cheered16. A. good B. worse C. better D. bad17. A. below B. through C. across D. beyond78.

44、 A. seldom B. never C. hardly D. sometimes19. A. separate B. independent C. silent D. upset20. A. of B. in C. at D. forKey: 1-5 BCBAD 6-10 ACBAA 11-15 DCBDA16-20 CDDAB3. 閱讀理解During an exhibition show the skills of disabled people, an armless man used his mouth and feet to repair a watch. He complete

45、d the task in just a few minutes at the show, which was held in Beijing last Saturday. Just imagine the tiny parts that make up a watch. You have to wonder how the disabled man developed such a skill.It was reported that 28-year-old Wang Jianghai lost his arms in an accident when he was five and beg

46、an learning to repair watches at the age of 17. He has repaired more than 10,000 watches in the past 11 years. What strong self-confidence he must have to overcome the difficulties in getting this skill! What optimism he must have to face the unfairness of his hard life! And what strong determinatio

47、n he must have to go through the hardship in his struggle for a normal life! Such confidence, optimism and willpower are exactly the qualities many physically healthy people lack nowadays. Wang has set a good example for young people. But todays youth seem to be more interested with their TV stars a

48、nd pop singers but less interested in learning from the examples of working and studying hard to achieve higher goals. . That is undoubtedly the result of the influence of a changing social atmosphere. One must admit that there is a trend towards hedonism in our society. People are increasingly more concerned about material gains than about spiritual pursuits. Wh