形容詞和副詞用法

1、 形容詞和副詞一、形容詞用來修飾名詞，表示人或事物的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征的詞，叫形容詞。形容詞的作用，如：作 用例 句定 語You can see a lot of beautiful flowers in the garden.表 語Your coat is too small.賓語補(bǔ)足語The old woman keeps everything clean and tidy.注意：有些形容詞只能作表語，如：alone, afraid, asleep, ill等。例如：Don't wake the sleeping baby up. He is asleep.The old man i

2、s alone. The boy is ill.形容詞用來修飾something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代詞，要放在這些詞的后面。例如：You'd better tell us something interesting.The police found nothing strange in the room.多個形容詞做定語時排列的先后順序是：1）冠詞或人稱代詞 2）數(shù)詞 3）性質(zhì) 4）大小 5）形狀 6）表示老少，新舊 7）顏色 8）事務(wù)、質(zhì)地、人的國籍、用途。例如：His grandpa still lives in this smal

3、l short house. 他爺爺還住在這個矮小的房子里。The woman bought two beautiful Chinese plates. 那個婦女買了兩個漂亮的中國盤子。形容詞名詞化：有些形容詞前加定冠詞后變成名詞，表示一類人，謂語常用復(fù)數(shù)。這類詞有：rich / poor; good / bad ; young / old ; healthy / ill ; living / dead ; black / white (表示人種等)。例如：The young should take good care of the old.年輕人應(yīng)該好好照顧老人。The rich never

4、 help the poor in this country.在這個國家，富人從來不幫助窮人。表示數(shù)量的詞組。如：One day, a young man, twenty-five years old, came to visit the professor.有一天，一位25歲的年輕人來拜訪這位教授。I live in a building about fifty meters high.我住在一做大約50米高的大樓里。形容詞短語做定語時要后置。如：They are the students easy to teach.他們是很容易教的學(xué)生。We live in a house much la

5、rger than yours.我們住的房子比你們的大得多。else要放在疑問代詞或復(fù)合不定詞之后。如：Did you see anybody else?你看到別的人了嗎？二、副詞英語中副詞的位置和漢語不盡相同，它的位置比較靈活。通常用作狀語修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞等。下面來介紹一下副詞的分類方法：多數(shù)副詞都可以放在它所修飾的動詞后面。如： We are living happily. 我們幸福的生活著。He runs slowly. 他跑的很慢。時間副詞（now, today, tomorrow, yesterday, before, late, early等）、地點(diǎn)副詞（here, ther

6、e, inside, outside, home, upstairs, downstairs, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere, somewhere, down, up, off, on, in, out等）和方式副詞（anxiously, badly, bravely, calmly, carefully, proudly, rapidly, suddenly, successfully, angrily, happily, slowly, warmly, well, fast, slow, quick, hard, alone, high, straight,

7、wide等）一般放在句末。如：They went to the park yesterday morning. 昨天上午他們?nèi)ス珗@了。I heard him sing English songs over there. 我聽見他在那邊唱英語歌曲。He drove the jeep carefully. 他小心地開著吉普。注意： 有時表示時間的副詞也可放在句首，起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。如：Yesterday I got up late. 昨天我起床很晚。頻度副詞（ever, never, always, sometimes, usually, often, seldom等）一般放在be動詞、情態(tài)動詞及第一個

8、助動詞之后，實(shí)義動詞之前如：He is seldom ill. 他很少生病。 You must always remember this. 你一定要記住這一點(diǎn)。 I often write to my parents. 我經(jīng)常寫信給父母。 Do you usually go to school on foot. 你經(jīng)常走路去上學(xué)？ He has never been to Beijing. 他從來沒有去過北京。注意： 有時為了加強(qiáng)語氣，頻度副詞也可放在句首。如：Sometimes she goes to school by bus and sometimes she goes to schoo

9、l by bike.有時她乘公共汽車上學(xué)，有時騎自行車去。程度副詞（much, (a) little, a bit, very, so, too, enough, quite, rather, pretty, greatly, completely, nearly, almost, deeply, hardly等）修飾動詞時，與頻度副詞相同，修飾形容詞和副詞時，放在它所修飾的詞前面。但enough作名詞用時，放在名詞之前，作副詞用時，通常放在被修飾詞的后面。如：That's quite early.那很早。I nearly missed the bus.我?guī)缀蹂e過了公交車。She di

10、d rather badly.她干得相當(dāng)糟。否定副詞一般放在動詞之前、系動詞be或助動詞之后。如：She seldom goes out at night. 她晚上很少出門。I am never late for school.我上學(xué)從不遲到。We had hardly got to the station when the train left.火車離開時, 我們差不多/幾乎到了車站。疑問副詞（how, when, where, why等）放在特殊疑問句的句首。如：When can you come?你什么時候來？How many days are there in a month?一個月有

11、多少天？What are you going to do when you grow up?張大以后，你打算干什么？Where were you born?你是在那里出生的？Why didn't he come?他為什么沒有來？關(guān)系副詞when, where, why 引導(dǎo)定語從句時，位于從句之前、所修飾的詞之后。如：Tell me the reason why you did it.把你這樣做的理由告訴我。It's the sort of day when you'd like to stay in bed.這是個令人戀床不起的日子。I don't know

12、the place where we will go.我不知道我們將要去的地方。同時存在時間狀語和地點(diǎn)狀語時，時間狀語一般放在后面。如：The meeting will be held in the classroom tomorrow.明天會議將在教室里舉行。He watched TV in his room last night.他作晚在房間里看電視。They arrived in Beijing at 8 o'clock last evening.他們昨天晚上8:00到達(dá)北京。注：有些詞既可用做形容詞也可做副詞。如：late, wide, well, fast, easy, ea

13、rly 等The road is so wide that 8 buses can go throw it at a time.Open your mouth wide.三、形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級(一)形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級的變化方法如下：1) 符合規(guī)則的：情 況加 法例 詞一 般 情 況直接加 -er ; -esttall-taller-tallest以e結(jié)尾的詞加 r ; -stnice-nicer-nicest以“輔音+y”結(jié)尾的詞變y為i,再加-er ; -estdry-drier-driestheavy-heavier-heaviest以重讀閉音節(jié)一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的詞雙寫

14、該輔音字母，再加-er ; -estthin-thinner-thinnest多音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)單詞在詞前加 more ; mostmore deliciousmost delicious2）幾個不規(guī)則的形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級如下：原 級比較級最高級good / well betterbestbad / badly/ ill worse worstmany / muchmoremostlittleless leastfarfarther / furtherfarthest / furthestold older/elder oldest/eldest2）形容詞和副詞的原級、比較級和最高級

15、表達(dá)法如下表:級別比較程度表達(dá)方式和意義例 句備 注原  級同等程度肯定形式as+原級+as(像一樣)Art is as interesting as music.Play as well as you can. 否定形式not + so (as) +原級+as(不如那樣)English is not so difficult as science.She does not study so well as I do. 比較級不同程度（用于兩者比較）比較級+than(比)Jim is older than Michael.I like pork bett

16、er than beef.比較級前面可以加同much, far, even, still, a lot, a little, a bit等程度加深比較級+and+比較級（越來越）The + 比較級，the + 比較級（越, 越）He is growing taller and taller.He studies better and better.The more books she reads, the better she understand. 最高級最高程度（用于三者或三者以上）The +最高級+of (in)(最)Spring is the best season of t

17、he year.Lin Tao jumped (the) farthest of all.副詞最高級前面的the 往往省略注意：有些形容詞，如 dead, empty, round, sure, woolen 等受本身含義的限制，沒有比較級。有些形容詞和副詞的比較等級用-er, -est或者more, most皆可，如clever, lovely等。表示“較不-”和“最不-”時，可用less和least.difficult-less difficult-least difficultinteresting-less interesting-least interesting(二)形容詞和副詞原

18、級的用法(1)原級的基本用法句型:主語+謂語動詞+as+原級+as+比較對象 (前者與后者一樣.) 主語+.not + as /so+原級+as+比較對象 (前者不如后者那么.) The coat is as old as that one . The weather in Beijing is not as/so hot as that in Shanghai . (2)原級的特殊用法 1)表示"是.的幾倍". 句型: .times +as +原級 + as . This house is three times as large as that one . He can

19、 run five three times as fast as his brother. 2)表示".的一半.". 句型: .half as +原級 + as . My money is not half as much as yours. 3)表示"盡可能.". 句型: .as + 原級 + as possible/one can. We should get up as early as possible/we can.選擇最佳答案填空：( )1. She isnt so at maths as you are.A. well B. good C.

20、 better D. best ( )2. Peter writes of the three. A. better B. best C. good D. well( )3. It's such an _ film that all the students are _ in it.A. interesting; interested B. interested; interestingC. interesting; interesting D. interested; interested; interested( )4. We don't have _ every day.

21、A. a lot of school works B. many school workC. any school works D. much school work( )5. _ children there are in family,_ their life will be.A. The less; the better B. The fewer; the betterC. Fewer; richer D. More; poorer( )6. Most of the people in Guangdong are getting _.A. more and more rich B. mo

22、re rich and more richC. richer and richer D. richer and richest( )7. Which lesson is _, this one or that one?A. difficult B. much difficult C. more difficult D. the most difficult( )8. _ is it from our school to Laibin?A. How long B. How far C. How often D. How much( )9. In our city, it is _ in July

23、, but it is even _ in August.A. hotter; hottest B. hot; hot C. hotter; hot D. hot; hotter( )10. This pencil is _ that one.A. so long as B. as longer as C. longer than D. not as longest as( )11. This box is _ heavy _ I can't carry it.A. too, to B. so, that C. very, that D. too, that( )12. India has the second _ population in the world.A. larger B. most C. smallest D. largest( )13. I have _ to do today. A. anything important B. something important C. important nothing D. important something( )14. Jone looks so _ today because she