過去分詞作賓語補足語

1、概念引入上個單元我們學(xué)習(xí)了過去分詞作表語和定語的用法?，F(xiàn)在我們繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)過去分詞作賓語補足語?？催@些句子：1. Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well.2. Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful government.3. You find most of t

2、he population settled in the south.4. They found the window broken.5. ., so Pingyu had a photo taken standing on either side of the line.這些句子中的黑體部分都是過去分詞作賓語補足語。用法講解什么是賓語補足語英語中一些動詞除需要一個賓語外，還需有賓語補足語句子意義才完整，這樣就構(gòu)成了英語的六種基本句型（見【補充】）中的“主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補足語”句型。賓語與賓語補足語之間在邏輯上是主謂關(guān)系?？勺餮a足語的結(jié)構(gòu)有名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、動詞-ing形式、

3、過去分詞、不定式等。賓語和其賓語補足語也被稱為復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。1. 作補足語的詞語：1）We consider him (to be) a good teacher. 我們認為他是一個好老師。 （名詞短語作賓語補足語，相當(dāng)于省略了to be）2）I find learning English difficult. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)英語很難。 （形容詞作賓語補足語） 3）I saw the kite up and down. 我看見風(fēng)箏飛上飛下。 （副詞作賓語補足語） 4）When he woke up, he found himself in a strange place. 他醒來時發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在一個陌生的地

4、方。 （介詞短語作賓語補足語）5）Tom made the girl cry. 湯姆把女孩弄哭了。 (省略不定式符號to的動詞不定式）6）The father found his son playing in his room. 父親發(fā)現(xiàn)兒子在房間里玩。 （動詞-ing形式做賓語補足語）7）The soft music makes us relaxed. 這首柔美的音樂使我們放松了。 （過去分詞作賓語補足語）【補充】英語的六種基本句型：英語的最基本的句型有6種，其他的句子都是由這6種句型轉(zhuǎn)換來的。1）主語謂語Great changes have taken place in my hometo

5、wn. 主語 謂語2）主語+系動詞+表語The work seemed difficult to us.主語 系動詞 表語3）主語+謂語+賓語Farmers in our area grow lots of vegetables.主語 謂語賓語4）主語+謂語+賓語+賓語Our hotel serves youbreakfast in your room. 主語 謂語 賓語賓語 （間接） （直接）5）主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補足語They saw little Tom being punished by his parents.主語 謂語 賓語 賓語補足語6）There be結(jié)構(gòu)There is

6、a small village below the mountain.謂語 主語注意：沒有劃線的部分是定語或者狀語，如“in my hometown”是地點狀語，而修飾名詞“Farmers”后的“in our area”是定語。2. 賓語補足語與賓語有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系1）They named the black dog Arrow. 他們命名這只黑狗“Arrow”。 我們可以說“The little dog is Arrow.”，所以賓語the little dog和補足語Arrow是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系2）I noticed a little girl drawing under the tre

7、e. 我注意到一個小女孩在樹下畫畫。 （小女孩在畫畫，即賓語補足語的動作是女孩做的，賓語與補足語是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，而且是主動的，用動詞-ing形式作賓語補足語）3）We should keep him informed of what is going on here. 我們必須讓他了解這里發(fā)生的事。 （他被告知某事，說明賓語“他”與補足語“告知”是被動的主謂關(guān)系，也稱為“動賓關(guān)系，即動詞及其賓語的關(guān)系”，用過去分詞作賓語補足語）3. 主語補足語含有賓語補足語的句子變成被動句時，原來的賓語補足語就變成了主語補足語。He was found sleeping under the tree. 他

8、被發(fā)現(xiàn)正在樹下睡覺。（補充說明主語，與主語之間有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，是主語補足語）4. 介詞的賓語補足語有些介詞的賓語有時也需有補足語，構(gòu)成介詞賓語的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。We were all excited, with the bonfire burning late into the night.篝火一直燒到深夜，我們都很興奮。（burning作介詞with的賓語the bonfire的補足語）過去分詞作賓語補足語的意義過去分詞作賓語補足語，說明賓語的狀態(tài)或性質(zhì)，賓語是其邏輯主語，一般是過去分詞動作的承受者，即邏輯上的被動關(guān)系。1）I saw his eyes fixed on me with cur

9、iosity. 我看見他的眼睛盯著我，充滿了好奇。解析：過去分詞fixed的用法是易錯處。fix譯成“盯著”，一些同學(xué)會誤認為“眼睛正盯著”為什么用fixed，而不用fixing呢？實際上，應(yīng)該是“I fixed my eyes on.”，即“我讓我的眼睛盯著.”，所以變成被動時應(yīng)該是“My eyes are fixed on.”，所以用過去分詞作賓語補足語，表示被動。另外，這里過去分詞不表示完成的動作，而表示狀態(tài)。再如：The glass is broken.此句中broken表示摔碎的狀態(tài)。還要注意不能用being fixed，因為being fixed表示瞬間的動作，而沒有表示出過程。2

10、）We want the work finished by Saturday. 我們想要工作周六前完成。解析：想要工作被完成，用finished。要分析賓語與補足語間的主被動關(guān)系。3）She heard the front door shut. 她聽見前門被關(guān)上了。解析：shut的三個形式（原形、過去式、過去分詞）一樣，此處shut是過去分詞，因為是人關(guān)上了門。4）We found the house deserted. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)這所房子被廢棄了。解析：desert 意為“拋棄、遺棄”，Somebody deserts the house. 因此是.the house deserted.5）I

11、 felt myself called upon to do something to help.我感覺我被召喚著要做點事情來幫忙。解析：我感覺我自己被別人或者一種神秘的力量感召著，來做事情。因此是“被叫”。從上述的例子來看，作賓語補足語的過去分詞大多數(shù)來自及物動詞，強調(diào)被動或完成。但也有少數(shù)來自不及物動詞，強調(diào)動作完成后的狀態(tài)。What are you going to do with everyone gone? 大家都走了，你怎么辦？能接過去分詞作賓語補足語的動詞1. 表示感覺或心理狀態(tài)的動詞，如：see, hear, feel, watch, notice；think（認為）, con

12、sider, find等We saw the thief caught by the police. 我看見小偷被警察抓住了。We thought the game lost. 我們認為球賽輸了。2. 表示“致使”或“保持某狀態(tài)”意義的動詞，如：make, get, have, keep, leave等。Dont leave such an important thing undone. 不要讓這么重要的事沒有人做。He had his hat blown away on his way home. 在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了。3. 表示“希望、要求、命令”等動詞，如：want, wish,

13、 like, expect, order等I want the house white-washed before we move in. 我想要房子在我搬進去之前粉刷完。He wont like such questions discussed at the meeting.他不喜歡在會上討論這樣的問題。過去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞和不定式作賓語補足語的區(qū)別1）過去分詞作賓補：與賓語之間是被動關(guān)系，其動作通常先于謂語動詞完成。2）現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補：與賓語之間是主動關(guān)系，其動作與謂語動詞同時進行。3）不定式作賓補：表示一個完成的動作或看到、聽到或感覺到的具體動作的過程。I saw him opening

14、the window. 我看見他正在開窗。（強調(diào)正在，且賓語做了開窗的動作）I saw the window opened. 我看見窗戶被打開了。（完成，被動）I saw him open the window. 我看見他打開了窗戶。（看到賓語開窗的全過程） 注意：1. 有些動詞后必須接to do sth. 作賓語補足語：如order, advise, persuade, warn, encourage, get, cause等。I encouraged her to work hard and  try for the examinations.我鼓勵她用功并為這次考試做

15、出努力。2. 感官動詞（如see，notice，watch，discover等）和使役動詞（make, have, let等）一般接省略to的不定式作賓語補足語，但是變成被動語態(tài)時，需帶to。 The girl was made to practise the piano for three hours every day.這個女孩每天要練三個小時鋼琴。重點句型1. have 賓語過去分詞have sth. done1）表示“要別人做某事”，此時可以用get代替have。 Youd better have that tooth filled. 你最好把那顆牙補補。 We must h

16、ave this note sent to them right today. 我們今天就得派人把這個通知送交給他們。2）表示“遭遇某種（不幸的）事情”，不能用get代替have。 Last week we had all our windows broken by the naughty boys. 上周我們所有的窗戶都被淘氣的孩子們打碎了。 I had my hand burned in the fire. 我的手被火燒傷了。3）完成某事（自己也可能參與） I have had all my spelling mistakes corrected. 我把所有的拼寫錯誤都改正了。拓展：1)

17、have sb. do sth. 讓某人做某事 I had Mary clean my bedroom yesterday. 昨天我讓瑪麗打掃了我的臥室。2）have sb./ sth. doing讓某人一直做某事，（否定句中）容忍某人做某事 He had us laughing during the lunchtime. 在午飯期間，他讓我們一直笑個不停。 I wont have you talking to your parents like this. 我不許你對父母這樣講話。2. get 賓語過去分詞get sth. done表示“要別人做某事”，可以與have互換。We have h

18、ad got the TV repaired. 我們已經(jīng)請人把電視機修好了。Lets get this work done, and then we can go out.我們先把這工作做完，就可以出去了。拓展：get sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事。注意不省略to。I got him to agree to the plan.我使他同意了這個計劃。3. “with +賓語+過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)with sth. done過去分詞用作介詞with的賓語補足語, 注意賓語與補足語之間是被動關(guān)系。With all the things she needed bought, she went

19、home happily.買完所有需要的東西，她高興地回家了。With the matter settled, we all went home.事情得到解決,我們都回家了。拓展：“with/ without +賓語+賓語補足語”結(jié)構(gòu)with/ without后面除了接過去分詞作賓語補足語外，也可以接現(xiàn)在分詞、不定式、形容詞、介詞短語等作賓語補足語。這一結(jié)構(gòu)通常在句中作時間、條件、原因、伴隨等狀語或定語。例如：1）She came into the room，with her nose red because of cold.（伴隨狀語） 她走了進來，鼻子凍得紅紅的。2）With the me

20、al over，we all went home.（時間狀語） 聚餐結(jié)束了，我們都回了家。3）The teacher was walking up and down with the ruler in his hand.（伴隨狀語） 老師走來走去，手里拿著尺子。4）He could not finish the work without me to help him.（條件狀語） 如果我不去幫他，他不會完成工作。5）She fell asleep with the light burning.（伴隨狀語） 他睡著了，燈還亮著。6）Without anything left in the cup

21、board，she went out to get something to eat.（原因狀語） 柜櫥里什么也沒有剩下，她出去弄點東西吃。7）A little boy with two of his front teeth missing ran into the house. （定語） 一個少了兩顆門牙的男孩兒跑進屋里。注意：在with/without的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補，表示主動，但不定式表示將要發(fā)生的動作，而現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在發(fā)生的動作；過去分詞表示被動或完成。如上面句子中第4）句，to help的動作還未發(fā)生；第5）句，他睡覺時燈正亮著；而第6）句left表示被剩下，而

22、且強調(diào)“剩下”的動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生。鞏固練習(xí).用動詞的正確形式填空：1. Have you got a map to show me? Im _ （puzzle）.2. Did he have his wallet _ (steal) last Friday？3. When I got to the supermarket, I found it _ (close).4. He found his wife _ (cook) in the kitchen when he woke up at five.5. He watched the bed _ (carry) out of the room.6

23、. She doesnt want her daughter _ (take) out after dark.7. When will you have your eyes _ (examine)?8. My mother got me _ (check) all the homework I did last night.9. With the boy _ ( lead) the way，we will find the house easily tomorrow.10. I can hear the windows _ (beat) by the heavy rain.11. Tom ha

24、s been away from home for two years, leaving his room _ (cover) with dust.12. Why do you leave the baby _ (cry) there?13. I have to leave my house early _ (catch) the early bus.14. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ (smoke) in the kitchen.15. The managers discussed the plan that they

25、would like to see _ (carry) out the next year.根據(jù)漢語意思，在空格處填入恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~。1. 我將隨時向你報告有關(guān)我們實驗的重要的進展。Ill _ about the breakthrough in our experiment.2. 他醒來結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)他的汽車被偷了。He woke up only to _.3. 在這個發(fā)達的國家里，你很少聽到有人講臟話。You seldom hear rude words _ in this _country.4. 他提高嗓音以便使別人能夠聽見他說話。He raised his voice so as to _.5. 他

26、匆忙離開家，留下很多事沒做。He left home in a hurry, _ many things _.6. 回來時，他很驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)房間被徹底的打掃了，一切都布置得井井有條。On his return, he was very _to find his room thoroughly _and everything _in good order.7. 明天我將請人把門油漆一下。Ill _ tomorrow.8. 你會發(fā)現(xiàn)到處都在議論這個話題。Youll _ everywhere.9. 據(jù)說這本書是他在40多歲時寫的。The book is said _ in his forties.10

27、. 在放學(xué)回家途中，她非常恐懼的看到路邊有一條被打死的蛇。On his way home from school, she was _ to see a snake _to death by the road.單項選擇。1. The murderer was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back.A. being tied B. having tiedC. to be tied D. tied2. The next morning she found the man _ in bed, dead.A. lying B. lie C. lay

28、D. laying3. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _, he gladly accepted it.A. finished B. finishing C. having finishedD. was finished4. Did Peter fix the computer himself?He _, because he doesnt know much about computers.A. has it fixed B. had fixed it C. had it fixed D. fixed it5

29、. Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English _in a short period.A. improved B. improving C. to improve D. improve6. Even the best writers sometimes found themselves _ for words.A. lose B. lost C. to lose D. having lost7. A good story does not necessarily have to h

30、ave a happy ending, but the reader must not be left_.A. unsatisfiedB. unsatisfying C. to be unsatisfying D. being unsatisfied8. Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had _ went wrong again.A. it B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired9. Excuse me, sir, where is Roo

31、m 301? Just a minute. Ill have Bob _ you to your room.A. show B. shows C. to show D. showing10. When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there _ for a space flight.A. training B. being trained C. to have trained D. to be trained11. Come on, please give me some ideas about the project. Sorry

32、. With so much work _ my mind, I almost break down.A. filled B. filling C. to fill D. being filled12. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, _ in the natural light during the day.A. to let B. letting C. let D. having let13. My parents have always made me _ about mys

33、elf, even when I was twelve.A. feeling well B. feeling good C. feel well D. feel good14. With a lot of difficult problems _, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled15. Why did you go back to the shop?I left my friend _ there.A. waiting B

34、. to wait C. wait D. waits16. At last, we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and _ down to eat our picnic lunch.Asitting B. having sat C. to sit D. sat17. He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them _ in his lectures.A. interested B. interesting C

35、. interest D. to interest18. Helen had to shout _ above the sound of music.A. making herself hearB. to make herself hearC. making herself heard D. to make herself heard19. After watching those young boys thrilling performances of bicycles, I found myself _.A. astonishing B. astonished C. to be aston

36、ished D. having astonished20. He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting21. The result of the entrance exams was not made _ to the public until last Thursday.A. knowing B. known C. to know D. to be known22. You must get th

37、e work _ before Friday.A. do B. to do C. doing D. done23. They woke up _ everything around _.A. to find; changed B. to find; changing C. found; changedD. finding; changing24. If you think hard, you wont have the puzzle _ you.A. puzzle B. puzzles C. puzzled D. to puzzle25. The mother told her little

38、son not to leave his stomach _, saying that it might cause him a stomachache.A. expose B. exposed C. being exposed D. exposing答案與解析 . 用動詞的正確形式填空：1. puzzled。表示心感覺，用過去分詞作表語。2. stolen。have sth. done 遭受某事。3. closed。門是被關(guān)上的，用過去分詞。4. cooking。妻子做飯，主動且正在進行，用-ing形式。5. carried6. taken7. examined8. to check。get

39、 sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事。9. to lead10. beaten11. covered。leave表示“使.處于某種狀態(tài)而不理”，灰塵落滿了房間，the room和cover是被動的，所以用covered。12. crying。“女孩哭”，賓語與賓語補足語是主動關(guān)系，所以用crying。13. to catch。表示目的用不定式。14. smoking。此句是find sb. doing的被動形式。15. carried。注意賓語補足語carried out的賓語是定語從句修飾的plan。句意：經(jīng)理們討論了他們希望下一年將執(zhí)行的計劃。.根據(jù)漢語意思，在空格處填入恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~。

40、1. keep you informed 2. find his car stolen 3. spoken, developed4. make himself heard 5. leaving, undone 6. surprised, cleaned, arranged7. get/have my door painted 8. find the topic being discussed 9. to have been written10. scared/ frightened, beaten.單項選擇。1. D。考查非謂語動詞在with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中的使用。賓語“his hands”與動詞t

41、ie（綁）是被動關(guān)系，用過去分詞作賓語補足語表示狀態(tài)。注意不能用being tied，現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進行的動作，此句中如果用being tied，就表示謀殺犯在走著的時候，一個人正在綁他的手，這種可能性幾乎沒有。2. A。這個人正躺著，是主動關(guān)系，所以用lie（躺著）的現(xiàn)在分詞lying。lay是lie（躺著）的過去式，也是及物動詞lay（放置）的原形，都是謂語形式；laying是lay（放置）的現(xiàn)在分詞形式。3. A。因“工作”與“完成”之間為被動關(guān)系，故finish要用過去分詞作賓語補足語。4. C。根據(jù)對話的最后一句話可知“他對電腦了解不多”，所以他需要請人修理，故用“have sth

42、. done”，再根據(jù)問句的時態(tài)，選C。5. A。指英語水平得到提高，故要用過去分詞表示被動意義，選A。6. B。be lost for words 說不出話來，因為作found的賓語補足語，去掉be，用法相當(dāng)于形容詞。7. A。but后是被動句，所以空中要填的是主語補足語，即要看主語與unsatisfy的關(guān)系；表示人的心感覺，應(yīng)用unsatisfied，意為“（人）感到不滿意”。leave sb. unsatisfied 使某人處于不滿意的狀態(tài)而置之不理。8. C。have sth done 表示“讓別人做某事”。注意she had had是定語從句，被修飾的先行詞the washing machine是have的賓語，而要填的詞是其補足語，所以不能用B，否則it與先行詞the washing machine重復(fù)。不是定語從句時的正常語序是“had had the washing machine repaired”。9