公眾參與論文：西部農(nóng)民參與生態(tài)修復(fù)法律機(jī)制研究

1、公眾參與論文：西部農(nóng)民參與生態(tài)修復(fù)法律機(jī)制研究【中文摘要】我國東部地區(qū)在環(huán)境保護(hù)的理論和實(shí)踐上都有一定的成效,但由于發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略和政策傾向,過去政府把主要的精力放在了東部地區(qū)的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)、環(huán)境整治和保護(hù)上,而忽視了西部地區(qū)尤其是西部農(nóng)村地區(qū)的環(huán)境保護(hù)。隨著我國西部地區(qū)農(nóng)村人口的數(shù)量劇增和經(jīng)濟(jì)的逐步發(fā)展,農(nóng)村的生態(tài)環(huán)境也日益惡化。西部地區(qū)水土流失嚴(yán)重、土地荒漠化速度越來越快,植被破壞程度高。如我國西部的貴州、廣西等喀斯特地質(zhì)為主的地區(qū),土地石漠化已經(jīng)非常嚴(yán)重。貴州省的森林覆蓋率已經(jīng)從建國之初的42%下降到現(xiàn)在的12.6%,每年新增石漠化土地面積達(dá)到了933平方公里,自然生態(tài)環(huán)境遭到了極大破壞。農(nóng)民

2、是我國相對(duì)收入較低的階層,西部的農(nóng)民也是西部地區(qū)最貧困的階層,這些生態(tài)環(huán)境問題嚴(yán)重影響了農(nóng)民的生產(chǎn)、生活質(zhì)量,阻礙了農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,西部地區(qū)的農(nóng)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)條件正被逐步瓦解,因此,修復(fù)受損的農(nóng)村生態(tài)環(huán)境已經(jīng)是刻不容緩。如果這個(gè)問題得不到很好的解決,不僅不利于國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的持續(xù)健康發(fā)展,影響社會(huì)的穩(wěn)定,還會(huì)禍及后代子孫的生存環(huán)境。為了改善西部地區(qū)農(nóng)村的生態(tài)環(huán)境,實(shí)施生態(tài)修復(fù)是行之有效且投入低、見效快的方法。修復(fù)西部地區(qū)的農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)對(duì)整個(gè)西部生態(tài)環(huán)境有著極大地改善作用,也與西部農(nóng)民的生產(chǎn)生活息息相關(guān),但是在生態(tài)修復(fù)項(xiàng)目實(shí)施過程中會(huì)產(chǎn)生諸多問題,對(duì)農(nóng)民現(xiàn)有的生產(chǎn)、生活產(chǎn)生一定的影響,甚至造成一定的矛盾,這時(shí)

3、候不是靠市場調(diào)節(jié)或者政府的行政手段能完全解決的,因此,要將主動(dòng)權(quán)讓渡給農(nóng)民,吸收農(nóng)民參與其中,讓他們參與到生態(tài)修復(fù)的一系列環(huán)節(jié)中來,這會(huì)對(duì)政府和市場觸及不到的領(lǐng)域起到很好的彌補(bǔ)作用,對(duì)構(gòu)建和完善我國環(huán)境保護(hù)公眾參與法律制度具有著重要的意義。西方發(fā)達(dá)國家在這方面有著成功的經(jīng)驗(yàn),由于早期的工業(yè)發(fā)展,單方面的追求經(jīng)濟(jì)效益,完全將生態(tài)環(huán)境置之度外,最后遭到了環(huán)境的報(bào)復(fù),無論經(jīng)濟(jì)還是生態(tài)都遭到了重創(chuàng),此時(shí)他們才開始意識(shí)到生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)的重要性和修復(fù)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的必要性,他們通過法律體系的建設(shè),相關(guān)政策的引導(dǎo),生態(tài)補(bǔ)償措施的完善以及相關(guān)非政府組織的協(xié)助下,積極鼓勵(lì)和引導(dǎo)農(nóng)民參與到生態(tài)修復(fù)中來,收到了良好的效果。

4、公眾參與的基礎(chǔ)是民主與法治,農(nóng)民參與生態(tài)修復(fù)的基礎(chǔ)是村民自治,一個(gè)國家的公眾參與程度越高,參與水平越高,則表明這個(gè)國家的民主和法治的發(fā)展程度越高。因此,西部農(nóng)民參與生態(tài)修復(fù)在一定程度上可以作為衡量我國西部農(nóng)村民主化進(jìn)程和法治建設(shè)的指標(biāo)。農(nóng)民的公共參與的程度和水平越高,西部農(nóng)村的民主和法治化程度越高；如果沒有農(nóng)民的公眾參與,西部農(nóng)村的民主與法治就很難得到實(shí)質(zhì)性的進(jìn)步。盡管我國西部農(nóng)民參與生態(tài)修復(fù)還存在著參與水平不高、代表性不強(qiáng)、參與范圍不明確、信息了解有限以及環(huán)境意識(shí)薄弱等等一系列的問題,但是我們還是應(yīng)當(dāng)在借鑒國外成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,立足自身實(shí)際情況,積極引導(dǎo)農(nóng)民參與其中,這樣才能保證生態(tài)修復(fù)項(xiàng)順

5、利實(shí)施,促使生態(tài)環(huán)境盡快得到修復(fù),更能推動(dòng)西部農(nóng)村地區(qū)民主化與法制化的進(jìn)程。本文包括七個(gè)部分,即引言,正文五部分和結(jié)語。論文的引言部分,介紹了選題意義,有關(guān)本論題的研究現(xiàn)狀、及對(duì)其評(píng)價(jià)。第一部分主要介紹了公眾參與和生態(tài)修復(fù)的基本理論,同時(shí)對(duì)生態(tài)修復(fù)與公眾參與的關(guān)系進(jìn)行論述；第二部分主要介紹了國外農(nóng)民參與生態(tài)修復(fù)的現(xiàn)狀及實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn),并通過對(duì)美、歐、日等西方發(fā)達(dá)國家的情況分析來總結(jié)出值得我國借鑒的經(jīng)驗(yàn)：第三部分主要介紹了我國西部農(nóng)民參與生態(tài)修復(fù)的現(xiàn)狀、主要途徑及重大意義,通過對(duì)西部生態(tài)環(huán)境的惡化情況來體現(xiàn)實(shí)施生態(tài)修復(fù)的必要性,通過分析農(nóng)民參與生態(tài)修復(fù)的現(xiàn)狀來分析其中存在的問題,并且介紹了農(nóng)民參與生態(tài)

6、修復(fù)的一些途徑和參與生態(tài)修復(fù)具有的重大意義；第四部分主要介紹了我國西部農(nóng)民參與生態(tài)修復(fù)的實(shí)踐情況,并且以廣西鹿寨縣生態(tài)修復(fù)為例進(jìn)行了分析與總結(jié)；第五部分主要針對(duì)完善我國西部農(nóng)民參與生態(tài)修復(fù)的法律機(jī)制的合理化建議?！居⑽恼縏here has been a certain theoretical andpractical success in environment protection of Chinese eastern region. Due to the development strategy and policiesorientation, the government paid

7、main attention to theinfrastructure construction, environmental remediation and protection of eastern region, and ignored the environmental protection of western region, especially the western rural areas in the past. Meanwhile, with Chinese western ruralpopulation increasing and economy development

8、, the ecological environment of the rural area is worsening. Soil erosion, land desertification, vegetation destruction are more and moreterrible. Such as in Guizhou and Guangxi which are most karsts areas in the west of china, the land desertification has been very serious. The forest coverage rate

9、 of Guizhou province where the natural ecological environment is deep destructed has dropped to 12.6% from 42% at the beginning of The Founding. And it increases 933 square kilometers rocky desertification land every year. Farmers are Chinese relative lower class of income, and the western farmers a

10、re the poorest class in the western region. All the ecological environment problems seriously impact on the farmers production, quality of life and hinder the development of the rural economy. At present, the western regions agriculture foundation conditions are being gradually collapse; therefore,

11、it is imperative to repair the damaged rural ecological environment. If this problem cannot be well solved, the national economy will not continually and healthily develop, social stability will be influenced, and livingenvironment of future generations will be damaged. In order to improve the weste

12、rn rural ecological environment, ecological remediation is an effective, economize method with quickreturns.To repair the west ecological system of agriculture can greatly improve the whole western ecological environment, and be closely linked of the western farmersproduction and life.But the ecolog

13、ical remediation project implementation will cause many problems which effect farmersexisting production and life. At that moment, the market regulation or government administrative measures cannot fully resolve, therefore, we must assign initiative to farmers, absorb them to participate and let the

14、m involve in a series of ecological restoration, which has a very good offset function of government and market not touching areas, and an important significance to construct and perfect public participation and legal system inenvironmental protection in China. The western developedcountries have su

15、ccessful experience. In order to unilaterally pursue the economic efficiency, they ignored ecologicalenvironment in the early industrial development. They gained the final revenge of the environment, where whatever economic or ecology has been hit. Then, they began to realize the importance of envir

16、onmental protection and necessity of ecological remediation. They actively encourage and guide peasants to participate in ecological restoration through legal system construction, relevant policy guidance, theperfection of ecological compensation measures and assistance of non-governmental organizat

17、ions, which received a goodeffect. Public participation is based on democracy and the ruleof law and the farmers to participate ecological remediation is based on autonomy. The higher degree and level of public participation in the country are the higher degree of the countrys development of democra

18、cy and the rule of law is. Therefore, the western farmers participate in ecologicalremediation in some extent could as an indicators of Chinas western rural democratization process and the rule of law. The degree and level of public participation of farmers are higher, the degree of democracy and th

19、e rule of law of the western rural areas are higher; without peasants publicparticipation, democracy and the rule of law are hard to get substantial progress in the western rural areas. Although the level in participating ecological remediation of our western farmers still is not high, the represent

20、ative weak,participation range unclear, information limited andenvironmental consciousness low and so on, a series of problems, we are still on the basis of actual situation with the reference of foreign successful experience to actively guide farmers to participate. So that, we can guarantee the sm

21、oothimplementation of ecological remediation project, promote the ecological environment as soon as possible, and promote the process of democratization and legalization the rural westernpart of China.This paper consists of seven parts:introduction, body of five parts and epilogue. The introduction

22、describes the significance, status quo, and evaluation of the topic. The first part of the body mainly introduces the publicparticipation and the basic theory of ecological remediation, and discusses the relationship between ecological remediation and public participation; The second part focuses on

23、 the status and experience of foreign farmers to participate in ecological remediation, and sum up the experience worth reference to China through analysis of the situations in the United States, Europe, Japan and other developed Western countries; the third part introduces the status quo, main appr

24、oaches and significance of the participate in ecological remediation of the farmers in western China, to reflect the need for remediation through the deterioration of ecological environment in west, to analyze the existing problems by analyzing the status of farmerparticipation to ecological remedia

25、tion, and describes some of the ways of farmers to participates the ecological remediation and the significance of ecological remediation; fourth part introduces the practice of the farmers in western China to participate in ecological remediation and gives Guangxi Luzhai Countys ecological remediat

26、ion as a case to analyze andsummarize; the fifth part mainly focus on the rationalization proposals of ecological restoration to improve theparticipation of ecological remediation for farmers in western China.【關(guān)鍵詞】公眾參與 西部農(nóng)民 生態(tài)修復(fù) 法律機(jī)制【英文關(guān)鍵詞】public participation Western farmers ecological remediation legal mechanisms【目錄】西部農(nóng)民參與生態(tài)修復(fù)法律機(jī)制研究3-5Abstract5-6目錄7-910-18內(nèi)容摘要引言