牛津譯林版英語8B-Unit7-International-charities-知識點(diǎn)匯編

1、Unit7 International charitiesWelcome to the unit1. You have some pocket money left.你還乘 U余一些零花錢。 注意：left是leave的過去分詞，在此句中做后置定語，修飾 pocket money,意為：剩 下的、沒有用完的。left相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞，放在被修飾的名詞或 anything/nothing/nobody等不定代詞之eg： I have only one food ticket left.There is nothing left in the fridge. leave for動(dòng)身前往leave忘

2、帶，落下，離開2. have a big lunch吃頓豐盛的午餐3. I m too weak to walk any further. 我太虛弱，走不動(dòng)了。 I' m so weak that can' t walk any further.= I ' m not strong enough to wallany further. farther, further這兩個(gè)詞都是far的比較級形式。farther和further都可指具體的距離，即空間時(shí)間上的"較遠(yuǎn)”。Let's not go any farther/further.further還可

3、用于抽象的引申義，如時(shí)間，程度和數(shù)量等，表示進(jìn)一步，更進(jìn)一層”，此時(shí)，不能與farther換用。I may be able to give you some further information about it.The problem will be further discussed at the class meeting.4. help build a better world for everyone幫著為每個(gè)人建立一個(gè)更好的世界a betterworld 一個(gè)更美好的世界5. provide basic education forchildren in poor areas 為貧

4、窮地區(qū)的孩子們提供基礎(chǔ)教育 basic education 基礎(chǔ)教育receive basic education 接受基礎(chǔ)教育6. work for the equal rights of girls and women為女孩和婦女的平等權(quán)利而工作work for為而工作equal rights平等的權(quán)利8. prevent the spread of some serious diseases among young people 預(yù)防年輕人中一些嚴(yán)重疾病 的擴(kuò)散 prevent .(from) doing sth. ; stop .(from) doing sth. ; keep .fr

5、om doing sth.; 均表示 “阻 止做某事”。上述三個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中，在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中 stop與prevent后可省去from ,但在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中不可 省略；而keep .from .中的from在任何情況下都不能省略。The heavy rain prevented us going on, but we didn ' t lose heart.在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中， from 者B不可省。We were prevented by the rain from going there. protect -from/against 表示 ”保護(hù)免受” 例如：Protect children fro

6、m violence9. do a good job干得不錯(cuò)；完成得很好Reading1. an interview with 晶ORBIS doctor 一次對奧比斯醫(yī)生的采訪2. tell us something about blindness告訴我們關(guān)于失明的一些事say, speak, tell, talk 的區(qū)別和用法 say一般作及物動(dòng)詞用，著重說話的內(nèi)容，它的賓語可以是名詞，代詞或賓語從句。eg: He can say his name.他會說他的名字。Please say it in English. 請用英語用。 speak強(qiáng)調(diào)說的動(dòng)作，不強(qiáng)調(diào)所說的內(nèi)容。作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，常以

7、某種語言作賓語。作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，常見的搭配形式有：speak of something/somebody談到某事（某人）speak to sb跟某人講話，此外 speak還可用于在較為正式的場合了表演講或演說。Can you speak Japanese?你會說日語嗎?She is speaking to her teacher.她正在跟她的老師說話。He spoke at the meeting yesterday. 他昨天在會上講了話。 talk 一般為不及物動(dòng)詞，意思是 燹談，談話，著重強(qiáng)調(diào)兩具之間的相互說話。eg: She is talking with Lucy in English

8、.她正在和露茜用英語交談。What are you talkingabout?你們在談?wù)撌裁矗縏he teacher is talking to him.老師正在和他談話。 tell常作及物動(dòng)詞，意為 餅述，告訴，動(dòng)詞常跟雙賓語。tell sb sth = tell sth to sb 告訴某人某事。Did you tell her the news? = Did you tell thenews to her?tell sb to do sth叫某人做某事tell sb not to do sth讓某人不做某事3. have eye problems 有眼疾4. 80 per cent of

9、 these cases 80% 的病例“分?jǐn)?shù)（百分?jǐn)?shù)）+of+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與其中名詞的數(shù)保持一致。如：About 30 percent of the pupils were absent that day.那天大約有 30%勺學(xué)生未到。Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is covered by sea.地球表面的四分之三是海。5. have money for medical treatment medical treatment 醫(yī)療 medical 是 medicine 形 容詞形式，醫(yī)學(xué)的6. Flying Eye

10、 Hospital 眼科飛機(jī)醫(yī)院7. do operations on sb. =operate on sb.給某人做手術(shù)operate 動(dòng)詞， operation 名詞8. be used as a training centre 被用作培訓(xùn)中心9. Many of our patients can ' t afford to go to hospitalgo to hospital 去看病afford sth.買得起某物afford to do sth.負(fù)擔(dān)得起做某事can ' t afford負(fù)擔(dān)不起10. on board 在飛機(jī)（船、火車）上11. learn abo

11、ut eye operations學(xué)習(xí)眼科手術(shù)12. teach them new skills教他們新的技能13. during a visit在一次拜訪中during the last visit在上次的拜訪中14. be proud to do sth 以做某事而自豪be proud of 以為榮pride 是 proud 的名詞形式，be proud of =take pride in15. help people see again幫助人們重見光明16. treat people with eye problems 治療有眼疾的人cure most eye diseases 治愈大多

12、數(shù)眼病cure sb. of sth. 治好某人的病Dr. Ma cured the old man of his blindness.17. carry on working/carry on with our work繼續(xù)開展我們的工作carry on （with sth）繼續(xù)開展，繼續(xù)下去18. Modern medicine is developing quickly.現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)正迅速發(fā)展Develop動(dòng)詞，發(fā)展；加強(qiáng)develop quickly發(fā)展很快development 名詞， 發(fā)展with the development of 隨著-的發(fā)展developed 發(fā)達(dá)的 devel

13、oping 發(fā)展中的 a developed country 個(gè)發(fā)達(dá)國家 a developingcountry 一個(gè)發(fā)展中的國家19. Thank you for your time. 感謝你的時(shí)間。20. cut a person's body open 給某人開刀cut-open 把-切開21. the condition of being unable to see 不能看見東西的狀態(tài)23. get treatment 得到治療hand out 分發(fā)；提出hand inset up建起，設(shè)立22. many more people 更多的人Grammar, integrated

14、 skills and study skills1. hand out leaflets to people向人們分發(fā)傳單上交2. hold a charity show 舉行一次慈善義演3. be set up in Europe 在歐洲建立4. part of the United Nations聯(lián)合國的一部分5. make the world a better place for children 使得世界成為一個(gè)更適合孩子們的地方6. want the children to be healthy 想讓孩子們健康7. raise money by selling Christmas c

15、ards 通過賣圣誕卡片募集錢8. organize some activities 組織些活動(dòng)9. prevent them from gettingillness防止他們得病10. look pale看上去蒼白11. What's the matter (with sb) ?(某人)怎么了?What s wrong with you?I don't feel well.我覺得不舒服12. get toothache 牙疼13. How long have you felt like this?你感覺這樣 /這么不舒服多久了 ？14. have a check檢查一下15.

16、nothing serious沒有什么嚴(yán)重的16. Take this medicine after meals three times a day. 飯后服藥，天三次。17. not-at all 一點(diǎn)也不not-any more= no more 不再18. Will it be a success? Will it be successful? 它將會成功嗎？19. keep asking myself 不斷問我自己再緊張了。21. make a lot of noise發(fā)出很多吵鬧聲 Task1. a secretary of a company 家公司的秘書3. train as a

17、 nurse培訓(xùn)為一名護(hù)士個(gè)舒適的公寓里5. take the plane 乘飛機(jī)有眼疾的窮人重見光明7. make up one ' s mtoddo sth 下定決心做某事 定決心培訓(xùn)當(dāng)護(hù)士20. No time to be nervous any more.沒有時(shí)間22.have to speak loudly不得不大聲說話2. be afraid of flying 害怕飛行4. live in a comfortable flat 住在一幫助患make up her mind to train as a nurse 下6. help poor people with eye

18、problems see againdecide to do sth.8. attend courses 參力口課程9. travel over 300 days a year年中超過300天都在旅游10. get used to travelling by plane 習(xí)慣于乘飛機(jī)旅行11. have as much money as before 和以前有樣多的錢12. She thinks her life is more meaningful. 她認(rèn)為她的人生更有意義。13. used to work on the farm all day 過去常常整日在農(nóng)場上工作14. an off

19、icer 一個(gè)官員15. learn about the conditions of the local people 了 解當(dāng)?shù)厝藗兊那闆r16. enter a school 考入學(xué)校1. especial-especially3. spread-spread-spread5. blind-blindness7. treat-treatment9. hold-held-he ld set-set-set-setting11. operate-operation一、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法：1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成：三.詞形變化2. educate-education4. interview-in

20、terviewer read-reader office-officer6. medicine-medical8. develop-developed-developing-development10. secretary-secretaries12. most-mostlyis / am / are +及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞Our classroom is cleaned everyday.我們教室每天者 B 被打掃。I am asked to study hard.我被告知要努力學(xué)習(xí)。Knives are used for cutting things. 刀是用來切東西的。2 . 一般過去時(shí)的

21、被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成：was / were +及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞A new shop was built last year. 去年修了一座新商店。Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago. 恐龍蛋被放置了彳艮久彳艮久。3 . 一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成：will+ be +及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞A new hospital will be built in our city.我們城市將要修建一家新醫(yī)院。Many more trees will be planted next year. 明年會種更多的樹。4 .現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成：am / is / are + be

22、ing +及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.My bike is being repaired by Tom now.王叔叔正在修理我的自行車。They are planting trees over there. Trees are being planted over there by them.他們在那里種植的樹木。5 .現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成：has / have + been +及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞This book has been translated into many languages. 這本書被翻譯成多種文字。Many

23、man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.在許多國家有許多人造衛(wèi)星被送上了太空。6 .過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成：was/were + being +及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞The boy was being operated on when his parents hurried to the hospital. 當(dāng)他的父母趕至 U醫(yī) 院的時(shí)候這個(gè)男孩正在做手術(shù)。The new road was being made.這條新路正在修筑。7 .過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成：had + been +及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞

24、The classroom hadn ' t been cleaned before the teacher came.在老來之前，教室尚未打 掃。The tickets had been sold out before I came to the cinema.在門票被銷售空前我趕至U了 電影院8 .將來完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成：shall/will + have doneThey will have been married for 20 years by then.屆時(shí)，他們結(jié)婚將滿20 周年。The project will have been completed before M

25、ay. 該項(xiàng)目將在五月前完成。9 .含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ be +及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞Young trees must be watered often.小樹需要經(jīng)常澆水。Your mistakes should be corrected right now. 你應(yīng)該現(xiàn)在就改正你的錯(cuò)誤。The door may be locked inside. 這扇門可以反鎖。Your homework can be handed in tomorrow. 你的家庭作業(yè)可以明天交。二、怎樣把主動(dòng)語態(tài)改成被動(dòng)語態(tài)？把主動(dòng)語態(tài)改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)非常簡單，可以遵循以下幾個(gè)步驟：1 .先找出謂語動(dòng)詞；2.

26、再找出謂語動(dòng)詞后的賓語；3 .把賓語用作被動(dòng)語態(tài)中的主語；4.注意人稱、時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)的變化。4 ：1. Bruce writes a letter every week.fA letter is written by Bruce every week斯每星期寫一封信。2. Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning.fThe broken bike was mended by Li Lei thismorning.李雷今天上午在修理壞的自行車。3. He has written two novels so far. fTwo novels have bee

27、n written by him sofar:他已 寫了兩部小說。4. They will plant ten trees tomorrow. fTen trees will be planted by them tomorrow.明 天將要種植十棵樹。5. Lucy is writing a letter now.terAsleteing written by Lucy now. 露西正在寫信。6. You must lock the door when you leave.fthe door must be locked when you leave你離開的時(shí)候你必須把門鎖上。三、使用被動(dòng)

28、語態(tài)應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問題：1 .不及物動(dòng)詞無被動(dòng)語態(tài)。What will happen in 100 years ? 一百年里會發(fā)生什么事？The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago. 約 65 萬年前恐龍滅絕。2 .有些動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。This pen writes well.這支鋼筆很好寫。This new book sells well. 這本新書賣的很好。3 .感官動(dòng)詞或使役動(dòng)詞使用省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式，主動(dòng)語態(tài)中不帶to，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，須加上to 。例： make somebody do something f

29、 somebody+ be +made to do somethingsee somebody do something fsomebody +be +seen to do somethingA girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.fMy wallet was seen to drop by a girl whenshe passed by. 一個(gè)女孩看到我的錢夾掉了當(dāng)她經(jīng)過的時(shí)候。The boss made the little boy do heavy work. fThe little woy made to do heavy work

30、by the boss.這個(gè)老板讓這小男孩干重活。4 .如果是接雙賓語的動(dòng)詞改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，直接賓語（物）作主語，那么動(dòng)詞后要用介詞，這個(gè)介詞是由與其搭配的動(dòng)詞決定。He gave me a book. fA book was given to me by him.他給了 我一本書。He showed me a ticket.7A ticket was shown to me by him.他給我展示了一張票。My fath er bought me a new bike. f A new bike was bought for me by my fathe父親給我買 了一輛新自行車。5 .

31、一些動(dòng)詞短語用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞短語應(yīng)當(dāng)看作一個(gè)整體，而不能丟掉其中的介 詞或副詞。We can' t laugh at him. 一 He can' t be laugh at byus不能嘲笑他。He listens to the radio every day.一The radio is lisoenedim every day. 他每天都收聽廣播。The nurse is taking care of the sick man.這護(hù)士在照顧這個(gè)虛弱的男人。fThe sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.Grammar一

32、、構(gòu)成 學(xué)習(xí)一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，首先應(yīng)掌握其各種結(jié)構(gòu)形式。1 .肯定式 will (shall) + be+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞2 .否定式 will (shall) + not+be+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞3 .疑問式 Will (Shall) +主語+ be+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞？簡略回答 Yes,主語+ will (shall). No,主語+ won't (shan't).現(xiàn)在，請看實(shí)例：A ) 肯定句： Anew stadium will be put up here 否定句： Anewstadium will not (won't ) be put up here 疑問句及簡

33、略回答：Will a new stadium be put up here ？ Yes， it will No ， it won't 特殊疑問句及回答：What will be put up here ？ A new stadium B) A lot of athletes will be invited to Beijing But those who have used illegal drugs will not be invited (但那些使用違禁藥物的將不被邀請。 ) Will some world-famous singers be invited ？ Yes， they

34、 will Who else will be invited ？ Some judges and sports officials ， of course二、其他結(jié)構(gòu)表示將來意義的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)還有：1 be going to be done；2 be to be done；3 . will (shall) + get + done等。例如： Some old buildings are going to be put down The 29th Olympic Games is to be held in Beijing in 2008 The workers will get paid befo

35、re the end of December 同學(xué)們也要注意這些結(jié)構(gòu)的否定式、疑問式等。例如：These trees are not going to be cut down Are these trees going to be cut down ？ Yes， they are The machines are not to be repaired tonight Are they to be repaired tomorrow ？ Yes， they are 三、注意事項(xiàng) 使用一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，應(yīng)注意以下兩點(diǎn)：1 在時(shí)間、條件狀語從句中，應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來時(shí)。同樣，應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被

36、動(dòng)語態(tài)表示將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。例如： He says he will leave the company if he is punished for this 2 .使用一般將來時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，學(xué)生易遺漏被動(dòng)式中的be。例如：【誤】A new film will shown at the cinema next week 【正】A new film will be shown at the cinema next week.【誤】 Is this bridge going to completed before the end of this year ？【正】 Is this bridge go

37、ing to be completed before the end of this year ？ 四、基本結(jié)構(gòu)一 : shall/will + be + done【經(jīng)典例題 1】 I promise that this matter next week.A. will be taken careB. will take care ofC. will take good careD. will be taken care of【思路點(diǎn)撥】 選D 。從題干不難看出,一是從句中的this matter 和 take care of 是被動(dòng)關(guān) 系;二是take care of是固定搭配，不能拆開；三是相對于promise來說，take care of是將要發(fā)生 的動(dòng)作。故從句謂語應(yīng)用一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)?！窘?jīng)典例題 2】These dictionaries the library again (by you ).A. will be taken out ofB. won ' t be