表語從句與賓語從句詳解及練習(xí)

1、表語從句表語從句就是用一個句子作為表語。說明主語是什么或者怎么樣，由名詞、形容詞或相當(dāng)于名詞或形容詞的詞或短語充當(dāng)，和連系動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語。The problem is puzzling. 這個問題令人困惑。（主語+連系動詞+形容詞作表語）The problem is when we can get a pay rise.問題是什么時候我們可以得到加薪。（主語+連系動詞+句子作表語（表語從句） 連接表語從句的連接詞有：that, what, who, when, where, which, why, whether, how, whoever，whomever，whichever ，whate

2、ver等。還有如because, as if, as though等。His suggestion is good.His suggestion is that we should stay calm.The question is confusing.The question is when he can arrive at the hotel. 表語從句一定要用陳述語序。False: The question is when can he arrive at the hotel.Right: The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.

3、引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時if/whether（是否）用法辨析：if不能引導(dǎo)表語從句，只能用whether 來引導(dǎo)。引導(dǎo)賓語從句時if/whether可以互換，但介詞后面的賓語從句只能用whether來引導(dǎo)。位于句首的主語從句只能用whether來引導(dǎo)，同位語從句也只能用whether來引導(dǎo)。False: The question is if the enemy is marching towards us.Right: The question is whether the enemy is marching towards us. 不像賓語從句，在有表語從句的復(fù)合句中，主句時態(tài)和從句時態(tài)可以不一致。

4、Right: The question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.Right: The question is why he cried yesterday. that在表語從句中不可以省掉。表語從句只能置于主句之后，而主句的動詞只能是連系動詞。例如：The problem is how we can get the things we need.（how 在表語從句中充當(dāng)方式狀語）The scissors are not what I need.（what 在表語從句中充當(dāng)賓語)What I told him was tha

5、t I would find him a good play.（what在主語從句中作直接賓語， that作為表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞在該表語從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分，但不能省略）That is what I want to tell you.那就是我想要對你講的。（what在表語從句中充當(dāng)直接賓語)That is why she failed to pass the exam. 那就是她考試不及格的原因。（why 在表語從句中充當(dāng)原因狀語） “That is why.”是常用句型， 意為“這就是的原因/因此”， 其中why引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句在句中作表語， 該句型通常用于針對前面已經(jīng)說明過的原因進(jìn)行總結(jié)，

6、又如：That is why you see this old woman before you know,Jeanne.珍妮， 這就是現(xiàn)在這個老太婆出現(xiàn)在你面前的原因。（前文提到Jeanne對老婦人顯得蒼老憔悴深感詫異，說話人對她講述了其中的原因之后，用這一句來進(jìn)行概括）。/ That is why I came. 這就是我來的原因。下面是兩個與“That is why.”形式相似的結(jié)構(gòu)， 它們與“That is why.”結(jié)構(gòu)之間的關(guān)系要能夠辨析清楚：(1）“That is why.”與“That is the reason why.”同義， 只不過從語法結(jié)構(gòu)上講， “That is th

7、e reason why.”中why引導(dǎo)的是個定語從句， 將其中的the reason去掉則與“That is why.”結(jié)構(gòu)一樣， 例如：That is (the reason) why I cannot agree. (2）“That is because.”句型中從屬連詞because引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句在此作表語， 這也是個常用句型， 意為“這就是為什么/因為”?！癟hat is because.”與“That is why.”之間的不同在于“That is because.”指原因或理由， “That is why.”則指由于各種原因所造成的后果， 例如：He did not see t

8、he film last night. That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework.昨天晚上他沒有去看電影， 那是因為他得幫助他的妹妹做作業(yè)。（第一句話說明結(jié)果， 第二句話說明原因）He had seen the film before. That is why he did not see it last night.他以前曾看過那部電影， 因此他昨天晚上沒有去看。（第一句話說明原因， 第二句話說明結(jié)果）The traditional view is _ we sleep because our bra

9、in is “programmed” to make us do so. (2007上海)A. when B. why C. whether D. that 賓語從句和表語從句都屬于名詞性從句。其作用跟名詞在句中的作用相同。故充當(dāng)賓語的句子叫賓語從句，充當(dāng)表語的句子叫表語從句。賓語從句（1）對于賓語從句要掌握以下三點語序： 從句的語序必須是陳述句語序，即“主語+謂語”這種形式。時態(tài)： 當(dāng)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時或一般將來時的時候，從句可以是任何時態(tài)，而當(dāng)主句是一般過去時的時候，從句，從句時態(tài)必須是過去時范圍的時態(tài)，即（一般過去時，過去進(jìn)行時，過去完成時，過去將來時）。連接詞： 當(dāng)從句意思完整，主句意思

10、肯定時，連接詞用that，且可以省去，當(dāng)從句意思完整，主句意思不確定或含否定含意時，常用if或whether（是否），當(dāng)從句意思不完整時，連接詞則是代替不完整部分的特殊疑問詞。that不可省略賓語從句that?？墒÷?，但在以下情況下不能省略A當(dāng)主句謂語動詞帶有兩個或兩個以上賓語從句時，可以省略第一個that，其他不能省略。egI believe（that）you have done your best and thatthings will get betterB當(dāng)it作形式賓語時egShe made it clear that she had nothing to do with himC當(dāng)

11、賓語從句前置時egThat our team will win，I believe動詞的賓語從句大多數(shù)及物動詞都可以帶賓語從句We all expect （that ）they will win,for members of their team are stronger.He told us （that） they would help us through the whole work.部分“動詞+副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)也可以帶賓語從句I have found out （that） all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.Can you w

12、ork out （that）how much we will spend during the trip動詞短語也可以帶賓語從句常見的這些詞有：make sure確保 make up ones mind下決心 keep in mind牢記Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.可運用形式賓語it代替的賓語從句動詞find,feel,consider,make,believe,think等后面有賓語補(bǔ)足語的時候，則需要用it做形式賓語而將that賓語從句后置.I think it ne

13、cessary that we take plenty of drinks every day .I feel it a pity that I havent been to the get-together.I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this matter.有些動詞帶賓語從句時需要在賓語與從句前加it（雙賓語）這類動詞主要有：hate,take,owe,have,see to.award,lend

14、.hand, mail, offer, pass, pay, post, read, return, show, teach, tellI hate it when they say with their mouths full of food.He will have it that our plan is really practical.We take it that you will agree with us.When you start the engine,you must see to it that car is in neutral.若賓語從句是wh-類，則不可用it代替W

15、e all consider what you said to be unbelievable.We discovered what we had learned to be valuable.Can you tell me if there any shop here?介詞的賓語從句用whether之類的介詞賓語從句：We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.The new book is about how Shenzhou 20 manned spaceship was sent up into space.

16、用that,if引導(dǎo)的介詞賓語從句有時候except,but,besides三個介詞后可見到that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.形容詞的賓語從句有些形容詞具有動詞的含義，所以也可以帶一個賓語從句，例如；1. 1. I am sorry I am late.2. I am glad that you can join us.3. Are you sure his answer is right?  常用來引導(dǎo)賓語從句的形容詞有： s

17、ure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprisedI am sure I will pass the exam.I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill.if與whether if和whether在作“是否”解時，引導(dǎo)賓語從句常放在動詞know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后，介詞后一般不用if 少數(shù)動詞，如：leave,put,discus

18、s,doubt后的賓語從句常用whether. whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以. 在不定式前只能用whether.（如：I cant decide whether to stay. 我不能決定是否留下。）一般“no matter”后表“是否”用whether而不用if不省略引導(dǎo)詞that當(dāng)that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等動詞的賓語時；當(dāng)賓語從句較長時；當(dāng)主語狀語置于主句尾，賓語從句之前時；當(dāng)主語謂語動詞(包括非謂語動詞)與賓語從句之間有插入語時；當(dāng)一個動詞帶有兩個或兩個以上

19、賓語從句時，此時第一個that可以省略，第二個that不可以省略；當(dāng)賓語從句中的主語是this,that或this,that做主語的定語時；當(dāng)賓語從句是雙賓語中的直接賓語時；當(dāng)賓語從句的主語是非謂語動詞或主語從句時；當(dāng)主語中的謂語動詞是固定詞組時；當(dāng)賓語從句有it做其先行詞時；在直接引語中，轉(zhuǎn)述分句把賓語從句隔開時.當(dāng)that在從句中充當(dāng)主語時否定轉(zhuǎn)移主句的謂語動詞是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等，并且主句的主語是第一人稱而且為一般現(xiàn)在時，從句的否定詞一般要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上來，其反義疑問句一般與賓語從句一致.I

20、dont think he will come to my party.而不能說成I think he wont come to my party.我認(rèn)為他不會來我的舞會.I dont believe that man is killed by Jim,is he 我認(rèn)為那個人不是Jim所殺的，是不是如果賓語從句中有某個含有否定意義的形容詞或副詞，其反義疑問句要用肯定形式.通常我們稱為否定前移。We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully,does he時態(tài)和語序當(dāng)主句為現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r,賓語從句的時態(tài)一般不受主句的時態(tài)所影響.當(dāng)主

21、句為過去時從句用一般過去時或過去進(jìn)行時表示與主句謂語動詞動作同時發(fā)生I only knew he was studying in a western country,but I didnt know which country he was in.He asked me if I was reading the story The Old Man and the Sea when he was in.從句過去完成時表示該動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動作之前He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already.從句謂語用過去將來時表示該動作發(fā)

22、生在主句謂語動作之后The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures to put down the to-do.如果從句是一個客觀真理，那么從句的時態(tài)不根據(jù)主句的時態(tài)而變化The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday.當(dāng)賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞是who,which,what,when,where,how,why等表疑問時，不能按正常語序安排，經(jīng)常將這類引導(dǎo)詞置于句首Who do you think the public might cho

23、ose as their favorite singer this yearCan you see_A what hes reading B. what is he reading C what does he read D. he reads what2Does Jack come from Japan? Do you know?(合并成一個句子)Do you know_Jack _from Japan3What did your son say in the letter？He told me that he_ the Disney the next dayA will visit B. has visited C is