表語(yǔ)從句與賓語(yǔ)從句詳解及練習(xí)

1、表語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句就是用一個(gè)句子作為表語(yǔ)。說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)是什么或者怎么樣，由名詞、形容詞或相當(dāng)于名詞或形容詞的詞或短語(yǔ)充當(dāng)，和連系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。The problem is puzzling. 這個(gè)問(wèn)題令人困惑。（主語(yǔ)+連系動(dòng)詞+形容詞作表語(yǔ)）The problem is when we can get a pay rise.問(wèn)題是什么時(shí)候我們可以得到加薪。（主語(yǔ)+連系動(dòng)詞+句子作表語(yǔ)（表語(yǔ)從句） 連接表語(yǔ)從句的連接詞有：that, what, who, when, where, which, why, whether, how, whoever，whomever，whichever ，whate

2、ver等。還有如because, as if, as though等。His suggestion is good.His suggestion is that we should stay calm.The question is confusing.The question is when he can arrive at the hotel. 表語(yǔ)從句一定要用陳述語(yǔ)序。False: The question is when can he arrive at the hotel.Right: The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.

3、引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)if/whether（是否）用法辨析：if不能引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，只能用whether 來(lái)引導(dǎo)。引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)if/whether可以互換，但介詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句只能用whether來(lái)引導(dǎo)。位于句首的主語(yǔ)從句只能用whether來(lái)引導(dǎo)，同位語(yǔ)從句也只能用whether來(lái)引導(dǎo)。False: The question is if the enemy is marching towards us.Right: The question is whether the enemy is marching towards us. 不像賓語(yǔ)從句，在有表語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句中，主句時(shí)態(tài)和從句時(shí)態(tài)可以不一致。

4、Right: The question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.Right: The question is why he cried yesterday. that在表語(yǔ)從句中不可以省掉。表語(yǔ)從句只能置于主句之后，而主句的動(dòng)詞只能是連系動(dòng)詞。例如：The problem is how we can get the things we need.（how 在表語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)方式狀語(yǔ)）The scissors are not what I need.（what 在表語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ))What I told him was tha

5、t I would find him a good play.（what在主語(yǔ)從句中作直接賓語(yǔ)， that作為表語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞在該表語(yǔ)從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分，但不能省略）That is what I want to tell you.那就是我想要對(duì)你講的。（what在表語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)直接賓語(yǔ))That is why she failed to pass the exam. 那就是她考試不及格的原因。（why 在表語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)原因狀語(yǔ)） “That is why.”是常用句型， 意為“這就是的原因/因此”， 其中why引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句在句中作表語(yǔ)， 該句型通常用于針對(duì)前面已經(jīng)說(shuō)明過(guò)的原因進(jìn)行總結(jié)，

6、又如：That is why you see this old woman before you know,Jeanne.珍妮， 這就是現(xiàn)在這個(gè)老太婆出現(xiàn)在你面前的原因。（前文提到Jeanne對(duì)老婦人顯得蒼老憔悴深感詫異，說(shuō)話人對(duì)她講述了其中的原因之后，用這一句來(lái)進(jìn)行概括）。/ That is why I came. 這就是我來(lái)的原因。下面是兩個(gè)與“That is why.”形式相似的結(jié)構(gòu)， 它們與“That is why.”結(jié)構(gòu)之間的關(guān)系要能夠辨析清楚：(1）“That is why.”與“That is the reason why.”同義， 只不過(guò)從語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)上講， “That is th

7、e reason why.”中why引導(dǎo)的是個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句， 將其中的the reason去掉則與“That is why.”結(jié)構(gòu)一樣， 例如：That is (the reason) why I cannot agree. (2）“That is because.”句型中從屬連詞because引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句在此作表語(yǔ)， 這也是個(gè)常用句型， 意為“這就是為什么/因?yàn)椤??！癟hat is because.”與“That is why.”之間的不同在于“That is because.”指原因或理由， “That is why.”則指由于各種原因所造成的后果， 例如：He did not see t

8、he film last night. That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework.昨天晚上他沒(méi)有去看電影， 那是因?yàn)樗脦椭拿妹米鲎鳂I(yè)。（第一句話說(shuō)明結(jié)果， 第二句話說(shuō)明原因）He had seen the film before. That is why he did not see it last night.他以前曾看過(guò)那部電影， 因此他昨天晚上沒(méi)有去看。（第一句話說(shuō)明原因， 第二句話說(shuō)明結(jié)果）The traditional view is _ we sleep because our bra

9、in is “programmed” to make us do so. (2007上海)A. when B. why C. whether D. that 賓語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句都屬于名詞性從句。其作用跟名詞在句中的作用相同。故充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)的句子叫賓語(yǔ)從句，充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)的句子叫表語(yǔ)從句。賓語(yǔ)從句（1）對(duì)于賓語(yǔ)從句要掌握以下三點(diǎn)語(yǔ)序： 從句的語(yǔ)序必須是陳述句語(yǔ)序，即“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)”這種形式。時(shí)態(tài)： 當(dāng)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)候，從句可以是任何時(shí)態(tài)，而當(dāng)主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)候，從句，從句時(shí)態(tài)必須是過(guò)去時(shí)范圍的時(shí)態(tài)，即（一般過(guò)去時(shí)，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過(guò)去完成時(shí)，過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)）。連接詞： 當(dāng)從句意思完整，主句意思

10、肯定時(shí)，連接詞用that，且可以省去，當(dāng)從句意思完整，主句意思不確定或含否定含意時(shí)，常用if或whether（是否），當(dāng)從句意思不完整時(shí)，連接詞則是代替不完整部分的特殊疑問(wèn)詞。that不可省略賓語(yǔ)從句that常可省略，但在以下情況下不能省略A當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞帶有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，可以省略第一個(gè)that，其他不能省略。egI believe（that）you have done your best and thatthings will get betterB當(dāng)it作形式賓語(yǔ)時(shí)egShe made it clear that she had nothing to do with himC當(dāng)

11、賓語(yǔ)從句前置時(shí)egThat our team will win，I believe動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)從句大多數(shù)及物動(dòng)詞都可以帶賓語(yǔ)從句We all expect （that ）they will win,for members of their team are stronger.He told us （that） they would help us through the whole work.部分“動(dòng)詞+副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)也可以帶賓語(yǔ)從句I have found out （that） all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.Can you w

12、ork out （that）how much we will spend during the trip動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)也可以帶賓語(yǔ)從句常見的這些詞有：make sure確保 make up ones mind下決心 keep in mind牢記Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.可運(yùn)用形式賓語(yǔ)it代替的賓語(yǔ)從句動(dòng)詞find,feel,consider,make,believe,think等后面有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的時(shí)候，則需要用it做形式賓語(yǔ)而將that賓語(yǔ)從句后置.I think it ne

13、cessary that we take plenty of drinks every day .I feel it a pity that I havent been to the get-together.I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this matter.有些動(dòng)詞帶賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)需要在賓語(yǔ)與從句前加it（雙賓語(yǔ)）這類動(dòng)詞主要有：hate,take,owe,have,see to.award,lend

14、.hand, mail, offer, pass, pay, post, read, return, show, teach, tellI hate it when they say with their mouths full of food.He will have it that our plan is really practical.We take it that you will agree with us.When you start the engine,you must see to it that car is in neutral.若賓語(yǔ)從句是wh-類，則不可用it代替W

15、e all consider what you said to be unbelievable.We discovered what we had learned to be valuable.Can you tell me if there any shop here?介詞的賓語(yǔ)從句用whether之類的介詞賓語(yǔ)從句：We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.The new book is about how Shenzhou 20 manned spaceship was sent up into space.

16、用that,if引導(dǎo)的介詞賓語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)候except,but,besides三個(gè)介詞后可見到that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.形容詞的賓語(yǔ)從句有些形容詞具有動(dòng)詞的含義，所以也可以帶一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，例如；1. 1. I am sorry I am late.2. I am glad that you can join us.3. Are you sure his answer is right?  常用來(lái)引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的形容詞有： s

17、ure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprisedI am sure I will pass the exam.I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill.if與whether if和whether在作“是否”解時(shí)，引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句常放在動(dòng)詞know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后，介詞后一般不用if 少數(shù)動(dòng)詞，如：leave,put,discus

18、s,doubt后的賓語(yǔ)從句常用whether. whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以. 在不定式前只能用whether.（如：I cant decide whether to stay. 我不能決定是否留下。）一般“no matter”后表“是否”用whether而不用if不省略引導(dǎo)詞that當(dāng)that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)；當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句較長(zhǎng)時(shí)；當(dāng)主語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)置于主句尾，賓語(yǔ)從句之前時(shí)；當(dāng)主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(包括非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞)與賓語(yǔ)從句之間有插入語(yǔ)時(shí)；當(dāng)一個(gè)動(dòng)詞帶有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上

19、賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，此時(shí)第一個(gè)that可以省略，第二個(gè)that不可以省略；當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)是this,that或this,that做主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)時(shí)；當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句是雙賓語(yǔ)中的直接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)；當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)；當(dāng)主語(yǔ)中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是固定詞組時(shí)；當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句有it做其先行詞時(shí)；在直接引語(yǔ)中，轉(zhuǎn)述分句把賓語(yǔ)從句隔開時(shí).當(dāng)that在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)否定轉(zhuǎn)移主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等，并且主句的主語(yǔ)是第一人稱而且為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句的否定詞一般要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上來(lái)，其反義疑問(wèn)句一般與賓語(yǔ)從句一致.I

20、dont think he will come to my party.而不能說(shuō)成I think he wont come to my party.我認(rèn)為他不會(huì)來(lái)我的舞會(huì).I dont believe that man is killed by Jim,is he 我認(rèn)為那個(gè)人不是Jim所殺的，是不是如果賓語(yǔ)從句中有某個(gè)含有否定意義的形容詞或副詞，其反義疑問(wèn)句要用肯定形式.通常我們稱為否定前移。We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully,does he時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)序當(dāng)主句為現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)一般不受主句的時(shí)態(tài)所影響.當(dāng)主

21、句為過(guò)去時(shí)從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)或過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示與主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生I only knew he was studying in a western country,but I didnt know which country he was in.He asked me if I was reading the story The Old Man and the Sea when he was in.從句過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already.從句謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示該動(dòng)作發(fā)

22、生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之后The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures to put down the to-do.如果從句是一個(gè)客觀真理，那么從句的時(shí)態(tài)不根據(jù)主句的時(shí)態(tài)而變化The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday.當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞是who,which,what,when,where,how,why等表疑問(wèn)時(shí)，不能按正常語(yǔ)序安排，經(jīng)常將這類引導(dǎo)詞置于句首Who do you think the public might cho

23、ose as their favorite singer this yearCan you see_A what hes reading B. what is he reading C what does he read D. he reads what2Does Jack come from Japan? Do you know?(合并成一個(gè)句子)Do you know_Jack _from Japan3What did your son say in the letter？He told me that he_ the Disney the next dayA will visit B. has visited C is