雅思閱讀分類詞匯(場景)

1、IELTS閱讀分類詞匯=閱讀分類詞匯=心理theorem原理，定理v.s. theorymethodology方法論 (method)physiology 生理學 (physiological)psychiatry精神病學psychology, psycho, psychosis, psychoanalysiscorrelation相互關(guān)系correlation coefficientsensation感覺，知覺 (另)轟動 sensationalperception感知，認知intuition知覺 (intuitive)ESP第六感 (Extrasensory Perception)moti

2、vate 激勵à motivation ( bonus, commission, )incentive激勵因素stimulus刺激à stimulate, stimulationdisorder 紊亂，失調(diào)dysfunction 機能障礙dys(=dis) + functiondissonance 不和諧，不一致dis + son(sound) +ancetrauma 創(chuàng)傷(traumatic)the trauma caused by Sept. 11anxiety 焦慮 (= anxiousness)depression 沮喪 (de + press + ion) dep

3、ressedv.s. repression (壓抑)insomnia 失眠phobia 恐懼(癥) suffix: -phobiaacrophobia acronym: IELTS, TOEFLenophobia a fear of foreigners or strangersclaustrophobia a fear of being closed in a confined placeallergy 過敏(癥)，反感 ( allergic)He is allergic to card pensity Most boys have a propensity of pl

4、aying with machinery.= tendency, inclinationparanoid 偏執(zhí)的 paranoia (偏執(zhí)狂)workaholic 工作狂 ( alcoholic)symptom 癥狀diagnosis 診斷(n.) diagnose (v.)Arthur Haily: “The Final Diagnosis”electroencephalogram 腦電圖 electrocardiogram (心電圖)assertive 武斷的 (assert)therapy 治療法group therapyhypnotism 催眠術(shù) ( hypnotize)prescri

5、be 開藥方v.s. subscribe, describe, inscribeà prescription: drugsantidepressant 抗抑郁藥tranquilizer 鎮(zhèn)靜藥 ( tranquil)side-effect (+s) 副作用immune 免疫的，免除的 (immunity)rehabilitation 復原，康復relapse 舊病復發(fā)，故態(tài)復萌v.s. elapse 子在川上曰：逝者如斯夫，不舍晝夜！chronic 慢性的adulthood childhoodpuberty 青春發(fā)動期adolescence 青春期 (the time of life

6、 between puberty and adulthood)emotional rationalaffective 情感的 (affection)sane 神智健全的 insanesuperstition 迷信superstitioustelepathy 傳心術(shù)，通靈術(shù)tele(far away) + pathy(heart) numerology, palmistryapathy 無感情，無興趣，冷漠 (= indifference)sympathy: sym(same) + pathypathology 病理學，病理，病變delusion 迷惑，欺瞞v.s. illusiondisori

7、entation迷失 (dis + orientation) disorientedpervert 使反常/變態(tài) 反常/變態(tài)者perversionintrospection 內(nèi)省v.s. retrospection (回顧，反省)sublimation 純化，升華sublimepersonality = personal characteristicsmultiple personality (多重人格)innate 天賦的 in + nate(nature)= inborn, congenitalattribute 屬性 (à attributable)trait 特征，品質(zhì)nat

8、ional traits 國民性vs. traitor=閱讀分類詞匯=科技ubiquitous 普遍存在的= omnipresent (omniscient, omnipotent)versatile (人)多才多藝的，(物)通用的à versatilityalchemy 煉金術(shù)transmute 變形，變質(zhì)transmute silver into gold (!)arduous 艱巨的 (=strenuous)an arduous taskpitfall 陷阱，未預見之困難metallurgy 冶金alloy 合金aluminum = aluminium (BE) calcium

9、, uranium, radium,copper, brass, bronzeelectrode 電極distill 蒸餾 distilled waterquartz 石英phosphorus 磷，磷光物質(zhì)inflammable 易燃的 ( flame)combustion 燃燒 (combustible)spontaneous combustion (white phosphorus)ceramic 陶瓷的 瓷器 (ceramics)insulate 隔離，絕緣insulator ( conductorfiber 纖維 (BE: fibre)fiber optics (纖維光學)optics

10、 光學 (à optical)retina 視網(wǎng)膜iris 虹膜opaque 不透明的v.s. transparent, translucentmicroprocessor 微處理器 CPU(Central Processing Unit), chipbinary 二進制的integrate integration ,integrated circuit (IC), system integration (SI)buffer 緩沖區(qū)buffer storagebrowser 瀏覽器 (IE, Netscape)hypertext 超文本envisage 想象，看作 en + vis(

11、see) + age be envisaged as momentous (極為)重要的v.s. momentaryreticular 網(wǎng)狀的Ethernet 以太網(wǎng)domain 域 domain namescyberlaw 網(wǎng)絡(luò)法律 “cyber-“: Internet relatedcyberlove, cybercafe, patent 專利 ( patented)v.s. copyright, pirated software/VCDschronological 按時間順序的 “chron”: time chronic, chronicle, chronographrobot 機器人(

12、“肉包它”) roboticsartificial 人造的，做作的artificial satellite/smilecone 圓錐體，錐形物the nose cone of a missileJupiter 木星 Mercury, Venus, Mars, Saturnexorbitant 過度的，過分的，過高的ex(out) + orbit + antcentripetal 向心(力)的 centrifugalhigh-rise 高樓 ( skyscraper)cathedral 大教堂dome 圓頂 (a hemispherical roof)infrastructure 基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施 su

13、perstructuresewage 污水，下水道hydraulic 水力的，水壓的landfill 垃圾掩埋(地)ventilation 通風thermostat 溫控器thermo(hot) + stat(steady) thermos, thermometer, thermonuclearprefabricate 預先制造 prefab (預制的)polytechnic 各種工藝的 理工學校Hong Kong Polytechnicgeometric 幾何(學)的 geometry, geo(land) + metry(measure)asymmetry 不對稱 a(not) + sym

14、(same) + metry() symmetryconcave 凹的 convexbilateral 雙邊的，兩方面的 unilateralparadoxical “似非而是”的 paradox (悖論)empirical 經(jīng)驗的empirical law/formulaclockwise 順時針的 ( anticlockwise=閱讀分類詞匯=教育accommodation (膳宿)供應(yīng)= room and boardlodging 寄宿(處)lease 出租 “for lease”, “to let”v.s. renttenant 房客，佃戶landlord 房東 à land

15、lady(f)ß Lord, tenant ,housemate roommate, dormmate, schoolmate, classmatedormitory 寢室 (abbrev. dorm)au pair A young foreigner who lives with a family in return for doing light housework(另) = reciprocalreciprocal 相互的，互惠的hostel youth hostel hotelreal estate 房地產(chǎn)vicinity = neighborhoodflat 平的，癟的 f

16、lat tire公寓(= apartment) condo, studiobond = depositlinen 亞麻的 亞麻織品，床單(= bed linen)utensil 器皿stationery 文具 (v.s. stationary)laundry 洗衣，洗衣店cafeteria 自助餐廳 canteencater 滿足(需要)aerobics 有氧健身操 “aero”: airbadminton 羽毛球(運動)baseball 棒球 baseball batsquash 壁球(運動)amateur professionalgathering 聚會v.s. meeting, reun

17、ionexcursion 遠足 (= outing, expedition)commonwealth 共和國，聯(lián)邦Commonwealth: 英聯(lián)邦tertiary 第三的After purchasing a house and a car, the next major life expenditure is almost certainly the cost of tertiary education.primary à secondary à tertiarypost-secondary “post”: afterpostgraduate, postdoctoral,

18、 post-sale, postwarilliterate 文盲 不識字的il(no) + literate(words)à illiteracy ( literacydiscipline 學科，紀律v.s. subjectterminology 術(shù)語faculty department and staff of a college/universitydean (大學)教務(wù)長curriculum 課程 (= course)à extracurricular 課外的syllabus 課程提綱calendar 日歷，日程 ( schedule, agenda, timetab

19、le)compulsory 強制的，必修的 elective (選修的)examiner examinee take/sit, pass/get through, fail, retake/resitrecruit 招生，招募 recruitment= enrollprestige 聲望，威信à prestigiousesteem 尊敬 (n. & v.)your esteemed school/companyaptitude 智力SAT: School Aptitude Testmatriculation 錄取入學vocation 職業(yè) (= calling, occupa

20、tion, career) à vocational vocational educationTAFE Technical And Further Education (Australian)abbreviation 縮略(詞) abridge (縮短，刪節(jié))transferable (學分等)可轉(zhuǎn)換的scholarship 獎學金= fellowshiptutorial 輔導(課)ß tutor (= lecturer, instructor)pedagogue 教員，學究 pedagogy (教育學，教學法) demagogue (政治煽動家)lexicography

21、詞典編撰 (à lexicographer)assignment 任務(wù)，(課外)作業(yè)dissertation 論文 (= thesis)credential 證明，文憑 “cred”: creditlinguistic credentialsalumni 校友(男) alumnaeoverestimate 高估 ( underestimatedecipher 解碼，解釋 (= decode)decipher workplace culturecaliber 才干=閱讀分類詞匯=文化homogeneous 同質(zhì)的 homo + gene +ous( heterogeneous homo

22、sexual, heterosexualmainstream 主流 主流的dialect 方言 (v.s. accent)discrepancy 差異misconception 誤解 (mis + concept + ion)= misunderstandingbarrier 障礙(物) bar, = barricadediscrimination 區(qū)別，歧視racial/sexual discriminationß discriminate (+against)hierarchy 等級制度heir + arch(govern) + yinsularity 島國性質(zhì) (ß

23、insular, island).microcosm 小天地 micro + cosm(os)nostalgia = homesicknesspatriot 愛國者 ( traitorà patriotic, patriotismcompatriot 同胞 同胞的com + patriotvernacular 本地的，本國的 本地話，本國話the vernacular languages of IndiaHispanic An American whose first language was Spanishimmigration 移入 immigrant, immigratev.s

24、. emigration ( emigrant, emigrate) antipodes Any two places or regions on diametrically opposite sides of the Earth“from North America to the Antipodes”permeate 滲透，彌漫Smoke permeated the house.entrepreneur 企業(yè)家 ( enterprise)à entrepreneurshippractitioner 開業(yè)者，從業(yè)者praction(practice) + ercelebrity a

25、famous person= luminary, VIPproxy 代理人anecdote 軼事 (à anecdotal)notoriety 惡名 (ß notorious)counterpart 對應(yīng)人，對等物Whos George Bushs counterpart in China counterculture, counterbalancepeer 同等的人 凝視，窺視( peep)subordinate 下級 下級的 superiortactics 戰(zhàn)術(shù)，技巧v.s. strategy (戰(zhàn)略，策略) marketing strategy v.s. sellin

26、g tacticsnuance a subtle difference in meaningbenchmarking 類比分析punctual 準時的，守時的 (à punctuality)absenteeism 曠工absent à absentee à absenteeismflextime 彈性工作時間flex(flexible) + timeharass 騷擾 (à harassment)Mary said that Gary had sexually harassed her.redundancy 冗余，冗員network redundancy

27、downsize 裁員 ( lay off)ballot 投票 (= vote)impartial 不偏不倚的 ( partiallobby 大堂(n.) 游說(v.)shortlist (BE) a list of applicants who have been deemed suitable and fromwhich the successful person will be chosen à (v.)equilibrium 平衡，均衡questionnaire 調(diào)查表，問卷quantitative 定量的 ( qualitativecontingency 偶然性，偶然事件i

28、ncur 招致incur debts/hatred/dangerv.s. occur, concur, recurethical 倫理的，符合倫理的 ethics, unethicaldubious 疑惑的，可疑的 ( doubt)People were dubious about the result.manifestation 顯示，證明 (ß manifest)subtitle 字幕，副標題 (sub + title) subsidiary, submarine, subway (BE:underground, tube), suburb( downtown, uptown,

29、outskirts)dubbing 配音錄制vogue 時尚 chicbizarre 奇異的v.s. weird (怪異的)mediocre 平庸的dietitian 飲食學家 ( diet)connoisseur 行家，鑒賞家 entrée, a la carte=雅思閱讀分類詞匯=-生物/生理molecule 分子à molecularcell cellularamino à amino acids (氨基酸)protein 蛋白質(zhì)enzyme 酶(proteins that are produced by cells and act as catalysts

30、 inspecific biochemical reactions)catalyst 催化劑chlorophyll 葉綠素“chloro-”: Clphotosynthesis 光合作用 (photo + synthesis)à photosyntheticbotany 植物學 ( zoologyà botanist, botanicalflora 植物群fauna 動物群bacterium bacteria (pl.) 細菌fungus fungi (pl.) 真菌algae alga (pl.) 海藻herb à herbal: teaà herbi

31、cide ( insecticide, pesticide)carnation 康乃馨à reincarnationfade 凋謝，褪色organism 機體，組織ß organarthropod 節(jié)肢動物v.s. anthropoid ()reptile 爬行動物amphibian 兩棲動物mammal 哺乳動物 (ß mamma!)primate 靈長目動物evolution 進化 (ß evolve)anthropoid 類人猿 (“anthrop”: humankind) anthropology, philanthropy v.s. ape,

32、gorilla, chimpanzeegene 基因 DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) genome (基因組)genetics 遺傳學 (à genetical)helix 螺旋，螺旋壯物 analyze every single gene within the double helix of humanitys DNAidentical 同一的 identity (à ID card) clonemutation 突變 gene mutationà mutable, immutable, mutantpredator 捕食者 ( prey

33、embryo 胚胎à embryonic (萌芽的)roe 魚子 caviar (魚子醬)tadpole 蝌蚪 frog, toad ( told)caterpillar 毛毛蟲 (cater + pillar)The American Company: Caterpillar (CAT)grasshopper 蚱蜢，蝗蟲 (= locust)grass + hopper, bellhopcricket 蟋蟀 (另)板球butterfly v.s. moth dragonfly, fireflypollen 花粉 傳粉à pollinate, pollinationhive

34、 蜂房 honey, concoctionlarva larvae (pl.) 幼蟲v.s. lavapupa 蛹à pupatepenguin 企鵝v.s. dolphin (海豚)raccoon 浣熊v.s. kangaroo (袋鼠)hibernate 冬眠 (=hole up)torpid 麻木的，蟄伏的v.s. torpedo (魚雷)cerebral (大)腦的hemisphere 半球 (hemi + sphere)cortex 腦皮層migraine 偏頭疼ß migrantsomatic 軀體的limb 四肢upper/lower limbanatomy解

35、剖，剖析paralyze 使癱瘓 (=incapacitate, immobilize)artery 動脈 ( veingland 腺體pancreas 胰hormone 荷爾蒙，激素cholesterol膽固醇efficacy 功效v.s. efficiency, effectiveness=雅思閱讀分類詞匯=環(huán)境問題conservation 保護，保存 (ß conserve)v.s. conversationenvironmentalist = conservationistacid酸 酸的 (alkaliacid raincarbon 碳 (C) v.s. charcoal

36、(炭)carbon dioxide, carbon monoxidefume exhaust fumesv.s. smoke, fog, smogpetroleum 石油à petrol (BE) = gasoline/gas (AE)à unleaded petrol/gasozone 臭氧 (o + zone)ozone layerooze 滲出 滲出物radiation 輻射ultraviolet(UV) radiation radioactivegreenhouse 溫室greenhouse effect/gasessolar 太陽的 (solar energy)

37、lunar (lunar calendar)phenomenon 現(xiàn)象catastrophe = disaster, cataclysmdeterioration 惡化 (ß deteriorate)extinction 滅絕 (ß extinct)species endangered speciesdrought 干旱 ( “找它”) famine v.s. floodingrecurrent 反復發(fā)生的re + (oc)cur + rentv.s. concurrentinundate 淹沒 “淹掉它”embankment 筑堤 (em + bank + ment)se

38、diment 沉積（物）= depositdelta 三角洲the Pearl River Deltaalluvial 沖積的desertification (v.s. dessert)dust-storm 沙塵暴 thunderstorm, brainstormbarren 貧瘠的，不育的，無效的dune sand dune the game “DUNE”!attributable 歸因于be attributable todeforestation 濫砍濫伐（森林）de + forest + ation afforestation/reforestationlog 原木，日志 伐木v.s.

39、 logovegetation 植物，植被v.s. vegetable, vegetarianhabitat 棲息地ß habit (Habit is the second nature.)ecosystem 生態(tài)系統(tǒng) (eco + system) ecologyviability ß viable “vi”: life養(yǎng)育能力One tool for assessing the impact offorestry on the ecosystem is population viability analysis.demographic 人口統(tǒng)計的 demo(people)

40、 + graph(write) + icinterdependence inter + dependencecounterbalance 使平衡，彌補 (=offset)counter(against) + balancemechanism 機理，機制precipitation 陡降，降水 (ß precipice) evaporationcirculation 流通，循環(huán)tide à tidal wave (海嘯) ebb earthquaketyphoon tornado, hurricanemeteorology 氣象(學)volcano 火山eruption 噴發(fā)

41、(ß erupt)volcanic eruption lavagranite 花崗巖imminent = impending v.s. eminentCelsius 攝氏的 37OCv.s. centigradeFahrenheit 華氏的latitude 緯度(另) longitude, altitudetropical ß (the) tropicstropical/torrid zone, temperate zone, frigid zoneglacier 冰川dump 傾倒，傾銷à anti-dumpingcontaminate 弄臟 (à c

42、ontaminant)recycle 回收再利用irreversible 不可逆的 (= irrevocable)reclaim 開墾，改造 à reclamationcontentious 有爭議的 (ß contend)Many environmental issues today are highlycontentious.opt 選擇(+ for) à optionprioritize 優(yōu)先考慮 (ß prior, priority)=雅思分類詞匯=醫(yī)院mental hospital 精神病醫(yī)院 clinic診所 physician/intern

43、ist 內(nèi)科醫(yī)生 oculist/eye doctor眼科醫(yī)生 surgon 外科醫(yī)生 dentist牙醫(yī) vet獸醫(yī) shrink心理醫(yī)生 symptom 癥狀 have/catch a cold 感冒 have a sore throat 嗓子痛 have a stomachache 胃痛 have a fever 發(fā)燒 pneumonia 肺炎 flu 流感 have a cough 咳嗽have a headache頭痛 have a toothache牙痛liver trouble 肝炎 allergy 過敏癥twisted/sprained扭傷的 feel dizzy 頭暈feel

44、 chilly 覺得發(fā)冷 asthma 哮喘diabetics糖尿病患者 cramps抽筋vomit/throw up/nauseate嘔吐 diarrhea腹瀉vomitive/pukey惡心的 luggies/phlegm痰have a stuffed nose鼻子不通 cholera霍亂stiff neck脖子發(fā)僵 abscess膿腫yellow fever黃熱病 hay fever枯草熱pills藥丸 mixture合劑eyedrops眼藥水 syrup糖漿pad藥棉塊 vitamin維他命tablet藥片 penicillin盤尼西林antibiotic抗生素 ointment藥膏m

45、edication藥物 aspirin阿司匹林bandage繃帶 syringe注射器stethoscope聽診器 injection注射preventive injection預防針 gauze紗布cold cure感冒藥 sweating medicine發(fā)汗藥febrifuge退燒藥 capsule膠囊case history病歷 extract拔牙take one's temperature量體溫 see a doctor看病send for a doctor請醫(yī)生 feel one's pulse量脈搏take one's blood pressure量血壓g

46、ive a prescription開藥方have an operation 動手術(shù) make an appointment預約=雅思分類詞匯=生活咨詢make a reservation預定 confirm a reservation確認預定cancel one's reservation取消預定 frist come,frist serve先到先服務(wù)原則layover/stopover中途停留 timetable時刻表fare票價 toll通行費 saver ticket優(yōu)惠票 open ticket開放機票one-way ticket單程票 round-trip ticket往返

47、票airport tax機場稅 duty-free shop免稅店excess charge超重 vacant seat空座 direct/non-stop flight直達航班 connecting-flight轉(zhuǎn)機book預定 destination目的地frist class頭等倉 business class商務(wù)倉economy class經(jīng)濟倉 van中巴shuttle bus班車 airport limousine機場大巴berth鋪位（火車上） pullman臥鋪車scenic spot景點 extra charge/surcharge附加費fulling-booked滿了 se

48、at arrangement/assignment定座E.T.A(estimated time of arrival)預計到達時間E.T.D(estimated time of departure)預計起飛時間常用句型I'd like to book_?I'd like to order_?Waht hour are you open_?waht time do you open/close_? =雅思分類詞匯=銀行交易1）常用詞匯bank book/pass book存折 open an account開戶earn interest賺取利息 savings account儲蓄

49、存款帳戶current account活期存款帳戶 check/cheque account支票帳戶deposit account定期存款帳戶 annual interest rate年利率monthly savings account按月計息帳戶 daily interest account按天計息帳戶instant account速成戶頭 service charge服務(wù)費/手續(xù)費signature card簽名卡 draw/withdraw提款 order check/cheque記名支票 rubber check/cheque空頭支票blank check/cheque空白支票 exc

50、hange rate匯率denomination=face value面額 four in hundred四張一百元面額give the money in fives/tens換成五元或十元面額bill鈔票 change零錢cash現(xiàn)金 password/code密碼amount in figures小寫金額 amount in words大寫金額credit card信用卡 the balance of your bank account帳戶余額 travelers check/chque旅行支票 coin硬幣penny便士 nickel（美、加）的五分硬幣dime（美、加）的十分硬幣 un

51、it 貨幣單位 value/worth面值 ounce盎司1/16磅 commercial/merchant bank商業(yè)銀行 full refund全額償還extension延期 overdraw/overdraft透支rebate回扣 payday發(fā)薪日pay slip/envelop薪水單 a princely sum(an excessive amount)巨款mortgage抵押 by installment分期付款apply for/grant_a loan申請/批準貸款debt債務(wù) collateral擔保物fill out/in填寫 chquebook/checkbook支票簿

52、loan貸款 joint account聯(lián)名帳戶expense account公款支付帳戶 cashier收銀員teller銀行職員 statement對帳單money order匯票 accountant會計 A.T.M自動取款機常用句型Id like to open a_account.Id like to check the present balance in _account.Id like to apply for a personal loan.Id like to change(兌換)_for_.Whats the current rate?How would you like

53、 to receive your change（零錢）?還有時常會考到銀行的開放時間，一般是幾點到幾點？還有周末或許不同（注意）=雅思分類詞匯=教育這個場景比較復雜，因為考的內(nèi)容會很廣泛，包括：新生入學報到場景、課程設(shè)置及規(guī)定介紹場景、家庭作業(yè)分析場景、課堂演示場景日常生活咨詢場景等。 1）由于中外學校結(jié)構(gòu)差異造成一定程度上的做題困難國外大學結(jié)構(gòu)及官銜president（大學校長） Universitydean（學校分院長） College/schoolhead of the faculty Facultyhead of the division Divisionchairman Departmentprincipal中學校長headmaster小學校長headmistress小學校長（女）2） 新生入學及入學后大致過程順序原則register/enrole(登記、報到) 一般會student union officeopening ceremony（開學典禮）orientation meeting（介紹會）指學校綜合情況 lecture（報告）tutorial（一個學