大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題(第二套)復(fù)習(xí)課程

1、此文檔僅供收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如有侵權(quán)請(qǐng)聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除2016年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題(第2套)PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessay.Supposeyouhavetwooptionsupongraduation:oneistotakeajobinacompanyandtheothertogotoagraduateschool.Youaretomakeachoicebetweenthetwo.Writeanessaytoexplainthereasonsforyourchoi

2、ce.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartnListeningComprehension(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethe

3、bestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetIwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.1. A.Tosatisfythecuriosityoftourists.B. Toreplacetwooldstonebridges.C. ToenabletouriststovisitGoatIsland.D. Toimproveutilityse

4、rvicesinthestate.2. A.Countlesstreelimbs.B. Afewskeletons.C. Lotsofwreckedboatsandships.D. Millionsofcoinsonthebottom.Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.3. A.ItsuspendeddiplomaticrelationswithLibya.B. IturgedtouriststoleaveTunisiaimmediately.C. ItshutdowntwobordercrossingswithLiby

5、a.D. ItlaunchedafierceattackagainstIslamicState.4. A.AdviseTunisianciviliansonhowtotakesafetyprecautions.B. Trackdowntheorganizationresponsiblefortheterroristattack.C. TrainqualifiedsecuritypersonnelfortheTunisiangovernment.D. DeviseamonitoringsystemontheTunisianborderwithLibya.Questions5to7arebased

6、onthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.5. A.Anenvironment-friendlybattery.B. Anenergy-savingmobilephone.C. Aplant-poweredmobilephonecharger.D. Adevicetohelpplantsabsorbsunlight.6. A.Whilesittingintheirschool'scourtyard.B. Whileplayinggamesontheirphones.C. Whilesolvingamathematicalproblem.D. Whiledoinga

7、chemicalexperiment.7. A.Itincreasestheapplicationsofmobilephones.8. Itspeedsuptheprocessofphotosynthesis.9. Itimprovesthereceptionofmobilephones.10. Itcollectstheenergyreleasedbyplants.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestion

8、s.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.8. A.Hevisitedtheworkshopsint

9、heGrimsbyplant.B. Hecalledthewomanandleftheramessage.C. Heusedstand-insasreplacementsonalllines.D. Heaskedatechniciantofixthebrokenproductionline.9. A.Itisthemostmodernproductionline.B. Itassemblessuper-intelligentrobots.C. Ithasstoppedworkingcompletely.D. Itisgoingtobeupgradedsoon.10. A.Toseekherpe

10、rmission.B. Toplaceanorderforrobots.C. Torequesthertoreturnatonce.D. ToaskforTom'sphonenumber.11. A.Sheisonduty.B. Sheishavingherdayoff.C. Sheisonsickleave.D. Sheisabroadonbusiness.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12. A.Hesavedababyboy'slife.B. Hewantedtobeasuperhero.

11、C. Hepreventedatraincrash.D. Hewasawitnesstoanaccident.13. A.Hehasa9-month-oldboy.B. Heiscurrentlyunemployed.C. Heenjoystheinterview.D. Hecommutesbysubway.14. A.Arockonthetracks.B. Amisplacedpushchair.C. Astrongwind.D. Aspeedingcar.15. A.Shestoodmotionlessinshock.B. Shecriedbitterly.C. Shecalledthep

12、oliceatonce.D. Sheshoutedforhelp.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Thenmarkthecorrespondin

13、gletteronAnswerSheetIwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16. A.Sheinheritedherfamilyice-creambusinessinBillings.B. Shelovedtheice-creambusinessmorethanteachingprimaryschool.C. Shestartedanice-creambusinesstofinanceherdaughter'seducation.D. Shewante

14、dtohaveanice-creamtruckwhenshewasalittlegirl.17. A.Topreserveatradition.B. Toamuseherdaughter.C. Tohelplocaleducation.D. Tomakesomeextramoney.18. A.Toraisemoneyforbusinessexpansion.B. Tomakehertruckattractivetochildren.C. Toallowpoorkidstohaveice-creamtoo.D. Toteachkidsthevalueofmutualsupport.Questi

15、ons19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19. A.Thereasonsforimposingtaxes.B. Thevariousservicesmoneycanbuy.C. Thevariousburdensonordinarycitizens.D. Thefunctionofmoneyinthemodemworld.20. A.Educatingandtrainingcitizens.B. Improvingpublictransportation.C. Protectingpeople'slifeandproperty.D.

16、Buildinghospitalsandpubliclibraries.21. A.Byaskingfordonations.B. Bysellingpubliclands.C. Bysellinggovernmentbonds.D. Byexploitingnaturalresources.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22. A.ItislocatedatthecenteroftheEuropeancontinent.B. Itreliesontourismasitschiefsourceofrevenues.C.

17、Itcontainslessthanasquaremileofland.D. ItissurroundedbyFranceonthreesides.23. A.ItsbeautyisfrequentlymentionedinAmericanmedia.B. ItsrulerPrinceRainiermarriedanAmericanactress.C. ItiswheremanyAmericanmoviesareshot.D. ItisafavoriteplaceAmericansliketovisit.24. A.Tobacco.B. Potatoes.C. Machinery.D. Clo

18、thing.25. A.Europeanhistory.B. Europeangeography.C. SmallcountriesinEurope.只供學(xué)習(xí)與交流此文檔僅供收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如有侵權(quán)請(qǐng)聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除D. TouristattractionsinEurope.PartinReadingComprehension（40minutes）SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgivenina

19、wordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpass

20、age.Theoceanisheatingup.That'stheconclusionofanewstudythatfindsthatEarth'soceansnow26heatattwicetheratetheydid18yearsago.Aroundhalfofoceanheatintakesince1865hastakenplacesince1997,researchersreportonlineinNatureClimateChange.Warmingwatersareknownto27tocoralbleaching（珊瑚白化）andtheytakeupmorespa

21、cethancoolerwaters,raisingsea28Whilethetopoftheoceaniswellstudied,itsdepthsaremoredifficultto29Theresearchersgathered150yearsofoceantemperaturedatainordertogetabetter30ofheatabsorptionfromsurfacetoseabed.Theygatheredtogethertemperaturereadingscollectedbyeverythingfroma19thcentury31ofBritishnavalship

22、stomodemautomatedoceanprobes.Theextensivedatasources,32withcomputersimulations（計(jì)算機(jī)模擬），createdatimelineofoceantemperaturechanges,includingcoolingfromvolcanicoutbreaksandwarmingfromfossilfuel33_About35percentoftheheattakeninbytheoceansduringtheindustrialeranowresidesata34ofmorethan700meters,theresearc

23、hersfound.Theysaythey're35whetherthedeep-seawarmingcanceledoutwarmingatthesea'ssurface.A. absorbB. CombinedC. ContributeD. depthE. emissionsF. excursionG. exploreH. floorI. heightsJ. indifferentK.levelsL.mixedM.pictureN.unsureO.voyageSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassage

24、withtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.TheSecrettoRaisingSmartKids

25、A) Ifirstbegantoinvestigatethebasisofhumanmotivation-andhowpeoplepersevereaftersetbacks-asapsychologygraduatestudentatYaleUniversityinthe1960s.AnimalexperimentsbypsychologistsattheUniversityofPennsylvaniahadshownthatafterrepeatedfailures,mostanimalsconcludethatasituationishopelessandbeyondtheircontr

26、ol.Aftersuchanexperienceananimaloftenremainspassiveevenwhenitcaneffectchange-astatetheycalledlearnedhelplessness.B) Peoplecanlearntobehelpless,too.Whydosomestudentsgiveupwhentheyencounterdifficulty,whereasotherswhoarenomoreskilledcontinuetostriveandlearn?Oneanswer,Isoondiscovered,layinpeople'sbe

27、liefsaboutwhytheyhadfailed.C) Inparticular,attributingpoorperformancetoalackofabilitydepressesmotivationmorethandoesthebeliefthatlackofeffortistoblame.WhenItoldagroupofschoolchildrenwhodisplayedhelplessbehaviorthatalackofeffortledtotheirmistakesinmath,theylearnedtokeeptryingwhentheproblemsgottough.A

28、nothergroupofhelplesschildrenwhoweresimplyrewardedfortheirsuccessoneasierproblemsdidnotimprovetheirabilitytosolvehardmathproblems.Theseexperimentsindicatedthatafocusoneffortcanhelpresolvehelplessnessandgeneratesuccess.D) Later,Idevelopedabroadertheoryofwhatseparatesthetwogeneralclassesoflearners-hel

29、plessversusmastery-oriented.Irealizedthesedifferenttypesofstudentsnotonlyexplaintheirfailuresdifferently,buttheyalsoholddifferent"theories"ofintelligence.Thehelplessonesbelieveintelligenceisafixedcharacteristic:youhaveonlyacertainamount,andthat'sthat.Icallthisa"fixedmind-set(思維模式)

30、."Mistakescracktheirself-confidencebecausetheyattributeerrorstoalackofability,whichtheyfeelpowerlesstochange.Theyavoidchallengesbecausechallengesmakemistakesmorelikely.Themastery-orientedchildren,ontheotherhand,thinkintelligenceisnotfixedandcanbedevelopedthrougheducationandhardwork.Suchchildren

31、believechallengesareenergizingratherthanintimidating(令人生畏);theyofferopportunitiestolearn.Studentswithsuchagrowthmind-setweredestined(注定)forgreateracademicsuccessandwerequitelikelytooutperformtheircounterparts.E) WevalidatedtheseexpectationsinastudyinwhichtwootherpsychologistsandImonitored373students

32、fortwoyearsduringthetransitiontojuniorhighschool,whentheworkgetsmoredifficultandthegradingmorestrict,todeterminehowtheirmind-setsmightaffecttheirmathgrades.Atthebeginningofseventhgrade,weassessedthestudents'mind-setsbyaskingthemtoagreeordisagreewithstatementssuchas"Yourintelligenceissomethi

33、ngverybasicaboutyouthatyoucan'treallychange."Wethenassessedtheirbeliefsaboutotheraspectsoflearningandlookedtoseewhathappenedtotheirgrades.F) Aspredicted,thestudentswithagrowthmind-setfeltthatlearningwasamoreimportantgoalthangettinggoodgrades.Inaddition,theyheldhardworkinhighregard.Theyunder

34、stoodthatevengeniuseshavetoworkhard.Confrontedbyasetbacksuchasadisappointingtestgrade,studentswithagrowthmind-setsaidtheywouldstudyharderortryadifferentstrategy.Thestudentswhoheldafixedmind-set,however,wereconcernedaboutlookingsmartwithlessregardforlearning.Theyhadnegativeviewsofeffort,believingthat

35、havingtoworkhardwasasignoflowability.Theythoughtthatapersonwithtalentorintelligencedidnotneedtoworkhardtodowell.Attributingabadgradetotheirownlackofability,thosewithafixedmind-setsaidthattheywouldstudylessinthefuture,trynevertotakethatsubjectagainandconsidercheatingonfuturetests.G) Suchdifferentoutl

36、ookshadadramaticimpactonperformance.Atthestartofjuniorhigh,themathachievementtestscoresofthestudentswithagrowthmind-setwerecomparabletothoseofstudentswhodisplayedafixedmind-set.Butastheworkbecamemoredifficult,thestudentswithagrowthmind-setshowedgreaterpersistence.Asaresult,theirmathgradesovertooktho

37、seoftheotherstudentsbytheendofthefirstsemester-andthegapbetweenthetwogroupscontinuedtowidenduringthetwoyearswefollowedthem.H) Afixedmind-setcanalsohindercommunicationandprogressintheworkplaceanddiscourageorignoreconstructivecriticismandadvice.Researchshowsthatmanagerswhohaveafixedmind-setarelesslike

38、lytoseekorwelcomefeedbackfromtheiremployeesthanaremanagerswithagrowthmind-set.I) Howdowetransmitagrowthmind-settoourchildren?Onewayisbytellingstoriesaboutachievementsthatresultfromhardwork.Forinstance,talkingaboutmathematicalgeniuseswhoweremoreorlessbornthatwayputsstudentsinafixedmind-set,butdescrip

39、tionsofgreatmathematicianswhofellinlovewithmathanddevelopedamazingskillsproduceagrowthmind-set.J) Inaddition,parentsandteacherscanhelpchildrenbyprovidingexplicitinstructionregardingthemindasalearningmachine.Idesignedaneight-sessionworkshopfor91studentswhosemathgradesweredecliningintheirfirstyearofju

40、niorhigh.Forty-eightofthestudentsreceivedinstructioninstudyskillsonly,whereastheothersattendedacombinationofstudyskillssessionsandclassesinwhichtheylearnedaboutthegrowthmind-setandhowtoapplyittoschoolwork.Inthegrowthmind-setclasses,studentsreadanddiscussedanarticleentitled"YouCanGrowYourBrain.&

41、quot;Theyweretaughtthatthebrainislikeamusclethatgetsstrongerwithuseandthatlearningpromptsthebraintogrownewconnections.Fromsuchinstruction,manystudentsbegantoseethemselvesasagentsoftheirownbraindevelopment.Despitebeingunawarethatthereweretwotypesofinstruction,teachersreportedsignificantmotivationalch

42、angesin27%ofthechildreninthegrowthmind-setworkshopascomparedwithonly9%ofstudentsinthecontrolgroup.K) Researchisconverging(匯聚)ontheconclusionthatgreataccomplishmentandevengeniusistypicallytheresultofyearsofpassionanddedicationandnotsomethingthatflowsnaturallyfromagift.36. Theauthor'sexperimentsho

43、wsthatstudentswithafixedmind-setbelievehavingtoworkhardisanindicationoflowability.37. Focusingoneffortiseffectiveinhelpingchildrenovercomefrustrationandachievesuccess.38. Wecancultivateagrowthmind-setinchildrenbytellingsuccessstoriesthatemphasizehardworkandloveoflearning.39. Students'beliefabout

44、thecauseoftheirfailureexplainstheirattitudetowardsetbacks.40. Intheauthor'sexperiment,studentswithagrowthmind-setshowedgreaterperseveranceinsolvingdifficultmathproblems.41. Theauthorconductedanexperimenttofindoutabouttheinfluenceofstudents'mind-setsonmathlearning.42. Afterfailingagainandagai

45、n,mostanimalsgiveuphope.43. Informingstudentsaboutthebrainasalearningmachineisagoodstrategytoenhancetheirmotivationforlearning.44. Peoplewithafixedmind-setbelievethatone'sintelligenceisunchangeable.45. Intheworkplace,feedbackmaynotbesowelcometomanagerswithafixedmind-set.SectionCDirections:Therea

46、re2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA.,B.,C.AndD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage."

47、;Sugar,alcoholandtobacco,"economistAdamSmithoncewrote,"arecommoditieswhicharenowherenecessariesoflife,whichhavebecomeobjectsofalmostuniversalconsumption,andwhichare,therefore,extremelypopularsubjectsoftaxation."Twoandahaftcenturieson,mostcountriesimposesomesortoftaxonalcoholandtobacco

48、.Withsurgingobesitylevelsputtingincreasingstrainonpublichealthsystems,governmentsaroundtheworldhavebeguntotoywiththeideaoftaxingsugaraswell.Whethersuchtaxesworkisamatterofdebate.ApreliminaryreviewofMexico'staxationfoundafallinpurchasesoftaxeddrinksaswellasariseinsalesofuntaxedandhealthierdrinks.

49、Bycontrast,aDanishtaxonfoodshighinfatswasabandonedayearafteritsintroduction,amidclaimsthatconsumerswereavoidingitbycrossingthebordertoGermanytosatisfytheirdesireforcheaper,fattierfare.Thefoodindustryhas,ingeneral,beenfirmlyopposedtosuchdirectgovernmentaction.Nonetheless,therenewedfocusonwaistlinesme

50、ansthatindustrygroupsareunderpressuretodemonstratetheirproductsarehealthyaswellastasty.Overthepastthreedecades,theindustryhasmadesomeeffortstoimprovethequalityofitsofferings.Forexample,somedrinkmanufacturershavecuttheamountofsugarintheirbeverages.Manyofthereductionsoverthepast30yearshavebeenachieved

51、eitherbyreducingtheamountofsugar,saltorfatinaproduct,orbyfindinganalternativeingredient.Morerecently,however,somecompanieshavebeeninvestingmoneyinamoreambitiousundertaking:learninghowtoadjustthefundamentalmake-upofthefoodtheysell.Forexample,havingsaltontheoutside,butnoneontheinside,reducesthesaltcon

52、tentwithoutchangingthetaste.Whilereformulatingrecipes（配方）isonewaytoimprovepublichealth,itshouldbepartofamulti-sidedapproach.Thekeyistorememberthatthereisnotjustonesolution.Todealwithobesity,amixtureofapproaches-includingreformulation,taxationandadjustingportionsizes-willbeneeded.Thereisnosilverbulle

53、t.46. WhatdidAdamSmithsayaboutsugar,alcoholand.tobacco?A. Theywereprofitabletomanufacture.B. Theywereinever-increasingdemand.C. Theyweresubjecttotaxationalmosteverywhere.D. Theywerenolongerconsiderednecessitiesoflife.47. Whyhavemanycountriesstartedtoconsidertaxingsugar?A. Theyareundergrowingpressure

54、tobalancetheirnationalbudgets.B. Theyfinditeverhardertocopewithsugar-inducedhealthproblems.C. Thepracticeoftaxingalcoholandtobaccohasprovedbothpopularandprofitable.D. Thesugarindustryisovertakingalcoholandtobaccobusinessingeneratingprofits.48. WhatdowelearnaboutDanishtaxationonfat-richfoods?A. Itdid

55、notworkoutaswellaswasexpected.B. Itgaverisetoalotofproblemsontheborder.C. ItcouldnotsucceedwithoutGermancooperation.D. Itmetwithfirmoppositionfromthefoodindustry.49. Whatisthemorerecenteffortbyfoodcompaniestomakefoodsanddrinksbothhealthyandtasty?A. Replacingsugarorsaltwithalternativeingredients.B. S

56、ettingalimitontheamountofsugarorsaltintheirproducts.C. Investinginresearchtofindwaystoadapttoconsumers'needs.D. Adjustingthephysicalcompositionoftheirproducts.50. Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying,attheendofthepassage,"Thereisnosilverbullet"(Line4,Para.7)?A. Thereisnosingleeasyquicksolutio

57、ntotheproblem.B. Thereisnohopeofsuccesswithoutpubliccooperation.C. Thereisnohurryinfindingwaystosolvetheobesityproblem.D.Thereisnoeffectivewaytoreducepeople'ssugarconsumption.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Youmayhaveheardsomeofthefashionindustryhorrorstories:modelseatingt

58、issuesorcottonballstoholdoffhunger,andmodelscollapsingfromhunger-inducedheartattacksjustsecondsaftertheystepofftherunway.Excessivelyskinnymodelshavebeenapointofcontroversyfordecades,andtworesearcherssayamodel'sbodymassshouldbeaworkplacehealthandsafetyissue.InaneditorialreleasedMondayintheAmerica

59、nJournalofPublicHealth,KatherineRecordandBrynAustinmadetheircaseforgovernmentregulationofthefashionindustry.Theaverageinternationalrunwaymodelhasabodymassindex(BMI)under16-lowenoughtoindicatestarvationbytheWorldHealthOrganization'sstandard.AndRecordandAustinareworriednotjustaboutthemodelsthemselves,butaboutthevastnumber