句子成分講解及練習(xí)

1、句子成分講解及練習(xí)主語(yǔ)(subject):句子說明的人或事物。(找出主語(yǔ)并說明是由什么詞充當(dāng)?shù)?The sun rises in the east.() He likes dancing.()Twenty years is a short time in history. ( )Seeing is believing.( )To see is to believe.() What he needs is a book.( )It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree .()謂語(yǔ)(predicate ):說明主

2、語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)和特征。We study English.He is asleep.表語(yǔ)(predicative ):系動(dòng)詞之后的成分，表示主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征。He is a teacher.()Seventy- four! You don t look it.()Five and five is ten. ()Heis asleep.()His father is in.()The picture is on the wall.()My watch is gone / missing / lost.()To wear a flower is to say I m poor, I can t

3、 buy a ring. ()The question is whether they will come.()(常見的系動(dòng)詞有：be, sound(聽起來),look(看起來)，feel( 摸起來，smell (聞起來)，taste (嘗、吃起來),remain(保持，仍是)，feel(感覺)It sounds a good idea.Her voice sounds sweet.The food smells delicious.The door remains open.賓語(yǔ)：1)動(dòng)作的承受者-動(dòng)賓I like China. ()The sound sounds strange.Tom

4、looks thin.The food tastes good.Now I feel tired.He hates you. ()How many do you need? We need two. ()Weshould help the old and the poor. () I enjoy working with you. ()I hope to see you again. () Did you write downwhat he said? ()2)介詞后的名詞、代詞和動(dòng)名詞-介賓Are you afraid of the snake?Under the snow, there a

5、re many rocks.3)雙賓語(yǔ)- 問賓(指人)和直賓(指物)He gave me a book yesterday.Give the poor man some money.賓補(bǔ)：對(duì)賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)充，全稱為賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。We elected him monitor. () We all think it a pity that she didn t comehere. ()We will make them happy. () We found nobody in.()Please make yourself at home. () Dori t let him do that. ()His

6、father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson.()Dori t keep the lights burning. () T II have mybike repaired. ()主補(bǔ)：對(duì)主語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)充。He was elected monitor.She was found singing in the next room.He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.定語(yǔ)：修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或句子。Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher. () He is

7、our friend. ()Webelong to the third world. () He wasadvised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.( )The man over there is my old friend.( )The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister.()The boys playing football are in Class 2.()The trees planted last year are growing well now.()I have an idea to do it

8、well.()You should do everything that I do.()狀語(yǔ)：用來修飾v., adj., adv,或句子。表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、程度、條件、方式和讓步I w川 go there tomorrow.The meeting will be held in the meeting room.The meat went bad because of the hot weather.He studies hard to learnEnglish well.He didn t study hard so that he failed in the exam.I

9、like some of you verymuch.If you study hard, you w川 pass the exam.Though he is young, he can do it well.句子結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單句的五個(gè)基本句型1 .主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)（不及物動(dòng)詞）2 .主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)（及物動(dòng)詞） +賓語(yǔ)3 .主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞 +表語(yǔ)4 .主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)（雙賓動(dòng)詞）十間接賓語(yǔ)5 .主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ) + 賓語(yǔ) + 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)He goes to school by bike.She came. / My head aches.She likes English.She is happy導(dǎo)接賓語(yǔ)She gave Jo

10、hn a book .She bought a book for me.She makes her mother angryThe teacher asked meto read the passage.(There +be There lies a book on the desk.Exercises分析下列句子成分1. Students study.2.3. All of us considered him honest.of sports shoes.5. He broke a piece of glass.the cityIt is a great pleasure to talk w

11、ith you4. Mygrandfather bought mea pair6. He madeit clear that he would leave7. I have two elder sisters children frightened.8.The terriblesound made the10. Grandma told me an interesting9. They pushed the door open, story last night.11. He wrote carefully some letters to his friends, highly of his

12、teaching13. We need a place twice larger than this one. English song.15. Tigers are dangerous animals .will12. All the students think14. He asked us to sing anmakeour school more beautiful.18. I made17. I consider it possible to work out the problem in another way. Tom monitor.19. He showed the tick

13、et to the conductor. 20. She showed us her many of her pictures.21. The old man lives a lonely life.22. This term I have written threeletters to my paren ts.翻譯練習(xí)：主謂結(jié)構(gòu)（主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞）1你應(yīng)當(dāng)努力學(xué)習(xí)。2她昨天晚上回家很晚。3 .五年前我住在北京。4 .在過去的十年里，我的家鄉(xiāng)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)（主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)）1 .昨晚我寫了一封信。2 .這本書他讀過多次了。3 .那位先生能流利地說三種語(yǔ)言。4 .他不知道

14、說什麼好。主系表結(jié)構(gòu)（主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)）1我的兄弟都是大學(xué)生。2.布朗夫人看起來很健康。3,她的工作是在幼兒園里照看兒童4.這個(gè)報(bào)告聽起來很有意思。雙賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)（主語(yǔ)+雙賓動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)1 Johnson先生去年教我們彳惠語(yǔ)。2 . Mary把錢包交給校長(zhǎng)了。3,他把車票給列車員看。4 .我父親已經(jīng)給我買了一輛新自行車。復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu) （主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）1 .我們大家都認(rèn)為他是誠(chéng)實(shí)的。2 .我要你把真相告訴我。3 .衛(wèi)兵命令我們立即離開。4 .每天早晨我們都聽到他大聲朗讀英語(yǔ)。15我要請(qǐng)人把我的錄音機(jī)修理一下。16那可怕的聲音把孩子們嚇壞了17她正在聽人家講故事。18男孩

15、子們都在看士兵們操練。19我從來沒看見這個(gè)字這樣用過。20他感到很難跟你交談。21我想乘船去那里更舒服些。22我認(rèn)為有可能用另一種方法解題。23學(xué)校定了一條規(guī)則，開始上課時(shí)學(xué)生要起立。24我認(rèn)為與那個(gè)人談話是無益的。There be 句型1今晚沒有會(huì)2這個(gè)村子過去只有一口井3這個(gè)學(xué)校有一名音樂老師和一名美術(shù)老師5天氣預(yù)報(bào)說下午有大風(fēng)。7戰(zhàn)前這兒一直有家電影院的。4客人當(dāng)中有兩名美國(guó)人和兩名法國(guó)人6燈亮著，辦公室里肯定有人。8恰好那時(shí)房里沒人。9從前，在海邊的一個(gè)村子里住著一位老漁夫11就只剩下二十八美元了。13鈴響了。10公共汽車來了。12在這個(gè)山洞前面長(zhǎng)著一棵高大的松樹14二月份有二十八天。

16、KEYS分析下列句子成分1.主語(yǔ)十系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)2.主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞 +表語(yǔ)3.主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞 +賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)4.主語(yǔ)+雙賓動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)5.主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)6.主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞 +形式賓語(yǔ)it +賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)7.主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)8.主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞 +表語(yǔ)9.主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞 +賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)10.主語(yǔ)+雙賓動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)11.主語(yǔ)+雙賓動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)12主語(yǔ) +及物動(dòng)詞 +賓語(yǔ)13.主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)14.主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)15.主語(yǔ)十系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)16.主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞 +賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)17.主語(yǔ)十系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)18.主語(yǔ)+雙賓動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)19.主語(yǔ)

17、+小及物動(dòng)詞20.主語(yǔ)十小及物動(dòng)詞21.主語(yǔ)十系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)22.主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞 +表語(yǔ)23.主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)24.主語(yǔ)十小及物動(dòng)詞25.主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)26.主語(yǔ)十小及物動(dòng)詞27.主語(yǔ)+雙賓動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)28.主語(yǔ)+雙賓動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)29 .主語(yǔ) +及物動(dòng)詞 +賓語(yǔ)30 .主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)翻譯練習(xí)：主謂結(jié)構(gòu)（主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞）1You should study hard.2 She went home very late yesterday evening.3That morning we talked a great deal.4The meeting

18、will last two hours.5Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years.6Things of that sort are happening all over the world every day.7The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing in 1919.8Classes begin at eight every day.9This box weighs five kilos.10 I lived in Beijing five yea

19、rs ago.主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)（主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ) ）wrote a letter last night.want to talk with you this afternoon.has read this book many times.have carried out the plan successfully.must finish reading these books in two weeks.gentlemen can speak three languages fluently.received a letter from my pen friend in Australia.can

20、not dress himself.of us believe that Jack is an honest boy. did not know what to say.主系表結(jié)構(gòu)（主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)）1 My brothers are all college students. 2ln winter, the days are short and the nights are long.3 Mrs Brown looks very healthy. 4At the age of fifteen he became a famous pianist.5 Children, keep qui

21、et please. 6 This book is about the history of the United States.7Her job is to look after the children in the nursery. 8He is out of work.9The leaves have turned yellow. 10The report sounds interesting.雙賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)（主語(yǔ)+雙賓動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ) +直接賓語(yǔ)）1 Mr Johnson taught us German last year.2Grandma told me an interesting

22、story last night.3Mary handed the wallet to the schoolmaster.4Would you please pass me the dictionary?5He showed the ticket to the conductor.6This term I have written three letters to my parents.7My father has bought me a new bike.8Robinson Crusoe made himself a boat.9Will you please get me a new co

23、py?10 Shall I call you a taxi?復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu) (主語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)詞+1We call her Alice.3 Al I of us considered him honest.5They have set the thief free.7He asked us to join in the game.9The guards ordered us to leave at once, machine.11 Every morning we hear him read English aloud. 13We wob t let her go out at night.151

24、II get my recorder mended.賓語(yǔ) + 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ))2His parents named him John.4They pushed the door open.6We will make our school more beautiful.81 want you to tell me the truth.WTomorrow I II have someone repair the12The pain made him cry out.14He has his hair cut once a month.16The terrible sound made the child

25、renfrightened. 17She is listening to someone telling stories.18he boys were watching thesoldiers drilling.191 have never seen the word used that way before. 20He felt it very difficult to talk with you.211 think it more comfortable to go there by ship.22I consider it possible to work out the problem

26、 in another way.23The school made it a rule that the students should stand up when class begins.24I thought it no use talking with that manThere be 句型I There isn t going to be a meeting tonight.2There was only a well in the village.3There is (are) a teacher of music and a teacher of art in the schoo

27、l.4Among the guests there were two Americans and two Frenchmen.5The weatherman says there II be a stron g wind in the afternoon. 66The light is on. There must be someone ion the office.7There used to be a cinema here before the war.8There happened to be nobody in the room.9Once, there lived an old f

28、isherman in a village by the sea.10There comes the bus.II There remained just twenty-eight dollars.12ln front of the cave, there stands(grows) a tall pine tree.13There goes the bell.14There are twenty-eight days in February分析下列句子成分1. Students study. 2. We are friends. 3. They are teachers, play with

29、 him.5. This is a red sun.6. He is a tall boy.7. The students study hard.8. I often write to him.9. The bag is too heavy. 10. The tall boy often go to the big zoo.11. The happy child went to his home.have two elder sisters.13. They dont swim very well.14. Do you go to school every day? 15. I have a

30、dream.16. You don t find opportunities17. You make them.won t hear the knock .19. Your television is always on.is money.21.Three o clock is always too latewas made monitor. 23. I made Tom monitor.24. I am sure to succeed.25. This is beautiful music.26There are only two kinds of music. 27. Puff lived

31、 by the sea.28. Can you feel the love tonight? 29. Home never looks so good.30. You come back comes spring. 32. I ve never been to America33. I don t know much about it.34. Frankly speaking, the food is not very good.35. To love others makes us love ourselves makes us lonely.37. We are made to love

32、is the best teacher.39. They are going to Melbourne.40. When you reach for the stars, you may not quite get one, but you won with a handful of sand either.41. The painter painted a very nice picture.42. They fought against SARS bravely.43. To see is to believe.44. Helping animals is to help people.4

33、5. It is very comfortable to have a Class A.46. Eating too much is bad for your health.47. The man looks . Tigers are dangerous animals.49. Keep the keyboards clean, children.50. You go there and fetch me a glass of water.51. Computers are made in this factory. 52. Where are they?53. Does the boy li

34、ke staying home?55. Neither Jim nor Rose has passed the exam.56. The Chinese people are a hardworking and brave people.57. He travelled in space.58. Who teaches you English this year? 59. The pizza has gone bad.60. I am making so much noise61. He can t have finished reading the 800-page-long novel.6

35、2. Something must be done t 63. You d better go over the lesson.64. They should have been there . What are you doing this evening?t come up 66. Many trees have been cut down since 1970s.67. He made up his mind to be a vet.68. He does not enjoy himself very much. 69. Did any of you see dinosaur eggs?

36、70. Many trees have been cut down since 1970s.71. Feeling good about yourself is essential to feeling good about life.72. They wake up the other family members.73. The kings of ancient Egypt had strong tombs built for themselves.74. Air and water is necessary to us all.75. The Olympic Games is held

37、every other year.76. The angel also came to Joseph and told him the same thing.77. He told me that the company could not afford to pay him so much money.78. They enjoy watching football gamesso much that they often forget their lessons.79. I think to be a children s doctor is very rewarding80. Listen to the . Can you hear anything exciting?82. What did he see?83. What does he write a