書面表達講解與訓練——圖表類寫作

1、圖表類寫作 圖表作文多以說明文和議論文為主，要求考生根據所給的圖表、數據及標題進行分析、研究，閱讀其中的文字和說明，弄清各種信息之間的關系，提煉和確定出文章的中心思想。然后進行分析、概括和歸納。注意：1）圖表和數據內容不必全部描述。2）善于抓住總的規(guī)律，趨勢，歸納增減率。 3）時態(tài)：特定時間用過去時。經常出現的情況或自己的評述用一般現在時。圖表作文形式有 數字表：曲線圖(line graph) 表格 (table) 圖形表：餅狀圖(pie chart) 條狀圖(bar chart)常見的表達用語 短語: 上升： go up to/ climb to/ increase to/ rise to/

2、jump to The population of this city has been increasing so rapidly that it has now amounted to 250 million. There was a rapid increase between 1993 and 1994, and the number then jumped to five million in 1995. 保持沒變： remain; not change The number of fires in each month remained the same. 下降： fall to;

3、 go down to; decrease; drop to; decline; In comparison with that in 1988, the percentage of peak points decreased by 30%. The number of South American travelers increased slightly and the number of visitors from Europe declined slightly. 句式： The table shows (indicates) that a great number of people

4、spent their holidays traveling abroad. As we can see from the graph that the rate dropped slightly from 38% in 1993 to 31% in 2003. From the table we can find out that only 35% of the people have taken in physical activities. According to Chart I,the number was ten times as many as in 1995. Compared

5、 with the boys, the girls show more interested in chatting. The number of the boys playing games is much larger than that of the girls. .is equal to that of. It doubled the number of last year. 結束語 As can be seen from the chart that, only 10% of the time is taken up with sports activities. As is sho

6、wn in the chart, the production last month rose so significantly As is described in the chart, the total number of visitors to the United States had nearly doubled to 2.7 million person by 1974. After giving a careful consideration to the problem, I think I will be able to select the one who best fi

7、ts the position. It is clear from the chart that as incomes increase people can afford to live more comfortably and eat well. Therefore, we need to educate our children, warning them of the dangers of playing with matches. In conclusion, the upward trends suggest that more and more computer users wi

8、ll have access to Internet in the future. In summary, smoking increased three different times and declined twice, with the last downward trend still continuing.常用連接詞 To move to the next major point: whats more, in addition, besides, furthermore. To contrast a point: on the contrary, on the other han

9、d, nevertheless, however, yet. To conclude a point: consequently, as a result, in other words, in short, accordingly. To emphasize a point: without doubt, chiefly, as a matter of fact, in fact.【典型例題】圖表類作文分析與講解 例1. 某學校對中學生課余活動進行了調查，結果如下。請根據圖表1提供的信息描述學生每天的課余活動，并針對圖表2中任何一個數據中反映的情況寫出你的一個看法。詞數不少于60。 生詞：圖

10、表chart 例文：Chart 1 shows the daily average amount of time the students of the school spend on different after-class activities. The students put the most time93 minutesinto their homework, and next in line is watching TV, which takes up 46 minutes. They put in about the same amount of time listening

11、to music and working on the computer, 34 minutes and 30 minutes each. While 25 minutes is spent on sports, only 12 minutes goes into housework. As is shown on Chart 2, only 10% of the time is taken up with sports activities. I think the school should encourage the students to do more exercise after

12、class. This way, they may be healthier and more energetic. 對圖表準確說明和表達信息的能力 根據信息闡述個人觀點的能力 安排好要點和數據的表達，組織好文章的結構是完成這篇寫作任務的要點 （以往的寫作任務是要求學生根據圖片或是文字信息來敘述內容，表達思想，屬于記敘文體。 但這篇寫作任務是說明和議論的結合。） 例2. 2001上海春招 某城市近年每百人中手機用戶增長示意圖 根據所給圖表，簡要描述某城市近年每百人中手機用戶增長情況，并試分析其增長原因。 例文：More and more people have mobile phones in

13、 recent years. In 1995, only one person in a hundred had a mobile phone in some city, showed as the above diagram. In 1997, 10 persons in a hundred had mobile phones. The number of the people who had mobile phones was ten times as many as in 1995. In 1999, there were 20 persons who had mobile phones

14、. In 2001, a half of the persons in a hundred had mobile phones. There are several reasons for the increase of the number of people having mobile phones. First, the technology of making mobile phones is changing rapidly. Secondly, peoples income had been increasing quickly. Thirdly, mobile phones ar

15、e useful in peoples life. They can communicate with others very conveniently. 課堂練習 1. 某對外發(fā)行的英文報紙對中國群眾體育現狀進行了調查，請根據下列圖表和所給提示，用英語寫一篇報道，向該報投稿。 參加體育活動的人口比例： 影響人們參加體育活動的客觀原因： （a）不懂鍛煉方法者 （b）場地遠、不方便 （c）缺少場地設施 （d）缺少時間 針對以上狀況作出說明： 缺乏體育鍛煉會使人們的體質下降； 應充分認識體育鍛煉的重要性； 應采取措施，提供人們鍛煉的場地和器材(facilities); 詞數：100 120； 例文

16、：ecently we made a survey of the people on physical training. Only 35 percent of the surveyed people have taken part in physical activities, but the rest never have. There are many reasons for this. Over half of the people say they havent got enough time to do exercise. 34.9% of them complain that t

17、hey dont have places where they can relax and that there are not enough training facilities. 12.9% of the people feel that they live too far away from the training centers. Some of them even dont know how to train. Because of lack of physical training, many people are not in good health. People shou

18、ld realize the importance of it, and measures should be taken to provide people with more training facilities and places.【模擬試題】寫作練習 1. 根據所繪表格，為某城市市報寫一篇新聞報道，簡要描述該市近年家用電腦用戶增長情況，并分析其增長原因。主要原因為：電腦在各個領域的廣泛使用；上網獲取信息的方便，快捷；學校普遍開設電腦課程；近兩年家庭收入增長等。 Recently the average number of personal computers in every 10

19、0 families has been increasing rapidly in our city . In 1995_ 2. 下列表格為某城市1993年與2002年人們度假方式的情況比較， 請按表格內容對度假方式變化的原因進行簡要的分析。 19932002原因境外旅游11%22%收入增加海邊度假38%31%海水污染爬山野營11%34%回歸自然【試題答案】寫作練習 1. Recently the average number of personal computers in every 100 families has been increasing rapidly in our city.

20、 In 1995 there were only two or three computers in per hundred families. In 1997, 10% of families began to own computers, and 20% in 1999. With the wide use of computers in all kinds of fields and the increase of family income, 50% of the families have their own computers at home in 2001. Searching for information easily and conveniently on Internet and computer lessons taught in school are also the reasons why so many families have computers. It is believed that in the near future more and more people will buy computers for their own. 2. The way peopl