中考英語專題與練習現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別有答案

1、現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別專題與練習一、現(xiàn)在完成時1. 現(xiàn)在完成時的構成現(xiàn)在完成時是由助動詞have （has）+ 動詞的過去分詞 構成。助動詞說明該謂語是屬于現(xiàn)在時范圍。它和主語的人稱、數(shù)要保持一致。過去分詞是主要的謂語動詞，說明句子的意義。2. 現(xiàn)在完成時的用法現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去某時發(fā)生的行為對主語目前產(chǎn)生的影響。即用過去發(fā)生的某個行為來說明現(xiàn)在的某種情況。We are good friends.（ 現(xiàn)在的情況）I knew him in 1997. （過去的動作）We have known each other since 1997.（現(xiàn)在完成時把過去的動作和現(xiàn)在聯(lián)系起來并著眼于現(xiàn)在）

2、（ 1） 表示動作發(fā)生在過去某個不確定的時間，但對現(xiàn)在留下了某種影響和結果。常被 just 、 already 、 yet 等副詞修飾。 如：-Have you had lunch yet?-Yes, I have. I've just had it.你（已經(jīng)）吃午飯了嗎？ 我剛剛吃過。（現(xiàn)在我不餓了）（ 2） 表示從過去某一時刻開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。這個動作可能剛停止，可能仍然在進行。常帶有for 和 since 等表示一段時間的狀語。如： He has taught here since 1981他自 1981 年就在這兒教書。（可能還要繼續(xù)教）I haven't

3、 seen her for four years.我有四年沒見到她了。（ 3） 表示說話前發(fā)生過一次或多次的動作，現(xiàn)在成為一種經(jīng)驗，一般譯為漢語“過”，常帶有twice, ever,never, three times 等時間狀語。如： I have been to Beijing twice. 我去過北京二次。3. 現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語（ 1） 現(xiàn)在完成時屬于現(xiàn)在時范圍，故不能和過去的時間狀語連用。如：yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago 等。但是，在強調(diào)動作產(chǎn)生的后果 和影響時，可以和一些表示不確定的時間狀語連用。a. 用副詞 alrea

4、dy 和 yet 。 already 一般用于肯定句中， yet 一般用于否定句和疑 問句中。如： We have already finished our homework. 我們已完成作業(yè)了。They haven't finished their homework yet. 他們還沒有完成作業(yè)。b. 用 ever 和 never 。多用于否定或疑問句中，表示“曾經(jīng)”或“從未”等。如： -Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你曾經(jīng)去過長城嗎？-I have never been to the Great Wall. 我從未去過長城。c. 用表示

5、到說話為止的過去時間狀語，如 just, before, up to now, the past few years 等。例如： I have seen her before, but I can not remember where.我以前見過她，但記不起在哪里見過。He has been there three times the last few days. 近幾天他去過那里三次了。d. 用包括“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)的時間狀語， 如： now, today, this morning （month, year, term） 等。例如： -Have you met him today? -No, I

6、 haven't.今天你見過他嗎？我沒有。How many times have you been there this year?今年你去過那里多少次?(2)現(xiàn)在完成時可以和帶有since或for等表示“一段時間”的狀語連用，表示 動作或狀態(tài)從某一時刻開始， 一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。如：I haven't seen him for two years. 但是，像come, arrive, buy等終止性動詞不能與表示“一段時間”的狀語連用。要用，必須改為“ be (在)”等延續(xù)性動詞來表述?，F(xiàn)歸納總結一下由非延續(xù)性動詞到 延續(xù)性動詞的轉(zhuǎn)換：arrive fbe herebegin(s

7、tart) -be ondie fbe deadcome back fbe backleave fbe awayfall 川(sick, asleep) -be 川(sick,asleep)get up fbe upgo out fbe outfinishfbe overput onfwear 或 be onopenfbe openjoinfbe in 或 be a member of close fbe closedgo to schoolfbe a studentborrow fkeepbuy fhavecatch(a cold) ，have(a cold) get to know fkn

8、ow begin to studyfstudycome to work fwork 等如：He has been a soldier for three years.他父親去世二年了。電影已開始十分鐘了我們(開始)學英語已三年了。His father has been dead for two years.The film has been on for ten minutes.We have studied English for three years.4.幾點注意事項(1) have been(to)與 have gone( to)的區(qū)別：have been(to)表示“去過某地(現(xiàn) 在

9、已經(jīng)回來了)”，可用于各人稱；have gone(to)表示“去某地了(說話時某人不在 當?shù)?”，常用于第三人稱，前者可與 once ,never, several times等連用，后者則不能。如：They have been to Beijing twice.他們?nèi)ミ^北京兩次。He has gone to Beijing .他去北京了。2) 如單純表示一段時間， 或強調(diào)一段時間， 雖有 since 一詞， 也不必用完成時。如： It is two years since his father died.=His father has been dead for two years. 他父親

10、去世已有兩年了。(3) 3) 終止性動詞現(xiàn)在完成時的否定式，已變成一種可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài)，因此可以和表示一段時間的狀語連用。如： I haven't left here since 1997. 自從 1997年以來，我一直沒有離開過這 兒。(4) 表示行為或狀態(tài)從過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在時，用現(xiàn)在完成時，要加表示一段時for 一段時間 , since 時間點。I have lived here since my childhood. 我從小就一直住在這里。I have lived here for 10 years. 我在這已經(jīng)住了 10 年了。(5) 在提問現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語時通常用 how

11、 longHow long have you lived here?注意：在表示某一行為狀態(tài)持續(xù)多長時間時，根據(jù)終止時間的不同，時態(tài)使用是不一樣的。如：去年夏天我在這里住了一周。到現(xiàn)在為止，我已經(jīng)在這里住了一周。明年我會在這里住一周。I lived here for a week last summer.I have lived here for a week by now.I will live here for a week next year.二、現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時用來表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動作或狀態(tài)， 其結果的確和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系。動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去，但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存

12、在；而一般過去時表示過去的事實，不表示和現(xiàn)在的關系。I have just been to London. I went there last month.我剛?cè)ミ^倫敦，是上個月去的。1. 過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，強調(diào)動作；現(xiàn)在完成時為過去發(fā)生的，強調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響，強調(diào)的是影響。2. 過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用，或無時間狀語。一般過去時的時間狀語:yesterday, last week ,ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具體的時間狀語共同的時間狀語:this morning, t

13、onight, this April, now, once， before, already, recently ， lately現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,3. 現(xiàn)在完成時可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，動詞一般是延續(xù)性的，如 live, teach, learn, work, study, know.過去時常用的非持續(xù)性動詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become,get

14、married 等。舉例：I saw this film yesterday.I have seen this film.了。）Why did you get up so early?Who hasn't handed in his paper?She has returned from Paris.（強調(diào)看的動作發(fā)生過了。）（強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道（強調(diào)起床的動作已發(fā)生過了。）（強調(diào)有卷子，可能為不公平競爭。）她已從巴黎回來了。She returned yesterday.她是昨天回來了。（在團內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù)）（是團員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù)）（ 三年前入團，joined為短He

15、has been in the League for three years.He has been a League member for three years.He joined the League three years ago.暫行為。)I have finished my homework now.-Will somebody go and get Dr. White?-He's already been sent for.句子中如有過去時的時間副詞(如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960)時，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時，要用過去時。(錯) Tom ha

16、s written a letter to his parents last night.(對)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.三、練習題1. A. 用 already 或 yet1) Have they taken down the old pictures ? No, they haven' t2) Most of us have finished our compositions . 3) He said he hadn ' t visited the exhibition. _B.用 since 或 for1)

17、We have learned five lessonsthe beginning of this term.2) Mrs Liao has been in hospital last week.3) I have stayed at my aunt ' s two weeks.C. 用 have gone 或 have been1) Where are the boy students? They to the school factory.2) Is your father in? No, he _ to Shenzhen.he ever there before ?Yes, he

18、 there several times3) He asked me if I to Hangzhou before.neverI told him that I wanted to go there for a visit as Ito that city before.2.選擇填空me a new coat yesterday. I it on. It fits me well.A. had made have tried B. madehave triedC. has made - triedD. madetried2 “He to draw horses already ”. “Whe

19、n he?”“ Last yearA. learned- has B. learned did C. has learned- has D. haslearned didup into the tree. Look, he high up there !A. has got is B. has climbed - was C. got was D. climbed is you the text yet ? Yes, we it two hours ago.A. Did copydid B. Have - copied - haveC. Havecopied did D. Did copyha

20、d5. "Why she angry ?”“Because he at her just_ _力now .A. did get shoutedB. has got shoutedC. did get has shouted D. has got has shouted6. you the film before ? Where you it 'A. Have - seen- did - seeB. Did - see - did - watchC. Have seen have seenD. Did see have seenme waiting for two hours.

21、 I for you since five.A. kept - waitedB. have kept - waitedC. kept have waitedD. have kept have waitedJohn? To the library. He there for anhour.been - has gone B. has gone - has beenC. did gowentD. did bewentthe baby still? No, it crying.A. Has cried has stoppedC. Did cry stoppedB. Is crying stopped

22、D. Is crying has stopped10. I the way. I here for quite many years.A. knew have livedB. knew live C. know have lived D.know live11. you ever America ? Yes, I have.A. Have - gone to B. Have- gone in C. Have - been to D. Have - been in12. My brother college for over three years.A. has gone to B. has b

23、een to C. has been in D. has been at the Army by the end of 1989. He in the army since then.A. joined is B. has joined has beenC. had joined is D. h ad joined has been14. By the time I back they up ten satellites.A. came- have sent B. came- had sent C. come- have sent D. had come- sent15. Jack over

24、five lessons by seven o clock. Then he a rest.A. went - took B. went - had taken C. had gone - took D. had gone - had taken16. We out by that time that he a spy for a long time.A. had found - had been B. had found - was C. found - had been D. found was17. Before the news him, he to know about it.A.

25、reaches has got B. reached had got C. reached got D. had reached - got18. I him a second letter before I from him.A. wrote heard B. wrote had heard C. had written heard D. havewritten -hear19. People that the soldiers fighting.A. say had stopped B. said has stopped C. say stopped D. said had stopped

26、20. We in a good harvest because we enough rain.A. didn ' t get had had B. got had had C. had got had had D. got hadn' t had21. They for five hours when they in New York.A. flew arrivedB. had flown had arrivedC. flew had arrivedD. had flown arrived22. She that it for two days by that day.A. s