英語三大從句綜合知識點(共10頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質文檔-傾情為你奉上高中重點語法-定語從句【考點】對定語從句的考查主要集中在以下幾個方面：1 定語從句的功用和結構；2 關系代詞和關系副詞的功用；3 各個關系代詞和關系副詞的具體用法；【精講】一. 定語從句的功用和結構在復合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。被定從句修飾的詞叫做先行詞。定語從句必須放在先行詞之后。引導定語從句的關聯(lián)詞有關系代詞和關系副詞。例如：This is the present that he gave me for my birthday.二. 關系代詞和關系副詞的功用 關系代詞和關系副詞用來引導定于從句，在先行詞和定語從句之間起紐帶作用，使二者聯(lián)系起來。

2、關系代詞和關系副詞又在定語從句中充當一個成分。關系待客做主語，賓語，定語，關系副詞可作狀語。1. 作主語：關系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，從句的謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)須和先行詞一致。例如：I dont like people who talk much but do little.2. 作賓語：She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday.3. 作定語:關系代詞whose在定語從句中作定語用。例如：Whats the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor?4. 作狀語Ill

3、never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.三. 各個關系代詞和關系副詞的具體用法1. who 指人，在定語從句中作主語。例如：The person who broke the window must pay for it.2. whom指人，在定語從句中作賓語。例如：Mr Lee (whom) you want to see has come.3. whose 指人，在定語從句中作定語。例如：The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.4. which指物，在定語從中作主語

4、或賓語。例如：A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.5.that多指物，有時也指人，在定語從句中作主語或賓語。例如：Ive read the newspaper that(which) carries the important news.6. when 指時間，在定語從句中作狀語。例如：He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.7. where 指地點，在定語從句中作狀語。例如：This is the house where we lived last year.四. 關

5、系代詞 whom， which 在定語從句中作介詞賓語時，可以和介詞一起放于先行詞與定語從句之間，有時為了關系緊湊也可以將 whom 與 which 與先行詞緊挨著書寫，而將介詞置于定語從句的后面，如：That was the room in which we had lived for ten years. = That was the room which we had lived in for ten years. 五. 具體使用時還要注意下列問題：1. 只能使用that,不用which 的情況：(1) 先行詞是all, few, little, nothing, everything,

6、 anything 等不定代詞時。例如： All that he said is true. (2) 先行詞被only, no, any, all,等詞修飾時。例如：He is the only foreigner that has been to that place. (3) 先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾的詞。例如：He was the second (person) that told me the secret.(4) 先行詞是形容詞最高級或被形容詞最高級修飾的詞。例如：This is the best book (that) I have read this year.(5) 先行詞

7、既包括人又包括物時。例如：He talked about the people and the things he remembered.2. 只能用which，不用that 的情況：(1) 在非限制性定語從中。例如：The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted.(2) 定語從句由介詞+關系代詞引導，先行詞是物時。例如：The thing about which he is talking is of great importance.高中重點語法之-狀語從句狀語從句主要有：(九種)時間、地點、原因、條件、讓步、目的、（結果

8、、方式、比較、） 一、時間狀語從句1.常見關聯(lián)詞1）. 基本類包括before, after, when, while, as, since, till, until, once, as soon as 等。 如：Did anyone call when I was out? 我不在家時誰來過電話嗎?We have known each other since we were children. 我們從小認識。Youll feel better after you take the pills. 吃完藥丸后你會感到好一些。Make sure that all the lights are of

9、f before you go to bed. 睡覺前一定要關燈。Dont promise him anything till weve had time to think about it. 在我們有時間考慮之前別答應他什么。2）. 句型類包括no soonerthan, ；scarcelywhen等。如：I had closed the door than somebody knocked. 我剛把門關上就有人敲門。Hardly were the words utteredwhen he began to regret them. 話剛說出口他就開始后悔了。2.考點1）. when，whi

10、le，as顯然都可以引導時間狀語從句，但用法區(qū)別非常大。 a)、when可以和延續(xù)性動詞連用，也可以和短暫性動詞連用；而while和as只能和延續(xù)性動詞連用。 Why do you want a new job when youve got such a good one already？（get為短暫性動詞）你已經(jīng)找到如此好的工作，為何還想再找新的？ Sorry，I was out when you called me（call為短暫性動詞） 對不起，你打電話時我剛好外出了。 Strike while the iron is hot（is為延續(xù)性動詞，表示一種持續(xù)的狀態(tài)） 趁熱打鐵。 The

11、 students took notes as they listened（listen為延續(xù)性動詞） 學生們邊聽課邊做筆記。 2)、till、until、not.until的用法The boy didnt smile until he saw his motherNot until he saw his mother did the little boy smile.It was not until he saw his mother that the little boy smiled.Until he saw his mother, the little boy didnt smile.

12、3)、表示“一.就”的連詞1、once, as soon as; hardly/scarcely.when; no sooner.than; the minute; the moment; the instant; immediately; directly; instantly都表示“一.就”4）It is/has been +時間段+since從句（一般過去時）5）while ：1當時候；2，然而；3，盡管，雖然單選練習：1.“ youre there,can you get me some stamps?” A.as B.while C.because D.if2. Its almost

13、 three years_I last saw her. A. since B.when C.that D. after二、地點狀語從句地點狀語從句通常由where, wherever，anywhere, everywhere引導,地點狀語從句常置于主句之后。至于句首，常用逗號隔開，表示強調作用。Where I live，there are plenty of trees. 我住的地方樹很多。 Wherever I am，I will be thinking of you. 不管我在哪里我都會想到你。三、原因狀語從句 引導詞：because, since, as和for 1because語勢最

14、強，用來說明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的問題；他可以與強調詞only 和just連用；他可用在It is .that.強調句中I didnt go, because I was afraid.2當原因是顯而易見的或已為人們所知，就用as或 since。Since有既然的含義，as引導的原因狀語從句，若強調時還可以倒裝。Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.Hard as he studied, he passed the test with ease.四、條件狀語從句 連接詞主要：if, unless,

15、as/so long as, on condition that、suppose(that)/ supposing (that), providing/provided(that), in case等。.1. 條件狀語從句中時態(tài)的用法1) 一般現(xiàn)在時表將來Unless I am free, I wont take you to the park.2) if 引導的條件句有真實條件句和非真實條件句兩種。非真實條件句已在虛擬語氣中闡述。If I were you, I would go with him.3)主句和條件從句的時態(tài)關系 I apologize if I you, but I assu

16、re you it was unintentional. A.offend B.had offended C.should have offended D.might have offended2.unless = if not. Lets go out for a walk unless you are too tired. If you are not too tied, lets go out for a walk. You will be late _ you leave immediately. A. unless B. until C. if D. or 五，目的狀語從句 表示目的

17、狀語的從句可以由that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case等詞引導，從句中常有may/might;shall/should;will/would;can/could等例如： You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all.1、從句一般位于主句后2、lest, for fear that, in case引導的目的狀語從句，有時含有否定意思，意為以免，以防，生怕Better take more clothes in case the

18、weather is cold. He wrote the name down for fear that(lest) he should forget it.六、讓步狀語從句 讓步狀語從句的引導詞though, although，even though, even if1.though和although注意： 當有though, although時，后面的從句不能有but，但是 though 和yet/still可連用Although its raining, they are still working in the field.雖然在下雨，但他們仍在地里干活。He is very old

19、, but he still works very hard.雖然他很老，但仍然努力地工作。Though the sore be healed, yet a scar may remain.傷口雖愈合，但傷疤留下了。 （諺語）典型例題 _she is young, she knows quite a lot. A. When B.As C. While D. Unless2as, though 引導的倒裝句 as / though引導的讓步從句必須表語或狀語提前（形容詞、副詞、分詞、實義動詞提前）。Child as /though he was, he knew what was the ri

20、ght thing to do.= Though he was a small child, he knew what was the right thing to do.注意： a.倒裝時，句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞。b.倒裝時，句首是實義動詞，其他助動詞放在主語后。如果實義動詞有賓語和狀語，隨實義動詞一起放在主語之前。Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.= Though he tries hard, he never seems雖然他盡了努力，但他的工作總做的不盡人意。3.ever if,

21、 even though.即使Well make a trip even though the weather is bad.4.whetheror. 不管都Whether you believe it or not, it is true.5.no matter +疑問詞 或疑問詞+后綴ever No matter what happened, he would not mind. Whatever happened, he would not mind. 替換：no matter what = whatever no matter who = whoever no matter when

22、= whenever no matter where = wherever no matter which = whichever no matter how = however 注意：no matter 不能引導主語從句和賓語從句。（錯）No matter what you say is of no use now.（對）Whatever you say is of no use now. 你現(xiàn)在說什么也沒用了。(Whatever you say是主語從句)（錯）Prisoners have to eat no matter what theyre given, （對）Prisoners h

23、ave to eat whatever theyre given.囚犯們只能給什么吃什么。6）while引導的狀語從句,意為“盡管”While I agree with your point of view, I can not accept it.七、 結果狀語從句 結果狀語從句常由so that 或 suchthat引導，從句中一般沒有情態(tài)動詞，且從句都要放在主句后，掌握這兩個句型，首先要了解so 和 such與其后的詞的搭配規(guī)律。1比較：so和 such其規(guī)律由so與such的不同詞性決定。such 是形容詞，修飾名詞或名詞詞組，so 是副詞，只能修飾形容詞或副詞。 so 還可與表示數(shù)量

24、的形容詞many, few, much, little連用，形成固定搭配。 sothat與suchthat之間的轉換既為 so與such之間的轉換。 The boy is so young that he cant go to school. He is such a young boy that he cant go to school2.結果狀語從句可倒裝So fast dose light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.3.so that引導的結果狀語從句和目的狀語從句的區(qū)別He turned the ra

25、dio up,so (that) everyone heared the newsHe turned the radio up,so that everyone might hear the news八、方式狀語從句 方式狀語從句通常由as, (just) asso, as if, as though，the way等引導。 1. as, (just) asso引導的方式狀語從句通常位于主句后，但在(just) asso結構中位于句首，這時as從句帶有比喻的含義，意思是正如，就像，多用于正式文體，例如：Always do to the others as you would be done b

26、y.你希望人家怎樣待你，你就要怎樣待人。As water is to fish, so air is to man. 我們離不開空氣，猶如魚兒離不開水。Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.正如打掃房屋一樣，我們也要掃除我們頭腦中落后的東西。2.the way 在考試中的運用。 Eg:I dont like _ you speak to her. A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of which9

27、、 比較狀語從句 比較狀語從句通常由as或than引起，。這類從句和大多數(shù)狀語從句不同，它們不修飾動詞，而是修飾as，so，less，more等副詞，或其他的詞，She is as tall as I（or me） He works as hard as his brother（does） as.as. He woke up as suddenly as he had fallen asleep. 他醒來得和入睡一樣突然。(第一個as是副詞) I have never seen so much rain as fell that February. 我從未見過像那個二月那么多雨。(否定結構常用

28、soas, 也可用as. as) than Man developed earlier than people think. 人類的出現(xiàn)比人們所想的要早。 He moves more slowly than his sister does. 他行動起來比他妹妹慢。高中重點語法-名詞性從句名詞性從句在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞從句 (Noun Clauses）。 名詞從句的功能相當于名詞詞組, 它在復合句中能擔任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等，因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。 一、引導名詞性從句的連接詞 引導名詞性從句的連接詞

29、可分為三類： 連接詞： that, whether, if （不充當從句的任何成分） 連接代詞：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which. 連接副詞：when, where, how, why 不可省略的連詞：1. 介詞后的連詞2. 引導主語從句和同位語從句的連詞不可省略。That she had won the first place made us very happy.We heard the news that our team had won. 大部分連接詞引導的主語從句都可以置于句末，用 it充當形式主語。It is not

30、important who will go.It is still unknown which team will win the match.二、 名詞性that-從句 1）由從屬連詞that引導的從句叫做名詞性that-從句。 That只起連接主句和從句的作用，在從句中不擔任任何成分，本身也沒有詞義。名詞性that-從句在句中能充當主 語、賓語、表語、同位語和形容詞賓語，例如： 主語：That he is still alive is sheer luck. 他還活著全靠運氣。 賓語：John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday

31、.約翰說他星期三要到倫敦去。 表語：The fact is that he has not been seen recently.事實是近來誰也沒有見過他。 同位語：The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office. 近來誰也沒有見過他，這一事實令辦公室所有的人不安。2）that-從句作主語通常用it作先行詞，而將that-從句置于句末，例如：It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.很清楚，整個計劃注定要失敗。Its a pity that you should have to leave.你非走不可真是件憾事。用it作形式主語的that-從句有以下四種不同的搭配關系：專心-專注-專業(yè) a. It + be +形容詞+ that-從句It is nec