電纜射孔磁定位儀的改進(jìn)

1、電纜射孔磁定位儀的改進(jìn)孔長城X胡宗武靳云建(華北石油測試公司摘要在電纜射孔施工過程中,使用磁電雷管,常常產(chǎn)生射孔槍下到目的層定位后點火不能起爆的現(xiàn)象,影響施工的正常進(jìn)行。針對電纜射孔使用的磁定位儀的結(jié)構(gòu)特點,結(jié)合現(xiàn)場施工經(jīng)驗,對磁定位儀進(jìn)行了改進(jìn),方便了電纜射孔,提高了效率。主題詞電纜射孔磁定位器1.改進(jìn)的必要性電纜射孔在油田生產(chǎn)開發(fā)中的使用經(jīng)久不衰,這與其自身優(yōu)點分不開,歸納起來大致有以下幾點:速度快,工期短。通過絞車電纜起下射孔槍,速度可達(dá)到70009000m/h;成本費用低,雷管費用遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)低于其它射孔引爆裝置費用;勞務(wù)費用低。省去油管傳輸射孔起下油管所需費用;儀器分地面起爆裝置和井下接箍跟

2、蹤裝置(磁定位儀,其結(jié)構(gòu)簡單,便于檢修和維護(hù)。經(jīng)過多年的實踐改進(jìn),其技術(shù)已經(jīng)成熟,設(shè)備越來越完善。但是,自從使用磁電雷管以后,經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)射孔槍下到目的層位定位以后,點火不能完成起爆的情況,延誤了工期,主要是因為:地面起爆裝置產(chǎn)生不了起爆電壓;電纜或馬籠頭不絕緣,雷管達(dá)不到足夠的起爆電流;雙向二極管導(dǎo)通電阻發(fā)生變化,阻礙了高頻電流的導(dǎo)通;磁定位儀內(nèi)部接觸點沒有接觸好或掉線。2.改進(jìn)方法經(jīng)過多次試驗,只需將目前使用的磁定位儀稍加改動,就能很容易的避免上述情況的發(fā)生。目前使用的磁定位儀結(jié)構(gòu)及連接如圖1所示。該磁定位儀是針對普通雷管設(shè)計的,普通雷管只需100V的交直流電壓都可以起爆。這樣的裝置的確很適用

3、,而且結(jié)構(gòu)簡單,便于檢查,當(dāng)前油田普遍使用磁電雷管。但在使用中,該磁定位儀的許多不足之處逐漸暴露出來:雙向二級管經(jīng)常被損壞,造成磁電雷管無法起爆,而且二極管被損壞后,由于各種原因,整個磁定位儀就會被淘汰,造成很大浪費。AE間的導(dǎo)通是否良好不能隨時直觀地檢測 出來。射孔槍與磁定位儀一旦對接好,測量出AE間電阻,即R=R2R3R2+R3+R1當(dāng)R36R2時,R U R2+R1式中:R1電纜阻值;R2線圈阻值;R3雙向二極管阻值。如果B、D、E三點有一點沒有接好或掉線,磁電雷管將無法起爆。而此時,由于AE間導(dǎo)通電阻變化不大,無法測出差別,導(dǎo)通與否無法判斷。只有將射孔槍提出井口,各點分別測量通斷情況,

4、才可得出2002年4月油氣井測試第11卷第2期X孔長城,男,工程師,1990年畢業(yè)于石油大學(xué)礦場地球物理專業(yè),一直從事油氣井測試現(xiàn)場及管理工作。地址:河北省廊坊市43號信箱測試新技術(shù)分公司,郵政編碼:065007。正確判斷。由此,導(dǎo)致即使測量認(rèn)為連接良好再下井點火,也不能保證整個AE段導(dǎo)通良好。如果出現(xiàn)這種情況,就會耽誤施工周期,造成不良影響。為此,對磁定位儀作了以下改進(jìn)(見圖2:去掉雙向二極管。因為使用磁電雷管,雙向二極管所起的作用不大,反而阻礙了起爆電流的導(dǎo)通,增加了無法起爆的機(jī)率。接箍信號與起爆供電電路分開。射孔基本上使用的都是3芯8.0m m 電纜或7芯12.6m m電纜。所以做到這一

5、點,并不是很困難,只需將馬籠頭按要求加工就可以了。改進(jìn)后磁定位儀的可行性在于:接箍信號通過纜芯1,傳到地面接箍接收儀A1,完成射孔跟蹤定位;起爆電流通過纜芯2,傳至雷管,完成起爆。3.優(yōu)點磁定位儀改進(jìn)后,供電電流直接通過導(dǎo)線傳至雷管,若地面起爆裝置工作正常,A2E測量后確定導(dǎo)通良好,則雷管可以被起爆;磁定位儀與射孔槍對接以后,從A1點測量出磁定位線圈電阻在1.5 1.8k8;從A2點測量出A2E段電阻約120150k8,則定位和點火系統(tǒng)可正常工作;如果磁電雷管有5108電阻,則雷管導(dǎo)線在旋轉(zhuǎn)接頭時被擠壓或被絞斷,造成雷管短路或斷開,就能被測量出來。不致發(fā)生儀器下至井底定位以后不能起爆,才判斷井

6、下儀有問題等情況。也就是說,改進(jìn)后的磁定位儀能保證射孔槍入井以后,井下部分不會出現(xiàn)任何問題。4.結(jié)論本裝置經(jīng)過多次現(xiàn)場點火起爆試驗,沒有發(fā)生由于井下儀問題而返工的情況,而且本裝置也適合電纜橋塞的點火使用。從而,大大方便了電纜射孔。本文收稿日期:2001-11-19編輯:王軍(上接50頁油管掛+斷銷反循環(huán)閥+壓控閥+73 mm油管+接桿器+LPR-N閥+電子壓力計托筒+波紋安全接頭+P-T封隔器+篩管+配合接頭+ 200-J壓力計+引鞋。井口:700型雙翼采氣樹,各法蘭和閘門連接處試壓50MPa。地面流程:用73mmE UE油管連接成的管線+水套爐+三相分離器測試簡況:工具下到位后正轉(zhuǎn)油管13圈

7、,加壓10t座封,座封位置5097.37m,LPR-N閥位置5092.37m,卸防噴器,裝采油樹,連接地面管線,地面管線試壓20MPa,連接水泥車管線。6月8日18B 10向環(huán)空打壓14.9MPa打開LPR-N閥,地面氣泡顯示強(qiáng)烈。18B2218B25油壓由0MPa上升到5 MPa,18B25液墊噴出地面。用8mm油嘴放噴至18B 35,油壓上升至12MPa,這期間套壓快速由14.9 MPa上升至20MPa,油嘴堵塞,換6mm油嘴繼續(xù)放噴。19B45天然氣噴出地面,在放噴管線上點火,此時油壓35MPa,套壓22.5MPa。20B00水墊噴完,地層流體進(jìn)三相分離器計量。20B00-22B00不產(chǎn)

8、油,氣產(chǎn)量由84446m3/d降至58866m3,由于油嘴、管線凍,油壓從35MPa升至38MPa,套壓從22.5MPa降至20.5MPa。22B10井口換成8mm油嘴計量,之后套壓繼續(xù)上升,23B00套壓為21.0MPa,24B00套壓為25MPa。9日1B00套壓28MPa,2B00關(guān)井前油壓為28MPa,套壓升至30.0MPa,計量日產(chǎn)氣274376 m3,日產(chǎn)油87.6m3。結(jié)論從測試簡況可看出,開井后地層流體快速流出井口時將地層的熱量帶出,并通過油管傳到密閉環(huán)空內(nèi)的流體,造成環(huán)空壓力迅速上升。在這次測試中套管壓力從開井時的14.5MPa升至關(guān)井前的30 MPa,上升了15.5MPa。

9、如果這次測試中APR管柱未經(jīng)優(yōu)選而帶有APR-A循環(huán)閥和APR-M2閥,那么就會打開循環(huán)閥,造成測試失敗。本文收稿日期:2002-02-27編輯:劉振慶52油氣井測試2002年4月Technicology of separate injection can separate well injection interval into se veral small zones in order to start up strength -ened zones,to control limited zones and to provide succeed zones.In No.3oil produ

10、ction factory,manifold separate in -jection pipes,packers and separating water re melters have been employed.Ho wever,requests of separate injection tech -nicology and techniques can not be reached because the period of validity is very short.The paper demonstrates some causes that separate injectio

11、n technicology can not meet the technically request by analyzing the force loading separate in -jection pipes in Well Chu 103.Subject heading:separate layer water injection,packer,pipe string,force analysis A PR Test Tool String Optimizing Used in High Pressure Gas W ell.2002(211:50Zhou Liguo ,Guo Q

12、i,Wei Fang (Research Center o f Oil f ield Engineering and Technology ,Northwest Oil BureauThe valves involved in c om mon APR test string,such as LPR -N,APR -M 2,APR -A,are usually annulus operated pres -sure controlled.When well put into production at high gas rate,the annulus te mperature will ri

13、se at beginning and results in pressure rising.For this reason,the test conducted in deep and high temperature reservoir sometimes could be failure caused by APR -M 2valve open beyond e xpectation resulted from the annulus pressure rising.This paper presented a field e xample well YK2,to show the ne

14、cessity of APR test string optimizing in high pressure gas well test.Subject heading:high pressure reservoir,drill stem testing,optimizing pipe string,preventive measure A Improvement of Magnetic Orientator for Cable Perforation.2002(211:5152Kong Changcheng ,Hu Zongwu,Jin Yunjian(Well Testing Com pa

15、ny ,Huabei Oil f iled When cable perforation is constructing,using magnetic electric detonator.If often takes place that perforation gun can .t detonate when it goes to the aim layer and orients,that infects the construction.Aimed at the charac teristics of the mag -netic orientator used in cable pe

16、rforming,acc ording to e xperience of the site scene of construction,we have improved the magnetic orientator and made it convenient cable perforation and advance its efficiency.Subject heading:electric cable,perforation,magnetic locatorApplication of Well Production Test Techniques in Small Complic

17、ated Fault Block Reservoirs.2002(211:5355Wang Zhanghong (No.1Production Factory ,Jiangsu Oil f ield Aimed at the prac tice situation of well production test techniques in the complicated fault block reservoir in Jiangsu oi-lfield.A complete set of techniques has been formed initially.The set include

18、s oil and gas formation protection,MFE testing technique of Large -scale directional wells,bestride testing technique,perforation and testing together -operating technique,testing -deep -drawing together -operating technique,electric pressure gauge applying technique,desirable -mode bridge plug bloc

19、king technique,enhance production treatment and flowing back assistant technique.The set with local traits can suit small complicated fault block reservoirs in Jiangsu oilfield.Subject heading:fault block reservoir,oil production test,status quo,developing trendSqueezing Concrete Technicology for Wa

20、ter Blocking in Well Peng 7.2002(211:5657Wu Jie,He Xiao(Chuanzhong Petroleum Exploration and Develo pment Com pany ,Sichuan Petroleum Administration Bu -reauThe practice situation around well Peng 7is follows:salt water emits severity from both in the wellbore and surface near to the well,formation

21、damage is serious,condition of the well is very c omplex.According to them,c ombining with water blocking techniques it is successful that using organic gelatin,superfine concrete and G -level concrete to close the well down.I t is demonstrated that the measure has higher practical worth and better ec onomical benefit.Subject heading:water well,squeeze cementing,water shutoff,technology Optimum Technique of Gas Injection Test in Gas -lift Wells.2002(211:5859Li Xiaoqi,Ma Xiang f eng,Shi Guisheng,He Ping(No.1Oil Pro duction Factory ,Zhongyuan