形容詞副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)變化規(guī)則+練習(xí)題

1、形容詞（adj）和副詞（adv）1、形容詞：用來(lái)說(shuō)明或修飾名詞、代詞的詞稱(chēng)為形容詞。2、有關(guān)形容詞的用法辨析： interested與interesting的區(qū)別：interesting指人或東西“有趣的”,作定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ),而interested則表示人對(duì)別的事物“感興趣的”,只能作表語(yǔ)。如：The man is very interesting and all the children like him. (這個(gè)人很有趣,孩子們都喜歡他)/ This book is interesting and you can really enjoy yourself.(這本書(shū)很有趣,你會(huì)真正獲得享受)

2、/ I am interested in science.(我對(duì)自然科學(xué)感興趣) good與well：表示“好”時(shí),作定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)用good,作狀語(yǔ)用well；表示“(身體)好”時(shí)用well.如：Doing sports is good for us.(進(jìn)行運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)我們有益) / Study well and make progress every day.(好好學(xué)習(xí),天天向上) / -How are you?I am very well.(你好嗎？我很好。) too much與much too：too much表示“太多的”,修飾事物數(shù)量；much too表示“太過(guò),過(guò)分”,修飾形容詞或副詞。如

3、：I am full because I have had too much rice.(我飽了,因?yàn)槲页粤颂嗟拿罪? / That coat is much too dear.(那件大衣太貴了)lonely與alone：lonely是表示心理活動(dòng)的形容詞,意思是：“孤獨(dú)的,寂寞的”,作定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)；alone的意思是：“獨(dú)自的,單獨(dú)的”,指無(wú)人陪伴,僅作表語(yǔ),(作為副詞的alone可作狀語(yǔ))。如：He lives alone but he doesnt feel lonely.(他一人獨(dú)住,但是并不感到孤獨(dú))/ He is a lonely person. You can not easil

4、y get on well with him.(他是個(gè)孤獨(dú)的人,你要和他相處好實(shí)在不易) the poor(窮人們) / the rich(富人們)等用法：“the+形容詞”這一結(jié)構(gòu)可以表示一類(lèi)人物,復(fù)數(shù)含義。如：We must try our best to help the poor.(我們應(yīng)該盡力幫助窮人們) / The rich never know how the poor are living.(有錢(qián)人哪知窮人怎么過(guò)日子)3、副詞：用來(lái)說(shuō)明事情發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、方式等含義或說(shuō)明其它形容詞或副詞程度的詞叫做副詞。4、副詞的分類(lèi)：(見(jiàn)下表)時(shí) 間 副 詞頻度副詞地點(diǎn)/方位副詞程度

5、副詞方式副詞疑問(wèn)/連接副詞其他副詞today, tomorrow,once,here, there,very, too,well,how,too, also, yesterday, now,twice,home, below,enough,hard,where,nor, so, then, early, late,always,anywhere, rather, quite,alone,when,as, on,off,once, soon, just,usually,above, outside,how, so,fast,why,either,tonight, long,often,in, i

6、nside, out, much, just,together,whetheryes, no,already, yet, before,sometimes,back, up, down,nearly, onlysuddenly,however, etc.not, neitherago, later, ever sincenever,away, off, far,almost, hardly,-ly結(jié)尾關(guān)系副詞maybe,after, whenever(seldom),near, nearby,as long as等,的副詞where,perhaps,first, someday,ever,wh

7、erevereven, all,why, howcertainly,sometime, last,everywhere,a little, a bitwhen,5、有關(guān)副詞的重要注釋?zhuān)?asas常構(gòu)成一些詞組：as soon as(一旦就), as well as(同樣), as+形容詞/副詞+as possible(盡可能地)。如：Please ring me up as soon as you get to Beijing.(請(qǐng)你一到北京就給我寫(xiě)信。)/ Miss Gao hurried to the school gate as quickly as possible.(高小姐盡快地趕到

8、了校門(mén)口。) 注釋 “as long / much as + 名詞”可以表示“長(zhǎng)達(dá)/多達(dá)”的含義。如：The house costs as much as five hundred thousand yuan.(那幢房子花費(fèi)高達(dá)50萬(wàn)元。)/ They stayed in the cave(山洞)as long as two weeks.(他們呆在山洞里長(zhǎng)達(dá)兩周。) too、also、either、nor的用法：too(“也”)用于肯定句和疑問(wèn)句的末尾,且用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)；also(“也”)用于肯定句句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前；either(“也”)用于否定句末尾,也用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)；nor(“也不”)用于倒裝句句

9、首；如：Are you American,too?(你也是美國(guó)人嗎？)/ He is not happy and I am not happy, either.(他不愉快,我也不。) / He didnt watch the football game. Nor did I.(他沒(méi)有看足球賽,我也沒(méi)有。)/ You can also find the market is very good.(你還可以發(fā)覺(jué)那個(gè)市場(chǎng)很好。) sometimes、 sometime、 some times 、some time的用法：sometimes(有時(shí))用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、 sometime(在將來(lái)某時(shí))用于將來(lái)

10、時(shí)、 some times(數(shù)次)表示次數(shù)、some time(一些時(shí)間)表示一段時(shí)間。如：Sometimes they go hiking in the mountains.(他們有時(shí)徒步旅行到山里去)/ I will stay here some time.(我會(huì)在這兒呆些時(shí)候的。)/ I will meet your father sometime.(我什么時(shí)候要見(jiàn)見(jiàn)你的父親。) how、what用于感嘆句的用法：對(duì)句子中的形容詞或副詞感嘆時(shí)用how,對(duì)人或事物(可能含有形容詞作修飾語(yǔ))進(jìn)行感嘆用what. 如：What a fine day (it is) today!(今天天氣真好！

11、) / How difficult (the problem is)!(問(wèn)題)真難呀！) already、yet的用法：在完成時(shí)中,already一般用于肯定句,yet一般用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句。如：Have you done it already?(你已經(jīng)做好了？) / I have not had my breakfast yet.(我還沒(méi)有吃早飯呢。) hard與hardly的用法：hard作為副詞意思是：“努力地,猛烈地”,hardly是否定詞,意思是：“幾乎不”,一般與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can/could連用。如：They study English very hard.(他們英語(yǔ)學(xué)得很刻苦)/

12、You can hardly see a person spit in a public place.(在公共場(chǎng)所你幾乎看不到一個(gè)人隨地吐痰) how 的幾個(gè)短語(yǔ)：how often“多常,每隔多久”,用于一般時(shí)態(tài),對(duì)表示頻度的詞語(yǔ)進(jìn)行提問(wèn)； how soon“多久以后”,用于將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)； how long“多久”,用于過(guò)去時(shí)、完成時(shí)或其他時(shí)態(tài)； how many times“多少次”,用于過(guò)去時(shí)或完成時(shí),對(duì)總計(jì)次數(shù)進(jìn)行提問(wèn)； how much“多么,多少”,對(duì)程度進(jìn)行提問(wèn),也可以對(duì)數(shù)量(不可數(shù))或金錢(qián)進(jìn)行提問(wèn)。如：How long have you been like this?(你這樣已經(jīng)多

13、久了？)/ How often does he wash his face?(他每隔多久洗一次臉？) too.to.與so.that.的問(wèn)題：副詞too/so后面跟形容詞或副詞,to后面跟動(dòng)詞,that后面跟從句。Too.to. (“太.以致不”)是否定的結(jié)構(gòu),用于簡(jiǎn)單句；so.that.(“如此以致”)是肯定結(jié)構(gòu),用于復(fù)合句。如：The child is too young to join the army.(這孩子年齡太小還不能參軍)/ He is so strong that he can lift the heavy box.(他這么強(qiáng)壯,搬得動(dòng)那個(gè)重箱子。) 既是形容詞也是副詞的單詞

14、有：early, late, long, last, next, first, near, enough, much, all, hard, alone, fast, slow, high, low, straight等等。如：It was a long holiday.(那是個(gè)長(zhǎng)假)/ He stayed there very long.(他在那兒呆了好久)/ Think hard then you will find a way.(好好想你就會(huì)找到辦法)/ He is a very hard(難對(duì)付的) person.(他是個(gè)難玩的家伙)6：形容詞比較級(jí)最高級(jí)的變化規(guī)律：概述：大多數(shù)形容詞

15、和副詞有三個(gè)級(jí)：原級(jí)（即原形）、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。形容詞和副詞按變化可以分為規(guī)則形容詞詞和副詞和不規(guī)則形容詞詞和副詞規(guī)則I.形容詞詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)變化規(guī)則如下：一所有單音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)如何變比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)1 一般在詞末尾加er變比較級(jí)，加est變最高級(jí) strong stronger -strongest small-smaller-smallest hardharder hardest fastfaster fastest2 如果以e結(jié)尾，只加r 和stnice-nicer-nicest fine-finer-finest 3 以重讀閉音節(jié)，末尾只有 一個(gè)輔音字母，須先雙寫(xiě)這個(gè)輔音字母

16、，再加er和est sad-sadder- saddest big-bigger-biggest hot-hotter -hottest 4 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞，把y變成i，再加er和est， angry-angrier-angriest earlyearlier earliest hungry-hungrier-hungriest 但是，開(kāi)放類(lèi)副詞即形容詞加ly結(jié)尾變成的副詞加more或most.如quickly more quickly most quickly quietly more quietly most quietlyslowlymore slowlymost slowly注

17、：early中的ly不是后綴，故把y變i再加er和est二大部分雙音節(jié)和所有多音節(jié)詞都在其前面加more變比較級(jí)，加most變最高級(jí) different -more different -most different beautiful-more beautiful-the most beautifulexpensive-more expensive-the most expensive但是，以形容前綴un結(jié)尾的三音節(jié)形容詞不適合上述情況，如unhappy,untidy，我們可以說(shuō)：unhappierunhappiest, untidieruntidiest二、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的用法1“not

18、as (so) 原級(jí) as” 表示“與不一樣”。They didn't pick so/as many apples as the farmers did. 他們摘的蘋(píng)果不如農(nóng)民(摘的)多。2“比較級(jí) than” 表示 “ 比更”。A modern train is much faster than a car. 現(xiàn)代的火車(chē)比轎車(chē)快多了。3“比較級(jí) 比較級(jí)” 表示“越來(lái)越”。The weather is getting warmer and warmer. 天越來(lái)越暖和了。4“the 比較級(jí)， the 比較級(jí)” 表示“越，越”。 The harder you try, the grea

19、ter your progress is. 你越是努力，進(jìn)步就越大。5“the 最高級(jí) 比較范圍” 表示 “(三者或三者以上) 最”。The Changjiang River is the longest in China.長(zhǎng)江是中國(guó)最長(zhǎng)的河流。注意： 1形容詞最高級(jí)前必須加定冠詞the, 但副詞最高級(jí)前可以加也可以不加。2much, a lot, even等可以用來(lái)修飾比較級(jí)。It is much colder today than yesterday. 今天比昨天冷多了。三，不規(guī)則形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)1_ careful you are, _mistakes youll make.

20、A. More; fewer B. The more; the lessC. More; less D. The less; the more2 Now telephones are very popular and they are much _ than before.A. cheap B. cheaperC. cheapest D. the cheapest3 Jimmy is very helpful. I stay with him, I like him.A. The more; the most B. The most; the mostC. The more; the more

21、 D. The most; the more4The more careful you are, _mistakes youll make.A. fewer B. lessC. the fewer D. the less5-What do you think of the dress?- Wonderful. I dont think I can find a _one.A. good B. betterC. bad D. worst6Beijing is bigger than _in Anhui.A. any cities B. any other cityC. the other cit

22、ies D. any city7The _ you drive, the _ you will be.A. more carful, safer B. most careful, safestC. more carefully, safer D. most carefully, safest8Hush! The baby is sleeping, please talk _than usual or you may wake him up.A. quiet B. quietlyC. most quiet D. more quietly9Hush! The baby is sleeping, p

23、lease talk _than usual or you may wake him up.A. quiet B. quietlyC. most quiet D. more quietly10Youre standing too near to the TV. Can you move a little _ ?-OK, Mum. Is it all right here?A. faster B. slowerC. farther D. nearer11 When you do your exam, please read every sentence carefully. _ you are,

24、 _ mistakes youll make.A. The more carefully, the fewer B. The more careful, the lessC. The more carefully, the less D. The more careful, the fewer12Suzhou is becoming these years.A. beautifuler and beautifulerB. more and more beautifulC. the most and most beautifulD. beautifulest13-Remember this, c

25、hildren. _careful you are,_mistakes you will make.-We know,Mr. Li.A. The more;the more B.The more; the lessC. The more; the fewer D. The less;the less14 Mr Li asks us to remember that _ careful we are, _ mistakes we will make.A. the more, the fewerB. the fewer, the moreC. the more, the moreD. the le

26、ss, the fewer15 Jim works _ than _ in his class.A. more hardly, any studentB. more hardly, any other studentC. harder, any other studentD. harder, the other student二、完形填空The Americans were getting ready to send their first man to the moon, an old Irishman (愛(ài)爾蘭人) was _ _ them on TV in a hotel room. There was an Englishman in the room_ . And he said to the Irishman, “The Americans are very _ _, arent they?