環(huán)境水化學(xué)-緒論

1、Environmental Aquatic Chemistry緒論（緒論（Introduction） 2課程目標(biāo)化學(xué)原理認(rèn)識(shí)水環(huán)境 what、why 組成、形態(tài)、轉(zhuǎn)化、效應(yīng)定量平衡與動(dòng)力學(xué)過程求解 how應(yīng)用水處理與水環(huán)境修復(fù)34成績?cè)u(píng)定平時(shí)成績30%：作業(yè)、參與課程、出勤小論文30%期末40%5參考書目參考書目 Brezonik P L, Arnold W A. Water Chemistry：An Introduction to the Chemistry of Natural and Engineered Aquatic Systems. Oxford University Press,

2、 New York, 2011. （教材） Stumm W, Morgan J J. Aquatic Chemistry: Chemical Equilibria and Rates in Natural Water (3ed). John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1996. 斯塔姆等，湯鴻霄等譯。水化學(xué)水化學(xué)?？茖W(xué)出版社，北京，1987。 湯鴻霄。環(huán)境水化學(xué)綱要環(huán)境水化學(xué)綱要。 環(huán)境科學(xué)叢刊，1988。 陳靜生。水環(huán)境化學(xué)水環(huán)境化學(xué)。高等教育出版社，北京，1988。 期刊論文等。6Werner StummPh. D, 1952, inorganic chemi

3、stry, University of Zrich1953-1969, Harvard University1970-1992, Head of the Swiss Federal Water Resources Centre （EAWAG）(1924-1999) 78Albert Einstein World Award of Science (1985)Tyler Prize for Environmental Achievement (1986)-國際環(huán)境科學(xué)最高獎(jiǎng)Stockholm Water Prize (1999)V.M. Goldschmidt Medal (1999)-美國地球

4、化學(xué)學(xué)會(huì)最高獎(jiǎng)910James J. Morganw Marvin L. Goldberger Professor of EnvironmentalEngineering Science, EmeritusCalifornia Institute of Technology ，美國工程院院士w b. 1932 B.C.E. 1954, Manhattan College M.S.E. 1956, University of Michigan M.A. 1962 and Ph.D. 1964, Harvard University D.Sc.H.C. 1989, Manhattan Colleg

5、e 1966，Environmental Science and Technology 首任主編11Patrick L. Brezonik Education:wB.S., 1963, Chemistry, Marquette UniversitywM.S., 1965, Water Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-MadisonwPh.D., 1968, Water Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison Experience:wAssistant, Associate, and Full Professor

6、, Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, 1966-81wGuest Professor, EAWAG-Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland, 1971-72 and summer, 1980wProfessor, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1981-2010.wProgram Director for En

7、vironmental Engineering, National Science Foundation, Arlington, VA, 2004-200712 Research Interestsw (1) mercury biogeochemistryw (2) applications of remote sensing (mainly satellite imagery) to evaluate lake qualityw (3) coupled biogeochemical cycles of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in urban and

8、agricultural systemsw (4) small-scale nutrient cycling processes in soil-sediment-water systems. 其他相關(guān)課本16Franois M. M. Morel Janet G. HeringMark Benjamin （ James O. Leckie-Stumm）14HeringBenjaminLeckieLeeBrezonikMorelMorganStumm15環(huán)境水化學(xué)研究圣地瑞士聯(lián)邦水質(zhì)科學(xué)技術(shù)研究所EAWAG16EAWAG主要研究領(lǐng)域Firmly anchored in its home cou

9、ntry of Switzerland, but with a global network, Eawag is concerned with concepts and technologies for dealing sustainably with water bodies and with water as a resource. In collaboration with universities, other research institutions, public bodies, industry and non-governmental organisations, Eawag

10、 works to harmonise ecological, economic and social interests in respect of water usage. The Institute thus serves as a bridge between the scientific world and the real world. 1718污水廠升級(jí)改造河岸過濾與供水19環(huán)境水化學(xué)發(fā)展歷程萌芽期（1960年以前）：從屬地位轉(zhuǎn)折與發(fā)展（1961-1970年）。Silln The Physical Chemistry of Seawater，學(xué)科自身學(xué)術(shù)價(jià)值 平衡觀點(diǎn)、Geoti

11、tration、speciationStumm （哈佛）和Lee （威斯康辛）熱力學(xué)與動(dòng)力學(xué)學(xué)科建立。1970, Stumm & Morgan, Aquatic Chemistry2021名字由來1925，Water, Sewage, and Sanitation Chemistry1958，Water, Air, and Waste Chemistry1973，Environmental Chemistry1962，Lee 科研項(xiàng)目water chemistry1965，會(huì)議Principles and Applications of Water Chemistry1967，Stum

12、m Equilibrium Concepts in Natural Waters1970，Aquatic chemistry: An introduction emphasizing chemical equilibria in natural waters22Stumm設(shè)想Aquatic Chemistry的兩條研究路線： 歐美院系開展water treatment chemistry Scandinavia院系和USGS開展hydrochemistry23what he wanted to do, and what we discussed, was to try to blendgive

13、 a sense of the unity of applications of chemistry to environmental problems, whether it was a lake, groundwater, an estuary, a river, or a treatment plant. And the argument we made was that aquatic systems, whether theyre engineered or natural, are going to be guided by very much the same core body

14、 of principles: acid/base chemistry, solubility, precipitation, electron transfer, complex formation. And the choice of “aquatic chemistry” as a title was not a frivolous（輕率的） choice; it was an attempt to say, “This is what were going to embrace. Were going to embrace the chemistry of the aquatic en

15、vironment whether its contained in a treatment plant or whether its out there.” -Morgan JJ口述（ P73）24概念討論 Water Chemistry & Aquatic Chemistry 水環(huán)境化學(xué)與環(huán)境水化學(xué)環(huán)境水質(zhì)學(xué)25Aquatic Environmental ChemistryEnvironmental Aquatic ChemistryAqueous Environmental ChemistryEnvironmental Aqueous GeochemistryEnvironmen

16、tal Water ChemistryWater Environmental Chemistry26本課程主要內(nèi)容酸-堿平衡沉淀-溶解配位化學(xué)氧化還原反應(yīng)表面化學(xué)與吸附水體顆粒物水體光解反應(yīng)水體有機(jī)污染物27專題討論VMINEQL軟件金屬離子形態(tài)與生物有效性天然有機(jī)質(zhì)（NOM）沉積物質(zhì)量營養(yǎng)元素（N、P）循環(huán)28環(huán)境水化學(xué)的學(xué)科地位Environ. Sci. Technol. 2012, 46, 56505657HOW HAS WATER CHEMISTRY CHANGED OVER THE PAST 50 YEARSenvironmental quality and pollution is

17、sues that had a chemical focus advances in scientific approaches and Technologyadvances within the field that led to new areas or ways to study existing areas29303132Anal. Chem. 2011, 83, 46144648一些持續(xù)的主題the chemical behavior of nutrients and trace metals kinetics of iron and manganese redox Reaction

18、sthe chemical nature and behavior of NOM3334Environ. Sci. Technol. 2013, 47, 11881189Environ. Sci. Technol. 2011, 45, 31963201published 2013Environ. Sci. Technol. 2013, 47, 120731208035天然水體組成常用濃度單位摩爾濃度molarity，mol/L or M (but never M/L)質(zhì)量摩爾濃度molality (m)當(dāng)量normality (N或eq/L)堿度Alkalinitymg/L as N or P (or mg N/L; mg P/L) OCl(mg/L as Cl) = mM of OCl 2 35.4536Sources of major and minor ionsNatural： terrestrial and atmospheric weathering reactions of rocks, minerals, soils atmospheric transport： marine aerosolsHuman derived37風(fēng)化38鈉長石Acid-base titrationHuman activitie