(完整版)初中英語句子成分講解_練習及答案

1、句子成分及基本句型10一、考點、熱點回顧【句子的成分】在英文中句子成分包括：主語、謂語、賓語（直接賓語、間接賓語）、表語、定語和狀語' 賓語補 足語等。（一）主語：主語是謂語講述的對象，表示所說的“是什么"或“是淀。一般由名詞、代詞、不定式或 相當于名詞的詞或短語來充當。它在句首。如：（1） Lucy is a beautiful nurse.（名詞作主語）（2） He reads newspapers every day.（代詞作主語）（3） Smoking is harmful to the health.（動名詞作主語）（4） To swim in Kunming La

2、ke is a great pleasure.（不定式作主語）（5） What we should do is not yet decided.（主語從句作主語）（二）謂語說明主語做什么"“是什么"或“怎么樣”。謂語（謂語部分里主要的詞）.須是動詞|一謂語和 主語在人稱和數(shù)兩方面必須一致。它在主語后面,如：His parents are teachers. （系動詞和表語一起作謂語）We study hard.（行為動詞作謂語）We don't finish readmg the book.（助動詞和行為動詞一起作謂語）He can speak English.（情

3、態(tài)動詞和行為動詞一起作謂語）（三）賓語賓語是動作、行為的對象，由名詞、代詞、不定式或相當于名詞的詞、短語來擔任，它和及物動 詞一起說明主語做什么。一般放在謂語之后。She is doing her homework now.（名詞作賓語）She says （that） she is ill.（賓語從句作動詞賓語）We often help him.（代詞作賓語）He likes to play basketball.（不定式作賓語）We enjoy listening to the music.我們喜歡聽音樂。（動名詞短語作賓語）說明1 ：賓語是及物動詞涉及到的人或物，賓語一般放在及物動詞之后

4、。介詞后面的名詞或代詞 或動名詞，稱為介詞賓語,名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞常在句中做動詞賓語或介詞賓語。另外，動詞不定式可 作動詞賓語：動名詞和賓語從句也可用作動詞賓語。說明2:及物動詞作謂語時，后而要跟賓語，賓語分直接賓語和間接賓語。直接賓語是及物動詞 般放在直接賓語之前。的直接對象,直接賓語I間接賓語通常是及物動詞的動作所及的人,間接賓語晅天!間接賓語一不是所有的及物動詞都可以用雙賓語。有的動詞可以跟。如：give, show （給看），bring, pass,buy 等。如：（1） Our teacher tells us a story.（2） The sun gives us light.間接

5、賓語如果放在直接賓語之后,在表示“人”的間接賓語之前會出現(xiàn)介詞| “t。"或"for" .間接賓語前加?！钡挠?give, show, send, bring, read, pass, lend, leave, hand, tell, return, write, throw, promise （答應）,refuse （拒絕）等。間接賓語加“for”的有：make, buy, do, get, play, order （命令），sing, pay 等（1）1 give him a book. 改成：（2） He passes me the book.（他將書遞給我

6、。） 改成： （3） He writes me a letter. 改成： （4） He will buy me some books. 改成： （5） She is making me a cake. 改成： （四）賓語補足語在賓語后而補充說明賓語的動作、狀態(tài)、特征的成分,稱為賓語補足語。名詞、形容詞、副詞、 介詞短語以及動詞不定式、分詞等可用作賓語補足語。賓語和賓語補足語稱為更合賓語。如:They make her happy.（形容詞）I see her dance.（不定式）We ll help you to make die Olympics a success.（名詞）Please

7、 let him in.（副詞）We heard her singing a song.（分詞短語）（五）表語表語說明主語“是什么”或者“怎么樣”，由名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞、不定式及相當于名詞或形 容詞或短語來擔任.它的位置在系動詞后面,如：I am a teacher.（名詞）He is always happy.（形容詞）They are on the playground now.（介詞短 i吾）It gets cold.（形容詞）'Be動詞（am i is，are,was,were） 系動詞 表保持（keep, stay, remain）表改變（get，become，turn

8、）感官動詞（feeL sound （聽起來），seeni/look （看起來），taste （嘗起來）,smell （聞起來）如：It sounds interesting. （sound 為系動詞，interesting 為表語）We should all remain careful. Remain （為系動詞，careful 為表語）（六）定語定語是用來修飾名詞或代詞的。形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、介詞短語、不等式或相當于形容詞 的詞或短語等。單個詞作定語時,通常放在它所修飾的名詞之前。如：The black bike is mine.（形容詞）What's your name?（

9、代詞）They make paper flowers.（名詞）說明1 ：當定語修飾不定代詞:nothing, anything, everything, something等時，定語在不定代詞后面。 如：I tell him something interesting.（形容詞 interesting 作不定代詞 something 的后置定語）He has something to do.（2d。為不定式作后置定語）說明2：隨語或灰句作定語時,也放在被修飾的名詞之后。如：The boys in the room are in Class Four. （in the room 是介詞短語作 t

10、he boys 的后置定（七）狀語修飾動詞'形容詞'副詞。一般表示行為發(fā)生的時間、地點、目的、方式、程度等意義，一般由 副詞、介詞短語、不定式或相當于副詞的詞或短語來表示。狀語一般放在句末,但有的可以放在句首、 句中。如：He did it carefully.（副詞）We often help him.（副詞）Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday.（介詞短語）When I grow up. I am going to be a teacher.（從句作時間狀語）He sits there.（副詞地點狀語）【簡單句的

11、五種基本句型】A.主語+不及物動詞（主滑）如：The sun rises.太陽升起來。The car stopped.小汽車停下來了 0rise和stop都是不及物動詞，因此后邊不必加賓語。B.主語+及物動詞+賓語（主謂賓）如:I love my country. He helps me. I like action movies. I buy a book.c.主語+系動詞+表語（主系表）如：Her brother is a driver.We feel happy, （feel為系動詞,表示感到）It gets dark.天黑了。（get為系動詞，表示變得）Tom looks ill. T

12、om看上去病了。（look為系動詞，表示看上去，看起來）D.主語+及物動詞+雙賓語（直接賓語、間接賓語）（主渭+宜賓+間賓）如：He gives Tom a present.（雙賓語） 他給湯姆一件禮物。Mother make a new dress for me.（雙賓語）媽媽為我做了一件衣服。E.主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓語補足語（主+謂+賓+賓補）如：They call her Mary.（賓補）他們叫她 Mary。We make our classroom clean and tidy.（賓補）我們使我們的教室干凈而整齊。He always makes us laugh.（賓補）他總使我

13、們笑。二、典型例題寫出劃線部分的句子成分。1. Lily is cleaninq the desk now.2. Her garden is the best in our town.3. Liu Ming is thirteen years old.4. I like this book very much.5. The girl on th> blue bike is Jane's sister.6. She didn't come to my party because she was ill.7. Wang Ping does his homework caref

14、ully.8. We will go to the Children's Palace once a week.9. They are in the classroom.10. It sounds good.11. His name is Paul.12. We always go to school early.三、課后練習（一）挑出下列句中的賓語（D My brother doesn't do his homework. A B C D People all over the world speak English. AB CD You must pay good atte

15、ntion to your pronunciation. A BC D How many new words do you leam ? A B C D Some of the students in the school want to -o swimming, how about you? ABCD（二）挑出下列句中的表語 The old man is feeling very tired, ABCD® Why is he worried about Jim? A B C D The leaves have turned yellow. A B C D Soon They all

16、 become interested in the subject. ABC D She is the first to learn about it. A B C D （三）挑出下列句中的定語 They use Mr. Mrs. with the family name. A BC D What is your given name? A B C D On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3. A B C D I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. ABCD The man downstai

17、rs was trying to sleep. A BC D（四）挑出下列句中的賓語補足語（D She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.（四）挑出下列句中的賓語補足語 He asks her to take the boy out of school.AB CD She find it difficult o do the work.ABC D© They call me Lily sometimes.ABC D 11 saw Mr. Wang gvt on the bus.AB

18、CD（五）挑出下列句中的狀語（D There is a big smile on her face.ABC D Every niht he heard the noise upstairs.ABCD He began to learn English when hi was eleven.ABCD The man on the motorbike is travelling to fast.ABC D With the medicine box under her aim, Nliss Li hurried off.AB C D（六）劃出句中的直接賓語（）和間接賓語（）（D Please te

19、ll us a story. My father bought a new bike for me last week. Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term. Here is a pen. Give it to Tom. Does he leave any message for me?（七）分析下列句子的句子成分1. They are working on the fami now,2. Seeing is believing.3. AH of us like Kobe Bryant very much.4. She became a

20、doctor in 1998.5. The book lying on the floor are mine.6. Suddenly it began to rain.7. To catch the train, I got up early yesterday.8. I always find her happy.9. He wonders If Istill study English.10. The letter which I received the day before yesterday was a friend of mine.11. We always work hard a

21、t English.12. He said he didn't come.13. They love each other.14. What did you buy?15. She watched her daughter playing the piano.16. Your job today is to help the old.17. Speaking doesn't mean doing.18. By the time I got to the station, the train had left.19. The children bought their parcn

22、ls a car for the 25th anniversary of their marriage.20. It takes me an hour to get there.劃分句子成分練習二1. Our school is not far from my home.2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you3. All of us considered him honest.4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.5. He broke a piece of glass.6. He m

23、ade it clear that he would leave the city.7. I love you more than her, child 8. Tees turn green when spring comes.9. They pushed the door open.10. Grandma told me an interesting story last night.11. He wrote carefully some letters to his friends.12. AH the students think highly of his teaching13. We

24、 need a place twice larger than this one.14. He asked us to sing an English song.15. Don't get nervous, help yourself to what you like.劃分句子成分練習題（2）（一）指出下例句中主語的中心詞 The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. There is an old man coming here. The useful dictionary was given

25、by my mother last year. To do todays homework without the teachefs help is very difficult.（二）選出句中謂語的中心詞 I donrt like the picture on the wall.A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall The days get longer and longer when summer comes.A. get B. longer C. days D. summer Do you usually go to school by bus?

26、A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus（4）There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?A. Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.A. Tom B. didn't C. do D. his home

27、work What I want to tell you is this.A. want B. to tell C. you D. is We had better send for a doctor.A. We B. had C. send D. doctor He is interested in music.A. is B. interested C. in D. music Whom did you give my book to?A. give B. did C. whom D. book（三）挑出下列句中的賓語 My brother hasn't done his home

28、work.-AB C D（2）People dH over the world speak English.A B CD You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.FB""C D（4）How many new words did you leam last class?A B C D Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?A- B C D The old man sitting at the gate said he

29、 was ill.AB C D They made him monitor of the class."ABCD Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.A BC D You will find it useful after you leave school.A B C D They didn't know who “Father Christmas” really is."a b c d（四）挑出下列句中的表語 The old man was feeling very tired

30、,A B CD Why is he worried about Jim?A B C D The leaves have tumed yellow.A B C D（4）Soon They all became interested in the subject.ABC D She was the first t。learn about it."A B C D（五）挑出下例句中的定語 They use Mr. Mrs. with the family name.A BC D What is your given name?A B C D On the third lap are Clas

31、s 1 and Class 3.ABC D（4）I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.ABCD The man downstairs was trying to sleep.A BC D I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!ABCD（六）挑出下例句中的賓語補足語 She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.ABCD He asked her to take the boy out

32、of school.AB CD She found it difficult to do the work.ABC D（4）They call me Lily sometimes.ABC D I saw Mr. Wang £et on thn bus.AB C DDid you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?ABCD（七）挑出下例句中的狀語 There was i big smile on her face.AB C D Every night he heard the noise upstairs.A

33、BCD He began to learn English when he was eleven.ABCD The man on the motorbike was ravelling to fast.A BC D With thn medicine box undur her nim. Miss Li hunied off.AB C D She loves the library because she loves books.AB CD I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it.ABCD The students

34、 followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.ABCD（八）劃出句中的直接賓語和間接賓語 Please tell us a story. My father bought a new bike for me last week. Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.（4）Here is a pen. Give it to Tom. Did he leave any message for me?劃分句子成分練習題（2 ）參考答案（） teacher man dictionary To do（二）BACACCDCAA（三）DDBABDCDAD（四）DBDCB（五）CCABBD（六）CCCCDB（七）DADDADCD（A）us,間接賓語a story,直接賓語me,間接賓語a new bike.直接賓語us,間接賓語history,直接賓語Tom,間接賓語it,直接賓語me.間接賓語message,直接賓語典型例題答案一.寫出劃線部分的句子成分。1.主，謂，賓，狀3 .表5 .定，定7 .謂，賓，狀9 .表11.定，表課后練習2 .定，狀4 .謂，賓,狀6 .謂，狀8 .謂，狀10.表12.狀，狀（三）DDBAB （四）DBDCB（五）CCABB （六）CCCCD（七）D