英語句子成分講解清晰版

1、一、介紹與其重要性 句子是寫作的基本單位，只有寫好句子才有可能寫好文章。英語的句子成分有八種： 主語主語、謂語動詞、表語、賓語、謂語動詞、表語、賓語、定語、狀語、主語補(bǔ)足語和賓語補(bǔ)足語。定語、狀語、主語補(bǔ)足語和賓語補(bǔ)足語。 學(xué)會判斷句子成分對以后學(xué)習(xí)難句奠定了基礎(chǔ)。英語句子的構(gòu)成也有其特定的規(guī)律，掌握了句子的基本句型、常見句式和詞語的習(xí)慣搭配，就能寫出完整、正確的句子。句子成分句子成分意義意義充當(dāng)詞類充當(dāng)詞類例句例句主語主語表示句子說的是什么人或什么表示句子說的是什么人或什么事事名，代，數(shù)，不定名，代，數(shù)，不定式，動名詞，短語或式，動名詞，短語或句子句子We study in HuangQia

2、o Middle School.謂語謂語說明主語做什么，是什么或怎說明主語做什么，是什么或怎么樣么樣動詞或動詞詞組動詞或動詞詞組She is dancing under the tree.賓語賓語表示動作行為的對象表示動作行為的對象同主語同主語Both of us like English.表語表語與聯(lián)系動詞連用，一起構(gòu)成謂與聯(lián)系動詞連用，一起構(gòu)成謂語，說明主語的性質(zhì)或特征語，說明主語的性質(zhì)或特征同主語同主語Her father is a chemist.His words sound reasonable.定語定語用來修飾名詞或代詞用來修飾名詞或代詞形，代，數(shù)，名形，代，數(shù)，名, 副，介詞短

3、語或句子副，介詞短語或句子We have eight lessons every day.狀語狀語修飾動詞，形容詞，副詞，表修飾動詞，形容詞，副詞，表示動作發(fā)生的時間，地點，原示動作發(fā)生的時間，地點，原因，目的，方式，結(jié)果等因，目的，方式，結(jié)果等副詞，介詞短語或句副詞，介詞短語或句子子He works very hard.They held a party in Hollywood.賓語賓語補(bǔ)足語補(bǔ)足語邏輯上與賓語是主謂關(guān)系邏輯上與賓語是主謂關(guān)系形容詞，名詞，介詞形容詞，名詞，介詞短語等短語等She always keeps the house clean.主語謂語是基礎(chǔ)，賓表定狀補(bǔ)輔助。賓主

4、來自名代數(shù)，動詞作謂不可無！主語謂語是基礎(chǔ)，賓表定狀補(bǔ)輔助。賓主來自名代數(shù)，動詞作謂不可無！英語的句子成分： 一）一） 主語：主語： Walls have ears. He will take you to the hospital. Three plus four equals seven. To see is to believe. Smoking is not allowed in public places. Whether or not they will come depends on the weather. 二）謂語二）謂語由由_擔(dān)任。擔(dān)任。助動詞或情態(tài)動詞助動詞或情態(tài)動詞加其

5、加其他動詞的適當(dāng)形式也構(gòu)成謂語動詞。他動詞的適當(dāng)形式也構(gòu)成謂語動詞。 Action speaks louder than words. The chance may never come again. Mary has been working at the dress shop since 1994. 動詞動詞/動詞短語動詞短語名詞名詞代詞代詞數(shù)詞數(shù)詞to do不定式不定式doing動名詞動名詞句子句子My father is a professor. Whos that? Its me. Everything here is expensive. The match became very

6、 exciting. The story of my life may be of help to others.Three times five is fifteen.His plan is to seek work in the city. My first idea was that you should hide your feelings. 三）三）表語 它的位置在_之后。是用來說明主語的_,_, _的.系動詞、連系動詞系動詞、連系動詞性質(zhì)性質(zhì)特征特征狀態(tài)狀態(tài)名詞名詞 n代詞代詞 pron形容詞形容詞 adjadj介詞短語介詞短語數(shù)詞數(shù)詞to do不定式不定式句子句子（四）賓語 表示

7、動作的對象，是動作的承受者。賓語一般放在_之后。_詞后也會跟賓語。She covered her face with her hands. We havent seen her for a long time. Do you mind opening the window? Give me four please. He wants to dream a nice dream. We need know what others are doing. We should care more about our friends. 動詞動詞/動詞短語動詞短語介詞介詞名詞名詞 n代詞代詞 pron動名

8、詞動名詞代詞和數(shù)詞代詞和數(shù)詞to do不定式不定式句子句子介詞介詞+名詞名詞（五）定語 是修飾_詞.單詞作定語時通常放在它所修飾的名詞之_；短語和從句作定語時則放在它所修飾的名詞之_。They are woman workers. Toms father didnt write home until yesterday. Mary is a beautiful girl. The play has three acts. This is her first trip to Europe. China is a developing country. I have nothing to eat.

9、 Those who want to go to Tibet are to sign their names here. 名名前前后后 名詞名詞名詞所有格名詞所有格形容詞形容詞 adj數(shù)詞數(shù)詞形容詞形容詞 /序數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞 /to do 不定式不定式現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞 doingto do 不定式不定式從句從句六）狀語 狀語表示地點、時間、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、伴隨情況等。 The best fish swim near the bottom. I left the village five years ago. I arrived late because of the traffic

10、jam . Well send a car to fetch you. The fish can eat a person in two minutes , leaving only bones The students came into the classroom, singing and dancing. If he goes, so will I . Though he is a child, he knows a lot. 地點狀語地點狀語時間狀語時間狀語原因狀語原因狀語目的狀語目的狀語結(jié)果狀語結(jié)果狀語伴隨狀語伴隨狀語條件狀語條件狀語讓步狀語讓步狀語七）賓語補(bǔ)足語。英語有些及物動詞，

11、除了要有賓語之外，還要加上賓語補(bǔ)足語，才能使句子的意義完整。They elected me captain of the team. We try to make our country strong. We found everything in good order there. I should advise you to get the chance. I saw him going upstairs. They found the house broken in.名詞名詞形容詞形容詞介詞短語介詞短語to do 不定式不定式現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞 doingdone 過去分詞過去分詞賓語和賓

12、語補(bǔ)足語一起構(gòu)成賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語一起構(gòu)成動詞的動詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)八）主語補(bǔ)足語 如果上述結(jié)構(gòu)變成被動語態(tài)，原賓語成為主語，原賓語補(bǔ)足語相應(yīng)地變?yōu)橹髡Z補(bǔ)足語I was elected captain of the team.Our country will be made strong.與賓語補(bǔ)足語一樣與賓語補(bǔ)足語一樣口訣記憶 主謂賓表定狀補(bǔ)，解釋說明同位語。主謂賓表定狀補(bǔ)，解釋說明同位語。 句子主干主謂賓（表），輔助成分定狀補(bǔ)。句子主干主謂賓（表），輔助成分定狀補(bǔ)。 定語修飾名詞代，狀修動詞還有副。定語修飾名詞代，狀修動詞還有副。 主謂人稱數(shù)一致，賓語之后常有補(bǔ)。主謂人稱數(shù)一致，賓語之后常

13、有補(bǔ)。二.五種簡單句基本句型主語主語+謂語謂語+賓語賓語主語主語+謂語謂語+間接賓語間接賓語+直接賓語直接賓語主語主語+謂語謂語+賓語賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語賓語補(bǔ)足語動詞動詞系動詞系動詞不及物動詞不及物動詞及物動詞及物動詞主語主語+系系+表語表語主語主語+謂語謂語1）Our city is at the crossing of some important railways. 主語主語 系動詞系動詞 表語表語2）The city will become rich. 主語主語 系動詞系動詞 表語表語 在這類結(jié)構(gòu)中最常用的系動詞是：在這類結(jié)構(gòu)中最常用的系動詞是： “變化變化”類：類：_. “感官感官”類

14、類: _. “持續(xù)持續(xù)”類：類：_. 其他：（似乎）其他：（似乎）_ _ (證明是證明是)_get/ become/ turn/grow/gotaste/ smell/ feel/look/soundstay/ keep/remainSeem appearturn out/ prove(to be)1主語主語 + 系動詞系動詞 + 表語表語Exercises你的故事聽起來很有趣。_.把魚放在冰箱里，否則它會變壞的。_.這種炎熱的天氣將會保持幾天。_.這個計劃證明是可行的。_.You story sounded very interesting.Put the fish into fridge,

15、 or they will go bad.The hot day will remain/stay/ keep a few days.The plan turned out/proved （to be) practical.2主語 + 謂語1）Building has started. 主語主語 謂語謂語2）The train leaves at 7:40. 主語主語 謂語謂語 _搭配：搭配：The teacher teaches well. The child walks very slowly. _搭配：搭配： The girl looked at the picture. The chi

16、ldren ran to the forest.動詞副詞動詞副詞動詞介詞動詞介詞Exercise 我每天起的很早，走到小花園，坐在凳子上。 _Every day I get up early, walk to the park and sit on the bench.3主語 + 謂語 + 賓語The boss employed five more workers. 主語主語 謂語謂語 賓語賓語My brother takes care of the vegetable garden.Few students like taking exams.He forgot to close the d

17、oor.I hope I can speak English fluently. Exercise他因為車子開得太快而違反了交通規(guī)則。_.他拿出一瓶啤酒，很快將其喝光。_.他許諾給我一個禮物。_.He drove so fast that he broke the traffic rules.He took out a beer and drank it up quickly.He promised to give me a gift.4主語 + 謂語 + 間接賓語 + 直接賓語1）He has fetched us some new textbooks. 主語 謂語 間接賓語 直接賓語2）G

18、randma cooked us a nice meal. 主語 謂語 間接賓語 直接賓語 3）The man told the girl that he wants to test her the subject. 4）The boy asked me if I could speak Chinese.可接雙賓語的常見動詞有：可接雙賓語的常見動詞有：ask, answer, give, offer, send, bring, pass, tell, show, teach, promise 順便問一下，她把錢付給你了嗎？_. 下學(xué)期誰教你們生物？_. Mr. White告訴我為什么他要出國。_.By the way, has she paid you money?Who will teach you biology?Mr. White told me why he went abroad.5主語 + 謂語 + 賓語 + 賓語補(bǔ)足語1）The villagers didnt allow them to do this. 主語主語