德伯家的苔絲 presentation

1、Tess of the DUrbervillesThomas Hardy (1840-1928)17112303 顧蓉17112307 蔣愛家17112312 吳晶Contents The Author Analysis on Characters Main Idea Plot of the Text Analysis on the TextThomas Hardy(18401928)Thomas Hardy Life Works Theme & Style Position & EvaluationLifel Thomas Hardy was an English novel

2、ist, short writer and poet.l He was a Victorian poet. He used his writings to elaborate his own pessimistic view of life.Life 1840 was born in Dorsetshire 1848 attended Julia Martins school 1856 was apprenticed（當(dāng)學(xué)徒） to a local architect 1862 was sent to London 1867 wrote poetry and novels 1874 marri

3、ed Emma Ravenna 1910 was awarded the Order of Merit 1914 married Florence Dugale 1928 diedWorks 1867 The Poor Man and The Lady 1871 Desperate Remedies 1872 Under the Greenwood Tree 1873 A Pair of Blue Eyes 1874 Far From the Madding Crowd 1878 The Return of the Native 1886 The Mayor of Casterbridge 1

4、887 The Woodlanders 1891 Tess of the D Urebevilles 1895 Jude the ObscureWorks Short Stories1888 Wessex Tales1894 Lifes Little Ironies Poetry19041908 The Dynasts Works His novels were published in serial forms in magazines and popular in both England and America. However, despite the praise Hardys fi

5、ction received, many critics also found his works too shocking, especially Tess of the DUrbervilles and Jude the Obscure. The outcry against Jude was so great that Hardy decided to stop writing novels and return to his first great love, poetry. Theme & Style Themefatalism and pessimism -mans lif

6、e controlled by hostile, cruel, mysterious fate -a pessmistic vein runs throughout his novelssympathy for the peasants Theme & Style StyleNaturalismprevious Romantic Enlightenment periods of literaturea naturalistic tendencyarchitectural structurepersonification and symbolismTheme & StyleNat

7、uralism in the nineteenth century a product of post-Darwinian biology a literary movement as accurately as possible without artificial distortionsRomantic during the first third of the nineteenth century artistic philosophy reliance upon emotion and natural passions unique nature of the individualPo

8、sition & EvaluationHis poetry marks the transition from the Victorian Age to the modernist movement of the 20th century. Analysis on Characters Tess Durbeyfield Alec dUrberville Angel ClareTess Durbeyfield Intelligent, strikingly attractive, deep moral sensitivity, passionate intensity a mythic

9、heroine St. Teresa of Avila(圣女大德蘭) Theresa “Daughter of Nature” in Chapter 18 “Artemis” and “Demeter” in Chapter 20Tess Durbeyfield a mythical incarnation of womanhood her eyes are “neither black nor blue nor grey nor violet; rather all these shades together,” like “an almost standard woman.” a “sta

10、ndard” storyTess Durbeyfield the changing role of the agricultural workers in England in the late nineteenth century financial constraints aristocracy in Tesss blood not quite up to the level of Alecs or Angels a symbol of unclear and unstable notions of classAlec dUrberville the nemesis and downfal

11、l of Tesss life Alexander the Great Alexander Stoke-dUrbervillethe split character of his family divided duplicitousAlec dUrberville diabolical 殘忍的，惡魔的 The first part of his surname conjures associations with fiery energies, as in the stoking of a furnace or the flames of hell. He seduces her as the

12、 serpent in Genesis seduced Eve. Alec does not try to hide his bad qualities. “I suppose I am a bad fellowa damn bad fellow. I was born bad, and I have lived bad, and I shall die bad, in all probability.Alec dUrberville He represents a larger moral principle rather than a real individual man. Like S

13、atan, Alec symbolizes the base forces of life that drive a person away from moral perfection and greatness.Angel Clare a freethinking son born into the family of a provincial parson a rebellious striving toward a personal vision of goodness secularist 現(xiàn)世主義者，世俗主義者 work for the “honor and glory of man

14、” a typical young nineteenth-century progressive He rejects the values handed to him, and sets off in search of his own.Angel Clare Angel is not quite of this world, but floats above it in a transcendent sphere of his own. his love for Tess may be abstract Daughter of Nature or Demeter Angels ideals

15、 of human purity are too elevated to be applied to actual people. It is not the angel who guides the human in this novel, but the human who instructs the angel, although at the cost of her own life.Main Idea Tess comes from a farmers family, the Durbeyfields. She has lived a poor but peaceful life.t

16、hey are descended from the DUrbervilles.the girl comes in contact with the Stoke, DUrbervilles. There she meets Alec DUrbervilles, who shows off the estate and always seduces her.Being humiliated and resolute, Tess returns home, and gives birth to a baby who dies soonTess has to leave home and goes

17、to work as a dairymaid at a distant farm, where she meets Angel Claire.They fall in love, but Angel abandon her.Main ideaAlec DUrbervilles, the evil person appears again. He takes advantage of the Durbeyfields poverty and continues to tempt Tess.Angel Claire, who is remorseful for his mercilessness,

18、 comes back, but to find the cruel reality.After Angel leaves, she stabs Alec in the heart and kills him.Then she follows Angel and escape with himThey manage to hide for a while in a wood before they come to Stonehenge, where she is arrested. She is hanged later.The plot of Chapter LVIIIChapter LIX

19、The last paragraph “Justice” was done, and the President of the Immortals (in Aeschylean phrase) had ended his sport with Tess. And the dUrberville knights and dames slept on in their tombs unknowing. The two speechless gazers bent themselves down to the earth, as if in prayer, and remained there a

20、long time, absolutely motionless: the flag continued to wave silently. As soon as they had strength they arose, joined hands again, and went on.“死刑”執(zhí)行了，用埃斯庫羅斯的話說，那個眾神之王對苔絲的戲弄也就結(jié)束了。德貝維爾家的騎士和夫人們在墳?zāi)估锾芍?，對這件事一無所知。那兩個一言不發(fā)的觀看的人，把身體躬到了地上，仿佛正在祈禱，他們就那樣躬著，過了好久好久，一動也不動。黑旗繼續(xù)不聲不響地在風(fēng)中飄著。他們等到有了力氣，就站起來，又手拉著手往前走I n t

21、 h e G r e e k t r a g e d i a n Aeschylus Prometheus Bound, Prometheus dared to steal fire from the gods for the benefit of men, thus improving human life, but he was punished by eternal agony sent by the president of the gods. Aeschyluss view of that divine justice was ironicjust as Hardys justice

22、 is placed in ironic quotation markssince it seemed deeply unjust to punish Prometheus so severely. Analysis Analysis However, compared with Prometheuss brave deed, Tesss suffering seems simply a game or “sport” . It is hard to know whether Tess has brought any benefits to anyone.In any case, Hardy

23、hints that Tesss life may have a mythical and tragic importance like that of Prometheus, but it is up to us to judge how ironic this justice is, or what her lifes importance might be.Analysis Its tired and unimpassioned tone suggests the narrators weariness with the ways of the world, as if quite fa

24、miliar with the fact that life always unfolds in this way. Nothing great is achieved by this finale: the two figures of Liza-Lu and Angel “went on” at the end, just as life itself will go on. Tragedy Society environment Law system Morality ethic Religion factor Themes Criticism of social conventions

25、 of Victorian England (ideas of social class as well as the sexual double standard) Naturalism as against the ache of modernism The injustice of existence; Men dominating womenNaturalismModernism is vague term referring to the art, poetry, literature, architecture, and philosophy of Europe and Ameri

26、ca in the early twentieth-century. In general, modernism is marked by the following characteristics: (1) the desire to break away from established traditions, (2) a quest to find fresh ways to view mans position or function in the universe, (3) experiments in form and style, particularly with fragme