虛擬語(yǔ)氣 歸納 - 整理版

1、一、 Were 式表示對(duì)（過(guò)去、現(xiàn)在、將來(lái)）客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)情況的虛擬1. 條件狀語(yǔ)從句虛擬語(yǔ)氣在if引導(dǎo)的條件句中的用法三點(diǎn)：從句（條件）主句（目的）表示于現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句If+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式（be用were）If I were a boy, I think that I could understand how it feels to love a girl. 主語(yǔ)+would(should could might)+動(dòng)詞原型表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的擬條件句If+主語(yǔ)+had+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 I did not see your sister at the meeting. If she

2、had come, she would have met my brother主語(yǔ)+would（should could might）+have+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句If+主語(yǔ)+should（were to）+動(dòng)詞原型/動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式If it were to/ should snow tomorrow, we would put off the visit to the Great Wall. 主語(yǔ)+would（could should might）+動(dòng)詞原型混合條件句主從句時(shí)間不一致的情況下的虛擬語(yǔ)氣有時(shí)條件從句中的動(dòng)作與主句中的動(dòng)作，發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致，這是動(dòng)作的形式

3、應(yīng)根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間加以調(diào)整。例. Had you listened to the doctor, you would be all right now條件從句中省略if采用倒裝語(yǔ)序的情況在if引導(dǎo)的表示虛擬的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，有時(shí)可以把虛擬條件中的連詞if省去，而將had，should，were等助動(dòng)詞提到主語(yǔ)之前。例：原句：If she were younger,she,would do it. 去if：Were she younger,she,would do it.含蓄條件句有時(shí)虛擬條件句并沒(méi)用if從句表示出來(lái)，而是用介詞短語(yǔ)（without，but for）或連詞 otherwise，

4、or 或上下文來(lái)表示。例1. I was ill that day, otherwise I would have taken part in the sports meet2. But for water, it would be impossible to live in the earth. 由“providing（that）/provided（that）/on condition that/suppose（that）/supposing（that）”引導(dǎo)的條件從句根據(jù)情況，1.可以用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。例：suppose/supposing that it rained,we shouldnt

5、go out. 2.也可以用陳述語(yǔ)氣。例：They are willing to surrender provided they are given free pardon.2. 方式狀語(yǔ)從句虛擬語(yǔ)氣在as if/as though引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句中1.表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在情況有懷疑，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式。2.表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。3表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反1. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it were broken. 2. He is talking so much about A

6、merica as if he had been there注意：1.在as if/as though 句中，如果有可能成為事實(shí)，用陳述語(yǔ)氣。例：He looks as if he going to be ill. 2.as though或as if引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句，從句主語(yǔ)和主句主語(yǔ)相同時(shí)，從句中可省略主語(yǔ)和部分謂語(yǔ)。3. If only 引起的感嘆句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣If only引出感嘆句，意思是“要是.多好”，表示說(shuō)話人的一種愿望。例：If only he didnt drive so fast!(現(xiàn)在)If only the rain would stop.(將來(lái))Look at the t

7、errible situation I am in !if only I had followed your advice(過(guò)去)4. wish /hope/would rather/had better 后的賓語(yǔ)從句中動(dòng)詞wish/holp后的賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬：從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式或過(guò)去進(jìn)行式。How I wish every family had a large house with a beautiful garden.對(duì)過(guò)去情況的虛擬：從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，或would，could，might+現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。I wish that you hadnt had su

8、ch a bad headache because I am sure that you would have enjoyed the concert對(duì)將來(lái)情況的虛擬：從句謂語(yǔ)“would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形”。Would rather，had rather，后的賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)相反，用過(guò)去完成式表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反。表示“寧愿做什么”或“對(duì)過(guò)去做的事的懊悔”。例. I would rather you _anything about it for the time being注意：1.若某人愿自己做某事，would rather后

9、用動(dòng)詞原型 2.would rather.than中用動(dòng)詞原型二、Be 式均以“should+動(dòng)詞原型”表示這種語(yǔ)氣，“should”常被省略。1. 表示建議、命令、請(qǐng)求或其它主觀觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度動(dòng)詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句常用的此類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有：一個(gè)堅(jiān)持：insist兩個(gè)命令：order, command三個(gè)建議: advise, suggest, propose四個(gè)要求：desire demand require request 其它：recommend ask beg decide注意：suggest,insist不表示建議或堅(jiān)持要某人做某事時(shí)，即它們用于其 本意暗示，表明，堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣。例

10、I suggested the person referred to be put into prisonMikes father, as well as his mother, insisted he stay home在“It is (was)+名詞+that.”結(jié)構(gòu)中order, command, advice, suggestion, proposaldesire, demand, requirement, request其它詞：idea, recommendation, plan, surprise, wish, necessity, pity例My suggestion is th

11、at the meeting off be put off next Sunday名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其后的表語(yǔ)從句或同位語(yǔ)從句“It is(was)+形容詞（或過(guò)去分詞）+that.”主語(yǔ)從句或S+V+it+形容詞+that.”的賓語(yǔ)從句同根詞：advisable, desirable其它表示主觀觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度的常見(jiàn)詞： probable，possible，/strange，natural，appropriate，/ necessary，important，urgent，例：It isnt advisable that Tom be assigned to the job since he has n

12、o experience. 例：I dont think it advisable that Tom be assigned to the job since he has no experience.2. 表示“以防，以免”等意思虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在lest，for fear that，so that及in order that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句中表示“以防，以免”等意思謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原型構(gòu)成“In case”引導(dǎo)的從句中即可用陳述句，也可以用虛擬語(yǔ)氣（should）+動(dòng)詞原型例：1.The game will be put off in case it (should) snow. 2.The game will be put off in case it snows.3. 表示懷疑、驚奇、不滿(mǎn)等在expect，believe，think，suspect等動(dòng)詞的否定或疑問(wèn)形式后的賓語(yǔ)從句中的