初中英語語法現(xiàn)在進行時

1、A. is sleepingB .are sleeping C. sleeping D .sleep初中英語語法 現(xiàn)在進行時講解與習(xí)題現(xiàn)在進行時表示 1、現(xiàn)在（說話的瞬間） 正在進行或發(fā)生的動作， 強調(diào) “此時此刻 E.g. He is reading . They are talking now.2 、當(dāng)前一段時間內(nèi)的活動或現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作。 E.g. They are working these days.3 、某些動詞的現(xiàn)在進行時，表預(yù)定的計劃或即將發(fā)生的動作。 E.g I am coming. 其結(jié)構(gòu)為 be+ 現(xiàn)在分詞 . 現(xiàn)在分詞的變法有1 、一般在動詞詞尾加上 -ing ,E

2、.g. jump2、以不發(fā)音字母 e結(jié)尾的動詞，先去 e,再加-ing. E.g have write3、.以重讀閉音節(jié)末尾只有一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的詞，它前面是單個元音字母時要 先將詞尾的輔音字母雙寫,再加上 -ing. E.g. sit put其句式變換都在 be 上做文章。E.g. He is buying a bike.Is he buying a bike?He isn 't buying a bike.一般由 look,listen,now, at this moment 等時間狀語做標志。自我檢測（一） 、單選1、 Look! He their mother do the h

3、ousework.A. is helping B. are help C. is help D.is helpping2 、 are the boys doing ? They are singing in the room.A .WhoB .HowC.WhatD.Where3、 Don't talk here. My mother .4 、 Danny _. Don 't call him.A. is writeingB .is writingC.writingD .writes5、-When_heback?-Sorry, I don't know.A. does,c

4、omeB.are comingC.is comeD.is coming答案： A C A B D(二)、填空1 、 It 's ten o 'clock. My mother (lie)in bed.2、What_he _(mend)?3、We _(play)games now.4、What _you_(do) these days?5 、 he _(clean) the classroom?6 、 Who(sing)in the next room?7 、 The girl(like)wearing a sweater. Look! She (wear)a red sweat

5、ertoday.答案： 1 is lying 2 is mending 3 are playing 4 are doing5 Is cleaning 6 is singing 7 likes ; is wearing一、把動詞變成現(xiàn)在分詞形式易出錯例： 1、 They are swiming.(swim)2 、 Jenny is plaiing(play)football.答案： 1.swimming 2 .playing解析：動詞變現(xiàn)在分詞可有如下口訣 : “一添一去 y 不變 ”.一“添 ”指雙寫規(guī)則； 指去掉不發(fā)音字母e規(guī)則；“y不變”指要與名詞變復(fù)數(shù)區(qū)分開。二、丟掉 be 動詞或忘記把

6、動詞變成現(xiàn)在分詞例： 1 、 Look,two children flying.(fly) a kite in the park.2 、 Li Mingisn ' t read ( not read) a book in bed now.答案： 1 are flying 2 isn ' t reading記。解析：現(xiàn)在進行時肯定句的結(jié)構(gòu)規(guī)律為：“ be現(xiàn)在分詞，缺一不可”。這一點必須牢三、對動詞或動詞詞組提問時丟掉doing例： 1 、 The students are singing in the room.( 對劃線部分提問 )What are the students i

7、n the room?答案： What are the students doing in the room?解析 ： 現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)中對動作提問可記住此句式“What +be +主語 +doing+ 其它 ?”或簡寫為 “ Whatdoing 句式”?四、現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)的選擇疑問句中易忽視or 后用現(xiàn)在分詞形式例：孩子們在跑還是在跳？Are the children running or jump?答案： Are the children running or jumping?解析： or 連接的是兩個并列成分，動詞形式須一致。般現(xiàn)在時的講解與練習(xí)一般現(xiàn)在時是英語中應(yīng)用最廣泛的時態(tài)之一，是初中英

8、語語法重點。它表示 1)經(jīng)常性、習(xí) 慣性的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。 e.g. I go to school on foot. He is very busy now. 2) 表示主語的特征、 性格、能力、愛好等。 e.g. He can swim. I work hard. I like watching TV . 3) 表示客觀真理 e.g. There are seven days in a week. The moon moves round the earth.其結(jié)構(gòu)按正常語序，即“主語+謂語 +其它”，有時為了起強調(diào)作用，時間狀語也可提、八前.其句式變化可分為兩種情況1)表示動作， 一般人

9、稱作主語的，變否定句須在動詞前加助動詞don' t;變一般疑問句須在句首加助動詞do。 E.g. They have lunch at 12:00. Theydon' t have lunch at 12:00. Do they have lunch at 12:00? 2 )單三人稱做主語的， 變否定句須在 動詞前加助動詞does n' t;變一般疑問句須在句首加助動詞does。E.g. Jenny speaks English very well.Jenny doesn' t speak English very well.Does Jenny speak

10、English very well?含有 be 動詞的要在 be 上做變化 .E.g. Danny is a good student.Danny isn' t a good student.Is Danny a good student?其時間狀語為 often、 usually、 always、 sometimes 等頻率副詞， on Saturdays、 in the morning(afternoon evening) 、every day 等。學(xué)生常見錯誤如下：一、be 動詞與行為動詞同時出現(xiàn)在句子中例： We are plant (plant) the trees in s

11、pring.答案： plant解析：學(xué)生往往會用漢語的思維方式去翻譯，就成了“我們是在春天植樹”。這是學(xué)習(xí)英語最忌諱的，要看語法是不是正確，在英語中， be 是表狀態(tài)， do 是表動作，兩種動詞不 能同時出現(xiàn)在句子中，可記住如下口訣： “英漢語言有差異， be 、 do 不能放一起，仔細琢磨細分析，語法千萬要牢記。自我檢測：(一 )、 單選1 Jenny in an office. Her parents in a hospital.A work; works B works; work C work; are working D is working; work2 One of the bo

12、ys a black hat.A have B there is C there are D has3 We will go shopping if it tomorrow.A don't rain Bdidn't rain Cdoesn't rain Disn't rain4 He said the sun in the east and in the west.A rose; set B rises; sets C rises, set D rise; sets5 Wang Mei music and often to music.A like; liste

13、n B likes; listens C like; are listening D liking ; listen6 Jenny English every evening.A has study B studies C study D studied 答案： 1 B 2D 3C 4B 5B 6B(二 )、填空 <1 I can take Li Ming there when he ( come) to visit.2 your sister(know)English?3Her home ( 遠離 )her school.4The pot(not look) like yours ve

14、ry much.5 Where you(have)lunch every day?6 Who( 想要 )to go swimming?7 she(do) the housework every day?8 Jenny and Danny usually(play) games in the afternoon .答案： 1 comes 2 Does know 3 is away from 4 doesn't look二、單三人稱形式易出錯例： 1 He plaies (play) football very well.2 Danny gos (go) to school at 7:10

15、.答案： 1 plays 2 goes解析： 1 以輔音字母加 y 結(jié)尾的動詞變單三人稱形式才能把 y 換成 i 再加 es；2 與名詞 變復(fù)數(shù)不同，變單三人稱形式以 o 結(jié)尾的詞要加 es.三、在句式變換時易出錯例： 1 Does Jenny has (has) a good friend?2 Brian doesn' t lives (not live) in China.答案： 1 Does have 2 doesn' t live解析：單三人稱做主語的一般現(xiàn)在時做句式變化時，可記住如下口訣： “見助動，用原 形”。此口訣也可推廣用于一般過去時態(tài)中。e.g. He did

16、n't go home yesterday.四、對 do 的理解易出錯例： We don' t (not do) our homework in the afternoon.答案： don' t do解析：do是一個比較難理解的詞，它有三個含義 ：a)是所有行為動詞的總稱； b)是助動 詞，無實義；c)是一個具體的行為動詞“做，干”。此句中給出的do指“做，干”，not指把 此句變?yōu)榉穸ň?，故須?do 前加助動詞 don' t。五、對主語的數(shù)判斷有誤例： Li Ming with me are (be) in Beijing.答案：is解析:表面一看是“我和李

17、明兩個人在北京”，但with在此做伴隨狀語，不能做主語,故用is.從句都要用一般另外，賓語從句中，從句部分若是表示客觀真理，不管主句是何時態(tài),現(xiàn)在時；在時間和條件狀語從句中，主句表將來，從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時。般過去時的講解與練習(xí)解析 :我們可以記住下面的口訣 :"動詞變成過去式 ,雙寫規(guī)律要牢記 ;y 前若是輔音字 ,y 變 i個時間所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。 e.g. I bought a new shirt yesterday. He was a worker two years ago.2）過去一段時間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作。e.g. When I was a childoft

18、e n playedwith fire. Li Lei always walked to school last term.3 ）談到已故人的情況時多用過去時。 e.g. Lu Xun was a great writer.4 ）有些發(fā)生時間不是很清楚的情況，實際是過去發(fā)生的，也應(yīng)用過去 時態(tài)。 e.g. What did you say?另外，還可用過去時表示委婉的語氣。 e.g. Could you lend me your pen?其結(jié)構(gòu)是"主語+動詞的過去式"。be動詞的過去式為 was, were;行為動詞的過去式有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種，規(guī)則變化有以下幾種情況

19、：1）直接在動詞原形末尾加-ed. e.g.workworked; askasked; 2 ）以 e 結(jié)尾的動詞只加 -d. e.g. arrivearrived; likeliked.3）末尾只有一個輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié),應(yīng)先雙寫這個輔音字母 ,再加 -ed. e.g. shopshopped;4）以"輔音字母+y"結(jié)尾的動詞，先把y變成i,再加-ed. e.g. carry-carried; studystudied. 有些動詞變過去式是不規(guī)則的 ,e.g. flyflew; breakbroke; teachtaught. 這些需要象生單詞一樣記住 .其句式變化分為兩

20、種情況1）含有be動詞的依然在 be上做文章.e.g. I was born in 1980. Iwas not born in 1980. Were you born in 1980? 2） 含有行為動詞的變否定句要在行為動詞前加 助動詞did n't.，同時把動詞變成原形；變一般疑問句，在句首加助動詞did，同時把動詞變成原形 e.g. I bought a gift for my mum yesterday. I didn't buy a gift for my mum yesterday. Did you buy a gift for your mum yesterda

21、y?其時間狀語為 yesterday或由其構(gòu)成的短語，e.g. yesterday morning;由"last+時間"構(gòu)成的短 語，e.g. last year;由”時間段 +ago"構(gòu)成的短語，e.g. three days ago;另外，還有 on the morning of Monday， just now 等，以及一些表示過去時態(tài)的從句 .注意 ，在賓語從句中主句為過去 ，一般從句 也為過去 .常見錯誤如下 :一 把動詞變成過去式易出錯例 : 1 They stoped （stop） talking just now.2 They plaied （pl

22、ay） football yesterday.答案 : 1 stopped 2 played加 -ed;y 前若是元音字 ,只須直接加 -ed."二忘記把動詞變成過去式例 : I fly (fly) kites on the afternoon of Sunday.答案 : flew解析 :我們可以記住下面的口訣 :"一般過去時態(tài)里 ,過去形式莫忘記 專項練習(xí) :一 選擇1 She lived there before heto China.A. came B. comes C. come D. coming2 I butnothing.A . was listened;w

23、as hearing B. listened;heardC . have listened; heard D. listened; heard of3 When did you here?A. got to B. reached C. arrive in D. reach4 Imy homework at 7:00 yesterday evening.A. finished B. would finish C. was finishing D. finish5 -He didn't go shopping with you yesterday afternoon, did he?A.

24、No, he doesn't B. Yes, he didn't C. No, he did D. Yes, he did. 6 -I have had supper.- When youit?A. have; had B. do, have C. did,have D. will have 答案 : 1 A 2 B 3 D 4 A 5 D 6 C二 填空1 They(be) on the farm a moment ago.2 There(be)a shop not long ago.Jenny(not go)to bed until 11:00 o'clock last night.3 Danny (read )English five minutes ago.4 I (see)Li Lei (go) out just now.