非謂語知識(shí)點(diǎn)(共6頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上一、知識(shí)精講 考點(diǎn)一 基本含義非謂語動(dòng)詞包括：現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、不定式和動(dòng)名詞，它們?cè)诰渲芯荒茏髦^語。類別 結(jié)構(gòu)含義例句現(xiàn)在分詞doing主動(dòng)，進(jìn)行1）boiling water 沸騰的水2）Do you know the girl standing over there? 你認(rèn)識(shí)站在那里的那個(gè)女孩嗎？being done被動(dòng)，進(jìn)行 （正在被做）The houses being built now are for the teachers.現(xiàn)在正在建的那些房子是為老師而建的。having done主動(dòng)，完成Having waited for an hour, he

2、 left.等了一個(gè)小時(shí)，他離開了。not having done主動(dòng)，完成，否定Not having received a reply, he wrote another letter.沒收到回復(fù)，他又寫了一封信。having been done被動(dòng)，完成Having been told many times, he still made the same mistake. 雖然被告訴過好多次了，他仍然犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤。過去分詞done被動(dòng)，完成1)The story told by Tom is very interesting.湯姆講得故事非常有趣。2)The houses built la

3、st year are very big.去年建的那些房子很大。表所處的狀態(tài)或特征1)Devoted to helping others, he is respected.他致力于幫助別人而受到尊重。2)Interested in the book, he wants to buy it.他對(duì)這本書感興趣想買下來。不定式to do將來，主動(dòng)I have much work to do.我有很多工作要做。to be done將來，被動(dòng)The houses to be built next month are very big.下個(gè)月將要被建的那些房子很大。to have done完成，主動(dòng)使用條

4、件：1）看結(jié)構(gòu)是否需要；2）看是否表達(dá)過去或完成之意Hes said to have invented the telephone.據(jù)說他發(fā)明了電話。考點(diǎn)二 重要用法1. 感官動(dòng)詞see, watch , observe , look at , hear , listen to , notice 等的賓補(bǔ)有四種形式，以see 為例：結(jié)構(gòu)含義舉例see + 賓語 + do看見（賓語）做了see him go to the officesee +賓語 + doing 看見（賓語）正在做see him going to the officesee +賓語 + being done看見（賓語）正在被做

5、see him being bitten by a dogsee +賓語 + done看見（賓語）被做see him bitten by a dog注：下列動(dòng)詞在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中用不帶to的不定式作補(bǔ)語，但在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中要加上to： 5看(look at，see，watch，notice，observe)；3使(make，let，have)；2聽(listen to，hear)；1感覺(feel)。2. leave的用法結(jié)構(gòu)含義舉例leave sb./sth. doing讓某人/某物一直做Leave the machine running讓機(jī)器一直運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)leave sth. undone留下某事沒有被做

6、leave the book untouched 這本書沒被動(dòng)過leave sb. to do sth.留下某人做某事leave me to do the work 留下我干這項(xiàng)工作leave sth. to be done留下某事將要被做leave the work to be done 留下這項(xiàng)工作有待被做3. have/get的用法結(jié)構(gòu)含義舉例have sb. do=get sb. to do讓某人做某事Mother had me buy some salt. 媽媽讓我去買些鹽。have sb. doing1）讓某人一直做2）否定句中)容忍某人做1)have him standing o

7、utside 讓他一直站在外邊2)I wont have you speaking to your mother like that. 我不能容忍你像那樣跟你媽媽說話。get sb./sth. doing 使/讓某人物開始行動(dòng)起來I cant get my car running.我的車啟動(dòng)不起來。get/have sth. done1) 讓某事被做2) 遭遇1） Ill haveget my bike repaired tomorrow.2） Tom had his leg broken.湯姆的腿傷了。4. only + to do 指出乎意料的結(jié)果【例句】He hurried to the

8、 station only to find that the train had left.他匆忙到了車站，結(jié)果卻發(fā)現(xiàn)火車已經(jīng)出站了。5. seat 及dress的用法結(jié)構(gòu)含義舉例seat oneself就座，坐下He seated himself.=He sat down. 他坐下來。sb. be/remain seated坐著；一直坐著He is seated behind me.他坐在我后面。dress oneself/sb. (in+衣服/顏色)打扮自己/某人；給自己/某人穿衣服He dressed the baby.他給那個(gè)嬰兒穿衣服。sb. be dressed in +衣服/顏色

9、某人穿著The baby is dressed in red.那個(gè)嬰兒穿著紅衣服。6. 序數(shù)詞后用不定式(不用現(xiàn)在分詞)作定語【例句】He is the first to come to the classroom. 他是第一個(gè)來教室的。7. to do位于句首時(shí)，常相當(dāng)于in order to do【例句】To catch the early bus, he got up early. 為了趕早班車，他起得很早。二、難點(diǎn)聚點(diǎn)1. 分詞作狀語時(shí)，分詞的邏輯主語必須與主句的主語保持一致。【例句】When offered help, you should say Thank you. or Its

10、 kind of you. ( =When you are offered help, you)當(dāng)被提供幫助的時(shí)候，人們常說“謝謝?！被颉澳阏婧谩！盰ou should be careful while/when crossing the street. 過馬路的時(shí)候小心點(diǎn)。(=While/When you cross/ you are crossing the street)三、狀元筆記解題思路1. 找準(zhǔn)相關(guān)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語，確定該動(dòng)詞與邏輯主語間是什么關(guān)系（主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)）；2. 搜索句子中相關(guān)的時(shí)間信息，確定非謂語動(dòng)詞的恰當(dāng)形式（一般式還是完成式）考點(diǎn)三 動(dòng)名詞的重要用法1. 動(dòng)名詞具有名詞

11、的特性：作主語、賓語、表語等，可用于介詞后?！纠洹?(1)His coming made us happy. 他的到來讓我們感到高興。 (2)He devoted his life to helping others. 他一生致力于幫助別人。2. 動(dòng)名詞作賓語時(shí)，其邏輯主語可用形容詞性物主代詞（my,his）或名詞性物主代詞(me,him)。動(dòng)名詞作主語時(shí)，其邏輯主語要用形容詞性物主代詞?！纠洹緿o you mind my/me smoking here? 你介意我在這里抽煙嗎？3. 動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式為：being done【例句】He is afraid of being laughed

12、at. 他害怕被嘲笑。4. 重要句型：【例句】It is no use talking to him. 跟他談話沒用。狀元典例He is looking forward to _(there be)a chance。答案：there being 思路分析：look forward to 后要接doing。考點(diǎn)四 一些重要用法1. 下列動(dòng)詞后接不定式作補(bǔ)語，即“ 動(dòng)詞+sb to do”ask，beg（祈求），cause，encourage，expect， force，get，intend（打算），invite， order，persuade，prefer，require，teach，tell，

13、want，warn，wish，wait for，call on，depend on等?！纠洹?1) You are not allowed to smoke here.不允許你在此處吸煙。(2) The doctor warned him not to eat too much meat.醫(yī)生警告他不要吃太多的肉。注意：【例句】Smoking is forbidden here but you are allowed to smoke.這里禁止吸煙,但你可以吸。2. 下列結(jié)構(gòu)中用不定式作主語補(bǔ)足語：sb. be said/ believed / known / reported / cons

14、idered / found/ thought + to do / to have done (to be done/ to have been done)【例句】(1) He is said to have gone abroad.(=It is said that he has gone abroad.)據(jù)說,他出國了。(2) Heat is considered to be a form of energy.熱被看作是一種能量?？键c(diǎn)五 高考易混點(diǎn)3. 值得【例句】The book is worth reading. =The book is worthy to be read./ of

15、being read.這本書值得一讀。4. 【例句】He could do nothing but / other than wait. =He had no choice but to wait. 他別無選擇，只得等待。5. 只能做【例句】（1）He cannot choose but stay on.他沒有別的選擇，只好待下去。 (2) I cannot but agree to his terms. 我只得同意他的條件。二、難點(diǎn)聚焦獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)1. 當(dāng)句中主、從句的主語不一致時(shí)，可用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。【例句】If the weather permits, well go out. = Weather permitting. 天氣允許，我們就出去。2. 主要結(jié)構(gòu)名詞(代詞)+ doing 名詞(代詞)+ done名詞(代詞)+不定式 名詞(代詞)+形容詞/副詞名詞(代詞) +介詞短語構(gòu)成 with/without+名詞(代詞)+ 賓語補(bǔ)足語 【例句】（1）Weather perm