現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法

1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(1)基本結(jié)構(gòu)：肯定句: have/has+過去分詞(done)+其他否定句：have+not/havent +過去分詞(done) +其他has+not/ hasnt+過去分詞(done) +其他一般疑問句及回答：Have/Has+主語+過去分詞+其他Yes, 主語+have/has.(肯定)No, 主語+haven't/hasn't.(否定)一、表示在過去不確定的時(shí)間里發(fā)生的對現(xiàn)在造成影響的動(dòng)作或結(jié)果。I have already spent all of my money.(含義是:現(xiàn)在我沒有錢花了)Guo zijun has ju

2、st come. (含義：郭子君現(xiàn)在在這兒)My father has gone to work.(含義是:我爸爸現(xiàn)在不在這兒) 過去分詞1 、規(guī)則動(dòng)詞：規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則與規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則相同。四點(diǎn)變化規(guī)則：(1)、一般動(dòng)詞，在詞尾直接加“ ed ”。work-worked-worked ,visit-visited-visited(2)、以“ e ”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，只在詞尾加“ d ”。live-lived-lived ,(3)、以“輔音字母 + y ”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，將 "y" 變?yōu)?"i" ，再加“ ed

3、 ”。study-studied-studied ,cry-cried-cried(4)、重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，先雙寫該輔音字母，再加“ ed ”。stop-stopped-stopped , drop-dropped-dropped2、不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞：do-did-done go-went-gone come-came-comehave-had-had see-saw-seen be-was/were-been句型轉(zhuǎn)換：1. He has already gone home._ (否定句)_ (疑問句)_(肯定回答)_(否定回答)2. He has had lunch at ho

4、me._ (否定句)_ (疑問句)_(肯定回答)_(否定回答)3. He has finished his homework. (劃線提問)_4. I have had lunch at school. (劃線提問)_5. I _ told him the news.（have/has）6. She _ come back from school.(have/has)7. He has visited the Great Wall. (劃線提問)_8. She has studied English for many years. (劃線提問)_9. Tom has seen the film

5、. (劃線提問)_10. I have washed the clothes.( 劃線提問)_現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(2)表示在過去不確定的時(shí)間里發(fā)生的對現(xiàn)在造成影響的動(dòng)作或結(jié)果, 常與時(shí)間副詞already（已經(jīng)） ，yet（還、已經(jīng)） ，just(剛剛、僅僅) ，ever（曾經(jīng)） ，never（從不） ，before（以前）等連用。1. already意為“已經(jīng)”，通常用于肯定句中，可放在助動(dòng)詞之后，過去分詞之前，也可以放在句末。實(shí)例： Ive already read this book. Ive washed my clothes already 2. yet用在疑問句中意為“已經(jīng)”，用在否定句中

6、意為“還”，常放在句末。實(shí)例： Has he found his watch yet ？ No，not yet The woman hasn't found her dog yet 3. just意為“剛剛”，表示行為剛剛過去，常放在助動(dòng)詞與過去分詞之間。實(shí)例： He has just come back from school 4. ever意為“曾經(jīng)”，放在助動(dòng)詞與過去分詞之間。實(shí)例： Have you ever been to Hong Kong ？I havent ever spoken to her 5. never意為“從來沒有”常與before連用（before要放在句尾

7、，而never多放在助動(dòng)詞與過去分詞之間。實(shí)例： I have never travelled by plane before 6. before意為“以前”，指過去不確定的某個(gè)時(shí)間，總是放在句末，不受句型的限制。實(shí)例： Have you ever been to Hainan before ？ I havent eaten Guangdong food before 把a(bǔ)lready，yet，just，ever，never，before放在句中適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢谩?1、Jim has finished doing his homework. (already)_2、My father has bee

8、n to the Great Wall before. (never) _3、She hasnt seen the new film.(yet) _4、She has been to Shanghai before.(ever) _5. Have you found your watch?(yet) _6. -Are you thirsty? -No I have had some orange juice.(just) _7. We have returned (return) the book.(already) _8. I havent finished my homework. (ye

9、t) Can you help me? _9. My father have read the novel.(ever) _10.Ive arrived by train.(just) _不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞：do-_-_ go-_-_ come-_-_have-_-_ see-_-_ be-_-_read-read-read eat-ate-eaten speak-spoke-spokenfind-found-found get-got-gotten/got win-won-won現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(3)用法二：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以用來表示發(fā)生在過去某一時(shí)刻的,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常與for（+時(shí)間段），sin

10、ce（+時(shí)間點(diǎn)或過去時(shí)的句子）連用, 對for和since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語提問要用How longfor + 段時(shí)間 since+過去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)（譯為：自從以來）since+時(shí)段+agosince+句子（過去時(shí)）1) I've lived here for 16 years.I've lived here since 1990 I've lived here since 16 years ago.Mr Wang has lived in the factory since he came to the city 2) I haven't seen him for

11、three years 我三年沒有看見他了。 = I haven't seen him since 2013. = since three years ago=I haven't seen him since I saw him last time in 2013.練習(xí)A)（用for或since填空）1. He has lived in Nanjing _ two years ago.2. Ive known him _ we were children.3. Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years.4. She has b

12、een away from the city _ about ten years.5. It has been ten years _ she left the city.B)（完成下列句子）1. 她在這所教學(xué)已經(jīng)有五年了。She_ at this school _ .She_ at this school _ .自從她來到這所城市，她就在這所學(xué)校教學(xué)。She_ at this school _ .2. 從2006年， 他就在這里工作。He_ here _. He_ here _. 自從他來這里以來， 他就在這家工廠工作。He_ here _ .3. He has lived in the s

13、mall town for 20 years.(對劃線部分提問)_ .4. Wu Dong _(be) a soldier for one year.5. The students _(study) in the middle school since last month.6. How long _ you _(know) him?7. Mike _ (make) quite a few friends since he came to China.8. These children _ (stay) in the park for two hours.9. I have been to M

14、acau before.(改為否定句) I _ _ been to Macau before.10 .He has learned English for 5 years.(就劃線部分提問)_ _ _ _ learned English ?11. I bought a new bike just now.(用just改寫)I _ just _ a new bike.do-_-_ go-_-_ come-_-_have-_-_ see-_-_ be-_-_read-_-_ eat-_-_ find-_-_ get-_-_ win-_-_ speak-_-_teach-taught-taught

15、sing-sang-sung drink-drank-drunkswim-swam-swum begin-began-begun run-ran-run現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法(4)have gone to, have been to, have been inhave gone to 指去某地還沒回來。have been to 指到過某地且已經(jīng)回來，可以和once, twice, three times, often, never, ever連用，也可和 just，never，ever等連用。have been in 指一直待在某地，常與for, since 時(shí)間狀語連用例如：1.Where

16、 is Jim？He has gone to England. 2. My father has been to Beijing twice. 3. I have been in Shanghai for three years. 用have been to, have gone to，have been in的各種形式填空。 1. Where are the boys?They _ the teachers office.2. My father _ Japan twice.3. Tom _ China since 1998.4. She_ never_ Lon

17、don before.5. How long _you_ London?6. Where _ you , Lily?I_ the bookshop and bought many books.7. Jack, I havent seen your brother for a long time. He _ Shanghai on business for two months.二、翻譯下列句子：1. 格林先生在北京已經(jīng)有10年了。_2. 你曾經(jīng)去過美國嗎？去過，我去過三次。_3. 瑪麗哪去了？她去超市了。_一、選擇題。1. We have been friends since _. A. ch

18、ildren B. five years C. five years ago D. five years before 2. You _ that question three times. A. already asked B. have already asked C. already have asked D. asked already 3. Those foreign friends left Guangzhou _. A. since last week B. a week ago C. for a week D. since a week ago 4. I _ at this s

19、chool for two years. A. am studying B. study C. studied D. have studied 5. They _ in the city since last summer. A. live B. didnt live C. have lived D. live 6. Mrs. Wang has lived in Haikou _ 1992. A. since B. from C. after D. in 二、用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. _ you _ (read) todays newspaper yet? 2. They _already_

20、(do) their homework. 3. -_ you _ (see) the film last night? -No, I _ (see) it for several times. 4. She _ (be) ill for three days. 5. My father _ ( buy) a book for me yesterday. 6. She_ (never read) this book before. 7. _ you ever _ (travel) on a train before? 8. - _ Wei Hua _ (come) yet? -Yes. She_

21、 (come) already. She _ (come) just now. 9. -How long _you _(learn) English? -For more than two years. 10. They _ (live) in China since they _ (move) to China. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(5)延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和終止性動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示能夠延續(xù)的動(dòng)作。如：study, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可以與for+

22、段時(shí)間，since+過去時(shí)間點(diǎn)/ago/過去時(shí)的句子連用。He has lived here for 6 years. You can keep the book for 5 days.I stayed there for 2 weeks last year. How long did you stay there last year?終止性動(dòng)詞也稱非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞、瞬間動(dòng)詞或點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞，表示不能延續(xù)的動(dòng)作,這種動(dòng)作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束。 如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy, arrive等。終止性動(dòng)詞在現(xiàn)

23、在完成時(shí)中的用法：1）終止性動(dòng)詞可用來表示某一動(dòng)作的完成，因此可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。The plane has arrived飛機(jī)到了。I have finished my homework我已完成了作業(yè)。 2）終止性動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作極其短暫，不能持續(xù)，所以其現(xiàn)在完成時(shí), 不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。如： 他死了三年了。誤：He has died for three years 他來這兒三個(gè)月了。誤：he has come

24、0;here for three months 兩句中的動(dòng)詞die和come都為終止性動(dòng)詞，它們可用于完成時(shí)，但不能同表示一段時(shí)間的狀語for three years months連用。那這兩句如何譯成英語呢？我們可采用下列方法： A用能夠表示持續(xù)狀態(tài)的相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞替換句中的終止性動(dòng)詞。如： He has been dead for three years He has been here f

25、or three months B. 把時(shí)間狀語改為表示過去的時(shí)間狀語，把現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)改為一般過去時(shí)。如：  He died three years ago He came here three months ago 兩者的轉(zhuǎn)換:leave - be away( from), borrow - keep, buy - have, begin/start - be on, die - be dead, finish - be over, get up

26、-be up, come here - be here, go there - be there, become - be, come back - be back, get to/ arrive/reach - be (in), go (get) out be out， put on wear catch a cold have a cold, join - be in+/ be a member of+,根據(jù)提示完成句子1. 他的爺爺去世三年了。His grandfather_ 3 years ago.His grandfather has_ _ _ 3 years.2. 你買這輛自行車有

27、多長時(shí)間了？ How long have you_the bike? 3. 我買這本故事書三年了。I have _this story book_three years.4.他參軍十年了He _the Army（軍隊(duì)）ten years ago.He has _ _the Army for 10 years.5. The film began two minutes ago. （同義句）The film _ _ _ for _ _. 6. I bought a pen two hours ago. （同義句）I _ _ a pen for _ _. 7. He left Fuzhou just

28、 now. （同義句）He _ _ _ _ Fuzhou for five minutes. 8. He came back two years ago. He _ _ _ for _ _. 9. He arrived Beijing five minutes ago. He _ _ _ Beijing for _ _. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法(7)一、單項(xiàng)選擇 1. Mary_ to see the film tomorrow because she_ it twice. A. wont go, saw B. wont go, will see C. wont go, has seen D. did

29、nt go, sees 2.- Would you like some more food? -Thank you. I _ enough（足夠）. A. will have B. have had C. have D. had 3. - _ you _ England? -Yes, it_ a beautiful country. A. Will, gone to, was B. Have, been to, is C. Had, been to, is D. Have, gone to, is 4. -_ you_ to Beijing? -No, I _. I _ there early

30、 next month. A. Have, been, havent, am going B. Had, been, hadnt, am going C. Have, gone, havent, was going D. Did, go, didnt, was going 5. -You sister_ to London to study English. Is that true? -Yes , she_ there for two months. A. has been, has been B. will go, has gone C. gone, will be D. has gone

31、, has been 6. He has a computer of his own. He_ it two days ago A. bought B. is bring C. will bring D. has bought 7. Where is Li Lei? He _ Shanghai. A. has gone to B. has been to C. went to D. goes to 8. David _ Shanghai for more than three months. A. came to B. has been to C. has been in D. has com

32、e to 9. - Is your father a Party member? - Yes, he_ the Party(黨) three years ago. He _ a Party member for three years. A. joined; has been B. has joined; has been C. was joined; is D. joined; was 10. It _ ten years since he left the army . is . has . will . was二、根據(jù)要求完成句子。1. He has lived here since 1

33、999.(就劃線部分提問) _ _ _ he_ here? 2. They have already finished the work.（否定句） They _ _ the work _. 3. My father got there two days ago.（同義句） My father _ _ _ for two days. 4. Mr. Li began to teach English in this school in 1999.（同義句） Mr. Li _ _ English in this school since 1999. 5.They have cleaned the

34、room twice this week. (就劃線部分提問) _ _ _ _ they _ the classroom this week? 6. My father went to England in 2003 and 2005. （同義句） My father _ _ _ England _. 7. John left Beijing three years ago. （同義句） John_ _ _ _ Beijing_ three years. 8. My father bought the car half a year ago. （同義句） My father _ _ the c

35、ar _ half a year. 9. The film began ten minutes ago. （同義句） The film _ _ _ for ten minutes. 10. I borrowed this book two weeks ago. （同義句） I _ _ this book for two weeks.Notes: 某事發(fā)生已經(jīng)有多長時(shí)間了 A用“It is has been 一段時(shí)間since（一般過去時(shí)）”結(jié)構(gòu)。如： It is has been three y

36、ears since he died It is has been three months since he came here B用“多長時(shí)間has passed since（一般過去時(shí)）”結(jié)構(gòu)。如： Three years has passed since he died Three months has passed&#

37、160;since he came here 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法(8)：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語already never ever just yet before since for in the past/last few weeks/years/months/daysup to now/till now（直到現(xiàn)在） so far （到目前為止；迄今為止）lately recently (近來，最近) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還往往可以同包括現(xiàn)在時(shí)間在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語連用,如now, today, this morning/week/month/year等: 1. Peter

38、 has written six papers so far. 2. Mary has now learned to operate the machine. 3. There has been too much rain in Beijing this year. 4. Up to now everything has been successful. 5. Shijiazhuang has changed a lot in the past/last 3 years.6. I haven't seen him recently.7. I've only recently s

39、tarted learning French.一、單項(xiàng)選擇 1. Jim Green _ in China for two years. A. has come B. has been C. has arrived D. came 2. The film _ for half an hour. A. has been on B. has begun C. hasnt begun D. began 3.Where have you _ these days？ I have _to Beijing with my friends A. been；gone B. been；been C. gone；

40、been D. gone；gone 4. How long have you _ this book？ A. bought Bborrowed Chad Dlent 5I have watched the game When _you _ it？ Ahave；watched Bdo；watch Cdid；watch Dwill；watch 6Miss Brown _ to the Great Wall twice Ahave been Bhas been Chave gone Dhas gone 7.His brother has been to Stone Forest twice _ he

41、 came to Yunnan Aafter Bbefore Csince Dfor 8His grandpa _ for two years Awas died Bhas been dead Cwas dead Dhas died 9Have you ever_ to Haikou？ Yes，I_ there with my family last August Agone；went Bbeen；went Cbeen；went to Dbeen；was in 10. His sister _ her hometown for three years. She'll return ne

42、xt year Aleft Bhas left Chas been away Dhas been away from 11. The famous writer _ one new book in the past two years . is writing .was writing .wrote . has written12.Our country _ a lot so far .Yes . I hope it will be even _ . has changed ; well . changed ; good . has changed ; better . changed ; better二、翻譯下面的句子。1. 我剛剛丟了我的英語書。_2. 我以前從來沒去過那個(gè)公園。_3. 你已經(jīng)看過這部電影了嗎？_4. 他學(xué)英語已經(jīng)多長時(shí)間了？_5. 他離開中國二十年了。_6. 自從1992年以來，他就住這兒了。_現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法(9)：使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句型1）It is the first / second time that ，that 從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，表示某人第幾次做某事。 It is the first time that