初中英語介詞用法總結(jié)

1、初中英語介詞用法總結(jié) 介詞(preposition)：也叫前置詞。在英語里，它的搭配能力最強(qiáng)。但不能單獨(dú)做句子成分需要和名詞或代詞（或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞類、短語及從句）構(gòu)成介詞短語，才能在句中充當(dāng)成分。介詞是一種虛詞，不能獨(dú)立充當(dāng)句子成分，需與動詞、形容詞和名詞搭配，才能在句子中充當(dāng)成分。介詞是用于名詞或代詞之前，表示詞與詞之間關(guān)系的詞類，介詞常與動詞、形容詞和名詞搭配表示不同意義。介詞短語中介詞后接名詞、代詞或可以替代名詞的詞（如：動名詞v-ing）.介詞后的代詞永遠(yuǎn)為賓格形式。 介詞的種類： （1） 簡單介詞：about, across, after, against, among, ar

2、ound, at, before, behind, below, beside, but, by, down, during, for, from, in, of, on, over, near, round, since, to, under, up, with等等。 （2） 合成介詞：inside, into, outside, throughout, upon, without, within （3） 短語介詞：according to, along with, apart from, because of, in front of, in spite of, instead of, o

3、wing to, up to, with reguard to （4） 分詞介詞：considering, reguarding, including, concerning 介詞短語：構(gòu)成 介詞+名詞 We go to school from Monday to Saturday. 介詞+代詞 Could you look for it instead of me? 介詞+動名詞 He insisted on staying home. 介詞+連接代/副詞 I was thinking of how we could get there. 介詞+不定式/從句 He gives us some

4、 advice on how to finish it. 介詞的用法：一、介詞to的常見用法1.動詞+to a)動詞+ toadjust to適應(yīng),attend to處理；照料,agree to贊同,amount to加起來達(dá)，belong to屬于,come to達(dá)到,drink to為干杯，get to到達(dá),happen to發(fā)生在某人身上,hold to緊握,lead to通向,listen to聽,occur to想起,object to反對,point to指向,respond to回答,refer to參考；指的是；涉及,reply to回答,see to負(fù)責(zé),stick to堅(jiān)持

5、,turn to求助,write to給某人寫信。 b)動詞(+sth.)+to+sb.announce to通知某人, describe to向某人描述, explain to向某人解釋, express to對某人表達(dá), mention to提及, nod to向某人點(diǎn)頭, report to報(bào)告, say to告知, shout to對某人大叫, suggest to對某人提建議,speak to與某人交談, talk to跟某人談話, whisper to和某人低聲耳語。 c)動詞+sth./sb.+ to +sth./sb.add to增加, compare to比作, carry

6、to運(yùn)送至, devote to致力于,introduce to介紹給, invite to邀請參加, join to連接到, leave to委托給,reduce to下降至, sentence to判處, take to帶到。 2. be +形容詞/過去分詞+ to be alive to覺察；曉得,be attentive to注意；留心,be awake to知曉,be blind to缺乏眼光,be close to緊挨著,be common to對某人來說很普通,be contrary to違反；反對,be devoted to致力,be deaf to不愿意聽,be equal

7、to有的力量,be exposed to暴露；遭受,be fair to對公平,be familiar to對某人來說熟悉,be grateful to對某人心存感激,be good to對有好處,be harmful to對有危害,be important to對重要,be kind to友好對待,be known to周知于,be married to嫁給,be moved to轉(zhuǎn)移到,be near to靠近,be necessary to對有必要,be opposite to在對面,be opposed to反對,be pleasant to合某人之意,be proper to專屬,b

8、e polite to禮貌待人,be rude to粗暴對待,be relative to與有關(guān),be strange to不習(xí)慣,be similar to類似,be suitable to適合,be true to忠實(shí),be thankful to感激,be useful to對有用,be used to習(xí)慣。 3.to+名詞構(gòu)成的詞組 to a degree在某種程度上, to date到現(xiàn)在為止,to ones feet跳起來，to ones mind照看來, to ones surprise使吃驚,to ones taste符合胃口, to oneself獨(dú)自享用, to order

9、定做,to the letter不折不扣地, to the point中肯地 二、at的常見用法 at構(gòu)成的詞組比較多，要細(xì)心區(qū)分。 1.動詞+ at arrive at抵達(dá),call at訪問某地, catch at(it)當(dāng)場抓住, come at攻擊, fire at向開火,glance at瞟一眼, glare at怒目而視, grieve at憂傷，knock at敲,laugh at嘲笑, look at看一眼, pull at拉扯, rejoice at對高興，smile at向某人微笑, shoot at朝射擊, stare at怒目而視,thrust at刺向, tear a

10、t撕, tremble at顫抖，wonder at吃驚，work at工作。 2. be +形容詞/過去分詞+ at be angry at惱怒于, be alarmed at對保持警覺,be astonished at對吃驚, be bad at不擅長, be clever at對某事很靈巧,be delighted at高興，be disgusted at厭惡, be disappointed at對失望，be good at擅長, be impatient at對不夠耐心, be mad at狂熱于,be pleased at對感到高興, be present at出席, be sat

11、isfied at滿意,be surprised at吃驚, be shocked at對非常震驚，be terrified at受到的恐嚇,be quick at對很機(jī)敏。 3.at+名詞構(gòu)成的詞組 at a distance在一定距離，at a loss不知所措， at a time一次，at all一點(diǎn)也不，at any cost不惜一切代價(jià)，at best最好也只是，at first起初，at hand手頭，at heart在內(nèi)心里，at home在家；無拘束，at last最后，at least至少，at most最多，at once馬上，at present目前。 三、介詞on的常

12、見用法 on的用法比較重要，本文介紹它的一些常見用法： 1.動詞+on a)動詞+ on要認(rèn)真區(qū)分下面一些詞組 act on對有作用, bring on促使；導(dǎo)致, call on拜訪某人,count on依賴, carry on執(zhí)行,depend on取決, feed on以為生,figure on料想；推斷, go on繼續(xù),have on穿著, insist on堅(jiān)持,keep on繼續(xù), lean on依賴, live on以為生, pull on迅速穿上,put on穿上, switch on接通（電源）, take to喜歡；養(yǎng)成；輕易學(xué)會，turn on接通（電源）, work

13、on操作, wait on侍候。 b)動詞+sb.(sth.)+ on +sb.(sth.) base on以為基礎(chǔ), congratulate on恭賀, fix on固定, have mercy on憐憫,have pity on憐惜, keep watch on監(jiān)視, spend on把時(shí)間、精力花在某方面。 2.be+形容詞+on的詞組 be dependent on依賴, be hard on對某人苛刻,be impressed on對印象深刻, be keen on渴望, be strict on對嚴(yán)格。 3.on+名詞構(gòu)成的詞組 on board乘（車,飛機(jī)）,on call聽候

14、召喚, on duty值班, on earth到底, on fire著火, on foot步行，on guard在崗，on hire雇用，on holiday度假 四、介詞in的常見用法 1.動詞+in a)動詞+ in believe in信任, break in碎成，bring in引起；產(chǎn)生；帶來, call in下令收回, fill in填充,get in收獲, hand in上繳, involve in涉及, lie in在于, result in導(dǎo)致, share in共享,succeed in成功, take in卷起；訂閱, turn in歸還當(dāng)局。 b)動詞+sb./time

15、/money+ in help sb. in幫助某人做某事, spare time/money in勻出時(shí)間或錢做某事,spend time/money in花時(shí)間或錢做某事,waste time/money in浪費(fèi)時(shí)間或錢做某事。 2. be +形容詞+ in be active in活躍于,be absorbed in專心致志, be busy in忙碌, be born in出生于,be concerned in牽涉, be clothed in穿著, be disappointed in對失望,be diligent in勤于, be experienced in在有經(jīng)驗(yàn), be e

16、mployed in任職于,be engaged in忙碌, be expert in某方面的專家, be excellent in在優(yōu)秀,be interested in對有興趣, be lacking in缺乏, be rich in富有,be slow in遲緩, be successful in在某方面成功, be skilled in精于,be strict in嚴(yán)于, be weak in弱于。 3. in +名詞 in advance提前,in all總共，in balance總而言之，in bed臥床，in body親自，in brief簡明扼要，in case萬一, in c

17、harge主管，in danger有危險(xiǎn), in debt負(fù)債, in despair失望,in force大量地；有效，in full全部地, in flower開花,in general一般說來,in itself本身, in love戀愛, in order井然有序, in person親自,in public公開地, in progress有進(jìn)展, in practice從實(shí)踐上看, in rags穿著破衣,in research探索, in return作為報(bào)答,in ruins一片廢墟,in short總之,in theory從理論上看, in trouble有麻煩, in tea

18、rs眼淚汪汪,in time及時(shí), in turn按順序, in vain白白地，in view看得見。 五、介詞from的常見用法 from的用法可不能小瞧，你不一定知道下面這些詞組意義。 1.動詞+from a)動詞+ from come from來自,date from追溯, depart from違背, die from死于, escape from逃出,fall from自跌落, hang from垂掛, hear from收到來信,learn from向某人學(xué)習(xí), return from自某地返回，rise from自冒出, result from起因于, suffer from忍

19、受。 b)動詞+ sth./sb. +from + sth./ sb. /a place borrow from向借, choose from選自, excuse from免除, keep from阻止做,prevent from不準(zhǔn)做, protect from不受之害, receive from收到,remove from移動；除去, save from保全；拯救, separate from分離開來,stop from阻止。 2. be +形容詞+ from be absent from缺席,be different from與眾不同, be far from更不用說, be hidde

20、n from躲避,be made from用制成, be tired from因而疲倦。 3.fromto from bad to worse每況愈下，from beginning to end自始至終，from cover to cover從頭到尾，from China to Peru到處，from day to day一天一天地，from door to door挨家挨戶，from end to end從頭至尾，from first to last自始至終，from hand to mouth勉強(qiáng)糊家，from head to foot從頭到腳，from mouth to mouth廣泛流

21、傳，from sun to sun從日出到日落，from start to finish從頭開始，from top to toe從頭到腳，from time to time不時(shí)地，from top to bottom徹底地。 六、介詞for的常見用法 1.動詞+for a）動詞+for account for解釋；說明, answer for對負(fù)責(zé),apply for申請；請求,apologize for為而道歉, beg for請求, call for要求,care for在意, enter for報(bào)名參加, fight for為而戰(zhàn), hope for希望,inquire for查詢；求見

22、, leave for離開某地到另一地, look for尋找, long for盼望,mistake for誤認(rèn)為, plan for計(jì)劃做某事, prepare for為作準(zhǔn)備,provide for為提供, reach for伸手去拿, run for競選, stand for象征,search for搜尋, send for派人去請, speak for陳述意見、愿望, take for當(dāng)作, wish for希望, wait for等待。 b)動詞+sb.+ for +sth. ask for要求得到,blame for因責(zé)備, excuse for寬恕, forgive for諒解

23、, pardon for原諒,pay for花錢買, praise for稱贊, punish for對進(jìn)行懲罰,push for催逼，reward for酬謝, thank for對表示謝意。 2. be +形容詞+for be anxious for急于做, be eager for渴望, be bad for有害于,be convenient for便于, be good for利于, be famous for以出名,be fit for適合于, be grateful for對心存感激, be impatient for對不耐煩,be late for遲到, be necessary

24、 for有必要, be ready for作好準(zhǔn)備,be sorry for為而后悔, be responsible for對負(fù)責(zé),be suitable for適合于, be unfit for不適合, be useful for對有作用。 3.for+名詞構(gòu)成的詞組 for all盡管，for a song非常便宜地，for certain確切地，for company陪著，for ever永遠(yuǎn)，for example例如，for fear以免，for fair肯定地，for free免費(fèi)，for fun為了好玩，for good永遠(yuǎn)，for instance比方，for luck祝福，f

25、or life終身，for long長久，for nothing白白地，for once有生第一次，for oneself替自己，for pleasure為了消遣，for reason因?yàn)槔碛?，for sale供出售，for shame真不害臊，for short簡稱，for sport好玩，for sure確切地。 4.動詞+副詞/名詞+for構(gòu)成的短語 be in for將遇到，make up for彌補(bǔ)，go in for從事，look out for提防，take sth. for granted把當(dāng)作理所當(dāng)然,have an ear for音感好,have a gift for有某方

26、面的天賦。一、表示時(shí)間的介詞（一）表示時(shí)間段的介詞 （1）in , after in +時(shí)間段，表示從現(xiàn)在起往后推算一段時(shí)間 after +時(shí)間段，表示過去某時(shí)間往后推算一段時(shí)間，如：Hell come back in two days. 但點(diǎn)鐘用after( after three oclock)He left on July 2 and returned after three days.（2）in , during 表示在一段特指的時(shí)間內(nèi)，可用in 或during The work was done in / during the holidays. 表示年份、月份、季節(jié)用in , 如:

27、in 1999 ,in June , in winter（3）in last, for the past + 時(shí)間段, during表示在最近一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，句中謂語動詞常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)I have been in Shanghai in the last few years.（4）for 表示延續(xù)一段時(shí)間。Ill study in the U.S for two yearsIve waited for Bingo for half an hour.（二）表示某一時(shí)間的介詞 （1）at, onat 表示某一時(shí)刻，on 表示某一天或日期, 如:at 7:14, on Saturday morning

28、on the night of May2一天內(nèi)各段時(shí)間表達(dá), 選用正確的介詞，請比較：in the morningon a winter / snow / cold / morningat nighton the night of March 7thin the eveningon Friday evening（2）before, bybefore 表示某一時(shí)間之前，而by 表示到某一時(shí)間止，句中謂語動詞多用完成時(shí)態(tài)。如:：You must get up before six. 你必須六點(diǎn)之前起床。By the end of last month the boy had got 4 “As”.

29、 到上月底這個(gè)男孩已得了4個(gè)A.（3）after , since after 可以表示過去某一點(diǎn)時(shí)間之后，并不延續(xù)說話時(shí)間,和一般過去連用，而since表示從過去某時(shí)間開始的一段時(shí)間延續(xù)到說話時(shí)間, 與現(xiàn)在完時(shí)連用 如；My father lived in Shanghai after liberation .解放后我父親住在上海.Since the end of last year the lady has given five concerts.自去年年底以來，這位女士開了五十場音樂會（4）fromto, until / till from-to表示從某一點(diǎn)時(shí)間到另一點(diǎn)時(shí)間的一段時(shí)間，而u

30、ntil till 表示某動作或狀態(tài)延續(xù)到某點(diǎn)時(shí)間如： My mother studied in Beijing University from 1960 to 1964.從1960年到1964年我媽媽在北京大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)。 My mother entered Beijing University in 1960, and studied there until 1964. 我媽媽1960年進(jìn)入北京大學(xué)，一直學(xué)習(xí)到1964年。（但“從早到晚”常表達(dá)為from morning till night）（三）不用介詞表示時(shí)間的詞或詞組含this, that, last, next 的表示時(shí)間的名詞詞組,以

31、及某些時(shí)間的副詞或名詞詞組前不用介詞,如：this year last summer, yesterday , the day after tomorrow 等。 二、表示事物之間位置的介詞 （1）at, in當(dāng)事物被視作一點(diǎn)，不強(qiáng)調(diào)其空間常用介詞at, 而表示空間內(nèi)部用介詞in, 如：Well meet at the supermarket 我們在超市見面I had to stay in the supermarket as it was raining hard因?yàn)橄麓笥?，我只好呆在超市?動詞arrive 后接at ,表示較小的地方, 如: 車站、村莊等.后接in 表示較大地方，如: 城

32、市,地區(qū)等（2）in, to in 表示事物在區(qū)域范圍內(nèi)的位置，to 表示事物對區(qū)域范圍之外另一事物的位置，如： Shanghai is in the east of China. 上海在中國東部Japan lies to the east of China. 日本位于中國東面。in front of 表示在前面,一般不在范圍內(nèi)，in the front of 表示在前面.在同一范圍內(nèi)。（3）after, behind，On，Over，Under，Above，Below after 指順序先后 ,behind 指位置在某事物之后，相對于in front of 而言, 如： He entered

33、 the classroom after the teacherHe hid himself behind the door 他在門后。（4）on , in on 表示“在某事物表面上”。如將事物看作空間，表示在其內(nèi)部，用介詞in。 There is a modern painting on the wall . There is a modern painting on the wall .（5）from , off 都表示“離開”（6）above , over, below , under over , under 表示垂直的上下關(guān)系，而above, below 僅表示位置上“高于”或“低

34、于”, 不表示垂直關(guān)系。（7）between, amongbetween 表示“兩個(gè)事物之間”, among 表示“三者以上的事物之間”。三、表示運(yùn)動方向的介詞（1）into, inside , in 從外到內(nèi) 如： He went quickly into / inside the room. He went quickly into / inside the room.（2）out of 從里到外，相當(dāng)于outside, 或從里向外,相當(dāng)于from She went out of from the office in a hurry 她匆匆走出辦公室. The boy watched th

35、e buses, cars and bikes out from the window .這男孩透過窗觀看外面的公交車、小汽車和自行車。（3）on 在表面，onto 到上A boat is on the river. 一條小船在河上。He jumped onto a tree. 他跳上一棵樹（4）across 穿過一平面、through 穿過一空間 The boy kicked the ball hard and it moved across the grass. 這男孩用力踢球，球飛過草地。 The train moved fast through the tunnel. 火車飛駛隧道。（

36、5）The train moved fast through the tunnel. 火車飛駛隧道。She walked to the bank 她步行到銀行去She swam towards the shore 她朝岸邊游去。 四、常用介詞用法比較 （1）as , likeas 表示“作為”強(qiáng)調(diào)身份，like (介詞)表示“像”As a teacher, he cares for these children.Like a teacher, he cares for these children.（2）with , in with 表示“外貌特征或附帶的東西” ,“ 用作工具”in 表示”衣

37、著” ”用某語言”, 在固定搭配中也可用inA man with dark glasses wanted to buy drinks. A man in black wanted to buy drinks. The boy is learning to write in pencil / with a pencil. He retold the text in English.（3）for , to for表示“為了.” To 表示動作對象, “對, 向.” 如: He would do anything for his motherland. Did you mention this to

38、 my father? 你對我父親提起過這件事嗎?for 表示“就某情況而說 ”, to 表示一“對某對象而言”如：Its quite warm today for February.就二月的天氣，今天夠暖和的。What he told you just now was not new to me他剛才對你所說的話對我并不新鮮for 表示“目的,用途”。與go, come 動詞連用，（4）except , besides except 表示“從總體中排除一部分”, 與bat 同義， besides 表示“除了一部分還有另一部分” We all failed except him. 我們都失敗了

39、，但他沒有。He speaks German besides French.他懂法外還會講英語。（5）注意成對介詞的用法： get into (out of ) the car, get on (off) the bus, jump onto (off) the platform, out of （6）介詞和名詞動詞等有不少固定搭配和習(xí)慣用法： to ones surprise / joy, in charge of , instead of, in bed (hospital), in trouble, in a hurry, in surprise, with a smile, with

40、one voice, according to, at once, on time, in time, in all, at home, (school, work), at last, at least, in the end, by the way, for example, at the same time, at the same speed, on ones way (to), in the sun, on the football team, in line, with the help of, in red / green put on, look for, look after

41、, run after, send for, enter for, pay for, showaround, listen to, arrive in / at, get to, agree with, succeed in, think of (about), wait for,. （7）表示加減乘除，分別用介詞plus, minus, times 和動詞過去分詞divided + by二、復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)需要注意的要點(diǎn)（1） 介詞一般放在名詞之前，但它后面的介詞賓語是疑問代詞、疑問副詞或者關(guān)系代詞時(shí)，這些詞提到了前面而只剩下介詞在后了。（2） 介詞和動詞、形容詞、名詞等常常構(gòu)成固定搭配，也就是說，在

42、這些詞的后面常常要求用一定的介詞。這一點(diǎn)在學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)要特別注意。如：a.動詞+介詞：laugh at, wait forb.形容詞、過去分詞+介詞：be good at, be prond ofc.名詞+介詞：pay a visit to , the key to 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練一、例題選講例1We will play football three oclock AIn BAfter CTo DSince 答案：B提示：這四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的介詞都可以表示時(shí)間，但含義和用法不同。in常用來表示以現(xiàn)在為起點(diǎn)的將來一段時(shí)間之后，after·可表示從過去為起點(diǎn)的一段時(shí)間之后，通常與過去時(shí)連用。但要注意afte

43、r·也可以表示將來某一特定時(shí)刻之后。本題里after表示將來某一特定時(shí)刻。例2The story took place a cold night. AIn BAfter CTo DSince 答案：B提示：on通常指特定時(shí)期：或表示某一天的上午，下午，晚上等。句中的時(shí)間狀語a cold night已表明在某個(gè)寒冷的夜晚，其前面應(yīng)使用介詞on。例3We will play football three oclock AIn BAfter CTo DSince 答案：B提示：這四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的介詞都可以表示時(shí)間，但含義和用法不同。in常用來表示以現(xiàn)在為起點(diǎn)的將來一段時(shí)間之后，after·可表示從過去為起點(diǎn)的一段時(shí)間之后，通常與過去時(shí)連用。但要注意after·也可以表示將來某一特定時(shí)刻之后。本題里after表示將來某一特定時(shí)刻。例4The story took place a cold night. AIn BAfter CTo DSince 答案：B提示：on通常指特定時(shí)期：