小升初英語(yǔ)----代詞(共17頁(yè))

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上代 詞一教學(xué)內(nèi)容1復(fù)習(xí)上節(jié)課的內(nèi)容，鞏固上節(jié)課的重難點(diǎn)2新課講解一、定義與分類代詞是代替名詞及起名詞作用的短語(yǔ)或句子的詞。代詞根據(jù)其意思和用法可分為人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞、相互代詞、疑問(wèn)代詞、連接代詞、關(guān)系代詞、不定代詞九類。二：人稱代詞，物主代詞，反身代詞用法概述這三種代詞都有人稱（一、二、三人稱）的變化、數(shù)（單、復(fù)數(shù)）的變化，以及性（陰性、陽(yáng)性、中性）的變化。其中，人稱代詞除了這三種變化外，還有格（主格、賓格）的變化。物主代詞又包括兩種形式：形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞。特別注意：形容詞性物主代詞its沒(méi)有相應(yīng)的名詞性物主代詞。這三種代詞的形式

2、變化表如下：人稱單復(fù)數(shù)主 格賓 格形容詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞反身代詞第一人稱單 數(shù)Imemyminemyself復(fù) 數(shù)weusouroursourselves第二人稱單 數(shù)youyouyouryoursyourself復(fù) 數(shù)youyouyouryoursyourselves第三人稱單 數(shù)hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfititits無(wú)itself復(fù) 數(shù)theythemtheirtheirsthemselves三、人稱代詞的用法1) 定義：人稱代詞是用來(lái)指代人、動(dòng)物或事物的代詞。它必須在人稱(第一人稱、第二人稱、及第三人稱)、數(shù)（單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)）以及性

3、（陰性、陽(yáng)性、中性）三方面與被指代的名詞一致。如：I am a student. Tom is a boy, and he is a student.Mary is very pretty, and she likes singing.The boys are students, and they are in the room.The doy is small. It is Tom's.2) 人稱代詞的句法功能A) 人稱代詞有主格和賓語(yǔ)之分：主格用作主語(yǔ)，賓格用作賓語(yǔ)。B) 人稱代詞的主格形式在在句中作主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。 如: I like music(主語(yǔ)). She is a teac

4、her.(主語(yǔ))She and I are good friends(主語(yǔ)).Neither she nor I am student.I saw the boys this morning.Are you sure it was they(表語(yǔ))?It might have been she.C) 人稱代詞的賓格在句子作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，或者介詞的賓語(yǔ)。如：I saw him at the party(賓語(yǔ)).I haven't seen them recently.(賓語(yǔ))I bought a book for them.(作介詞賓語(yǔ))=I bought them a book.(間接賓

5、語(yǔ))三、物主代詞的用法1）定義：物主代詞分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞。形容詞性物主代詞在句中只用作定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞，不能單獨(dú)使用；名詞性物主代詞則不能用作定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞詞組，可以單獨(dú)使用，在句中用作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、和介詞of連用。如：Here is my dog. Its name is Tom.（形容詞性物主代詞） My sister lost her bicycle.Is that coffee yours or hers? (名詞性物主代詞)2) 名詞性物主代詞的句法功能 a. 作主語(yǔ)如： May I use your pen? Yours works better.

6、 b. 作賓語(yǔ)如：I love my motherland as much as you love yours. 我愛(ài)我的祖國(guó)就像你愛(ài)你的祖國(guó)一樣深。c. 作介詞賓語(yǔ)I am writing with your pen, not with mine.d. 作表語(yǔ)如：My life is yours. It's yours. It's yours. 我的生命屬于你，屬于你，屬于你。3） 形容詞性物主代詞的用法A) 形容詞性物主代詞與形容詞一起修飾名詞時(shí),其順序是:形容詞性物主代詞+形容詞+名詞。如: my new bike 我的新自行車 her young son 她年幼的兒子B

7、) 形容詞性物主代詞所修飾的名詞可以是單數(shù),也可以是復(fù)數(shù)。如: my pen我的鋼筆 his books他的書(shū)C) 形容詞性物主代詞不能單獨(dú)使用,它后面必須跟名詞,即在名詞前作定語(yǔ)。如:這是我的鋼筆.誤This pen is my.正This is my pen.D) 當(dāng)名詞前有形容詞性物主代詞修飾時(shí),不能再用冠詞a, an或the來(lái)修飾名詞。如:那是我的自行車.誤That is my a bike. / That is a my bike.正That is my bike.3)當(dāng)名詞前有形容詞性物主代詞修飾時(shí),不能再用指示代詞this, that, these或those來(lái)修飾名詞。如:他們

8、的電腦在這兒。誤Their those computers are here.(或Those their computers are here.)正Their computers are here. 注意：A) 名詞性物主代詞后不能跟名詞，或代詞one。它總是單獨(dú)出現(xiàn)在句中。如：The umbrella is mine.He likes my pen. He doesnt like hers. B) 名詞性物主代詞=形容詞性物主代詞+名詞 為避免重復(fù)使用名詞，有時(shí)可用“名詞性物主代詞”來(lái)代替“形容詞性物主代詞+名詞”的形式。 如：My bag is yellow, her bag is red

9、, his bag is blue and your bag is pink. 為避免重復(fù)使用bag，可寫(xiě)成My bag is yellow, hers is red, his is blue and yours is pink. C) 名詞性的物主代詞在用法上相當(dāng)于省略了中心名詞的 -'s屬格結(jié)構(gòu).如： Jack's cap 意為 The cap is Jack's. His cap 意為 The cap is his. D) 可以說(shuō) a friend of mine (ours, yours, hers, his, theirs)，=one of my friend

10、s；但是不能說(shuō) a friend of me (us, you, her, him, them)。E) 有時(shí)同一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)用不用物主代詞會(huì)導(dǎo)致含義的變化。如：Dot lose heart. 別灰心She lost her heart to Jim. 她愛(ài)上了吉姆。指示代詞1. 指示代詞的定義：指示人或物的代詞，這些代詞可譯為“這個(gè)”“那個(gè)”“這些”“那些”指示代詞有數(shù)的變化，其形式見(jiàn)下表單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù)this 這個(gè)these 那個(gè)that 這些those 那些2. 指示代詞的用法（1）指示代詞后面所接動(dòng)詞不盡相同：this和that 后面是單數(shù)形式：these和those后面是復(fù)數(shù)形式This / T

11、hat is a desk. 這/那是一張桌子。These / Those are desks. 這些/那些是桌子。（2）指示代詞在意義上有遠(yuǎn)近的差別：this和these指在空間上較近的事物；that 和those指空間上較遠(yuǎn)的事物This is my book. That is your book. 這是我的書(shū)。那是你的書(shū)。These are your gifts. Those are my gifts. 這些是你的禮物，那些是我的禮物。（3）this 和that 可以用來(lái)代替前面說(shuō)過(guò)的話I didnt put my shoes away. This made my mother angr

12、y. 我沒(méi)有把自己的鞋收起來(lái)，這令媽媽很生氣。Mr Smith is a warn-hearted person. That is why we like him very much. 史密斯先生是個(gè)熱心腸，這是我們非常喜歡他的原因。疑問(wèn)代詞1. 疑問(wèn)代詞在句子中用來(lái)構(gòu)成特殊疑問(wèn)句，主要用于詢問(wèn)“何人”“何物”“什么”。小學(xué)階段的常用的疑問(wèn)代詞有who , whose , which和what2. 疑問(wèn)代詞的用法（1）who只能用于對(duì)人的提問(wèn)，意為“誰(shuí)”Who is on duty today? 誰(shuí)今天值日？Who knows the girl in red? 誰(shuí)認(rèn)識(shí)那個(gè)穿紅衣服的女孩？（2）

13、whose 也用于對(duì)人的提問(wèn)，詢問(wèn)所有關(guān)系，意為“誰(shuí)的”Whose book is this? 這是誰(shuí)的書(shū)？Whose pencils are those in the pencil-case? 文具盒中的那些鉛筆是誰(shuí)的？小提示who 和whose都用于對(duì)人的提問(wèn)，但whose詢問(wèn)的是所有關(guān)系，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)，所以whose后常跟名詞，而who則沒(méi)有此種用法 (3) which可用于對(duì)人、事、物的提問(wèn)，意為“哪一個(gè)”Which one is your brother?Which one do you like best, an apple , a banana or an orange?Whi

14、ch way shall we go?(4) what 可用于對(duì)事或物的提問(wèn)，意為“什么What are you doing?What day is it today?不定代詞1.不定代詞的定義：不具體指明代替任何特定名詞或形容詞的代詞不定代詞復(fù)合不定代詞不可數(shù)可數(shù)可數(shù)或不可數(shù)不可數(shù)little不多的a little 少量much 許多few 很少a few 一些many 很多both 兩者都o(jì)Other(s) anotherneither兩者都不either 兩者之一each 每個(gè)all 全部no 無(wú)some 一些any 任何such 如此somebody/ someone 某人someth

15、ing 某事或某物anybody/anyone 任何人nobody 沒(méi)有人no one 無(wú)一人nothing 沒(méi)有東西none 沒(méi)有人或物everything/ everyone 每件事、每人2. 不定代詞的用法(1) some, any 一些some常用于肯定句，any多用于否定句。疑問(wèn)句中，兩者都可與可數(shù)名詞單、復(fù)數(shù)以及不可數(shù)名詞連用I have some beautiful pictures.Is there any water in the bottle?(2) many, much 許多Many后接可數(shù)名詞，much后跟不可數(shù)名詞，much作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)Many stude

16、nts like English.There is much juice in the bottle.(3) few, a few , little , a little 肯定否定可數(shù)A fewfew不可數(shù)A little littleI have few friends here.I have a few friends here.I have little money about me.I have a little money about me.(4)other , anotherother意為“別的”，常和復(fù)數(shù)名詞以及不可數(shù)名詞連用，加定冠詞時(shí)，表示“兩者中的另一個(gè)”。Another

17、表示三者以上當(dāng)中的“另一個(gè)”，常表示單數(shù)概念，與可數(shù)名詞連用He often helps other students.I dont like this book. I want the other.Would you like another hamburger?(5)each , every 每個(gè)Each強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Every后接單數(shù)名詞，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式Each girl has a flower. 每個(gè)女孩子都有一束花。She knows every teacher in the school. 她認(rèn)識(shí)學(xué)校里的每一位老師。（6）both, all 都

18、Both 是指“兩者都”，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，all表示“三者或三者以上”都，后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，后接不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)Both of us like watching TV.They are all good friends.(7) either , neither Either 表示“(兩者中)任何一個(gè)”， neither 表示“（兩者中）沒(méi)有一個(gè)”，兩者意義相反，后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都要用單數(shù)形式Either of us may go there. 我們兩可去一個(gè)。Neither apple is delicious. 兩個(gè)蘋(píng)果都不好吃。代詞的專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練一 用適合的代詞完

19、成下列表格。人稱單復(fù)數(shù)主 格賓 格形容詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞反身代詞第一人稱單 數(shù)復(fù) 數(shù)第二人稱單 數(shù)復(fù) 數(shù)第三人稱單 數(shù)復(fù) 數(shù)二 單項(xiàng)選擇基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo)題1. He is a boy._ name is Tony.A He B His C She D Her2. -_ are these shirts? -They are his.A Who B Which C What D Whose3. This is _ clock. _face is round.A I ,Its B my,Its C me,It D our,Its4. _ are good friends.A I, you and

20、he B You,I and he C He,you and I D You,he and I 5. - Is that a banana? - Yes,_ is.A it B this C that D its6. There are some shoes over there.The new _are Mikes.A one B ones C them D /7. Ann is from America,_ is an American girl.A He B She C Her D Him8. The girl are watering the flowers._ teacher is

21、helping them.A They B Their C Them D Theirs9. Look at the picture.The boy in yellow is _.A I B me C my D mine10. Let _ tell you a story about UFO.A I B me C my D mine能力提升1 _ are all blind people.A She B He C Them D They2 He smells the food with _ nose.A her B him C his D himself3 They are proud of _

22、 for their good sense of taste.A himself B their C themselves D herself4 The dog can run out of the fire by_.A itself B it C yourself D themselves5 She _ did all the dishes.A her B himself C themselves D herself6 The old man fell down and hurt _.A hiself B herself C him D he 7 Did you enjoy _ at the

23、 party last weekend?A you B I C yourself D myself8 Help _ to the cake, Tom and Jim!A yourself B your C yourselves D you 9 _ are in the same class.A I ,you and he B He,you and I C You,he and I D You,and me 10 - I cant find my pen.Can you lend _ yours?- Sorry,I am using it _ .A I,myself B my,me C me,y

24、ourself D I ,myself11 Mr.White didnt teach _ English last term.Our English teacher is Mr.Black.A we B us C our D ourselves12 -Oh,hi,Ann. - Hi,Mary.Come in.Make _ at home.A you B your C yourself D yourselves13 -She is too busy to help_ with the work. - Lets do it _.A her,herself B us,ourselves C it,i

25、tself D you,yourself14 Tom,your father asked you to do it_.A itself B yourself C himself D yourselves15.He is a boy,_ name is Tony.A He B His C She D Her16.-_ are these shirts?-They are his.A Who B Which C What D Whose17.This is _ clock._ face is round.A I ,Its B my,Its C me,It D our,Its_ are good f

26、riends.A I,you and he B You,I and he C He,you and I D You,he and I 18.Look at the picture.The boyin yellow is _.A I B me C my D mine三、填入正確的物主代詞1. Are these _（you）pencils?Yes, they are _（our）.2. Whose is this pencil?Its _（I）.3. She is_（I）classmate.4.

27、Miss Li often looks after_（she）brother.5. Are these _（they）bags ？6. No, they arent _（their）. They are _（we）.7. I ate all _ sandwiches yesterday.( I ) Can I have one of _ ? ( y

28、ou )8. George has lost _ ( his ) pen. Ask Mary if（是否）she will lend him _ . ( she )9. Jack has a dog and so have I. _ ( he ) dog and _ ( I ) had a fight (打架).10. The&

29、#160;teacher wants you to return that book of _ ( he )11. Mr. and Mrs. Green and a friend of _ are coming to see us. ( they )12. We are going to Paris to stay&#

30、160;with a French friend of _ . (we )四、填入正確的人稱代詞和物主代詞1. This isnt_knife. _ is green. ( she )2. These are your books，Kate. Put _ in the desk，please. (they )3. _ must look after _ things.

31、 ( you )4. Wei Fang，is that _ ruler? Yes，its.( you )5. They want a football. Give _ the green one，please. ( they)6. Its Lin Taos bag. Give it to _. ( he )7. Is this pencil-box Li L

32、eis? No，_ is very new. ( he )8. This box is too heavy. I cant carry _. ( it )9. Dont worry，Let _( I ) help _. ( you)10. _ is a boy _ name is Mike. Mikes friends like

33、 _ very much. ( he )11. My sister is in _ room. _ is a teacher. ( she )12. Jane is a little girl. _ mother is a nurse. ( she )13. We are in _ classroom. _ classroom&

34、#160;is big. ( we)14. My father and mother are teachers. _ are busy ( them)15. You are a pupil. Is _ brother a pupil, too? ( you )五、用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. These are _ ( he ) brothers.2. That is _( she ) sister.3. Lily

35、is _ ( Lucy ) sister.4. Tom, this is _ ( me ) cousin, Mary.5. Now _(her parent) are in America.6. Those _ ( child ) are _ ( I ) fathers students.7. Do you know _ ( it ) name?8. Mike and Tom _ ( be ) friends.9. Thanks for helping _( I ).10. _(Ann安)mother is _(we) teacher.11. _ is my au

36、nt. We often visit _. ( she )12. China is a developing country. _is in the east of Asia. ( its )13. I own a blue bike. The red one isnt _. ( I )14. These new houses are&#

37、160;so nice. _ are very expensive.( them )15. The fishermen caught a lot of fish, didnt _? ( them )16. Ling Ling is a girl. _ studies in a primary school. _ brother lives

38、 with _  and helps _ with_ lessons. ( she )17. Mike is my classmate. _ is good at English . ( his )18. Kate wants a glass of milk. Will you pass it to _ ? ( she

39、 )19. Whats the weather like today ? _ is cloudy. ( its )20. This is my brother Tony. Today is _(he) birthday.21. That is my toy lion. _(it) nose is small.22. This is _(I) classmate. _(she) name is Ginger.23. That is _(we) English teacher.24. _(he) brother is

40、my classmate.25. This is a wolf. _(it) eyes are green. _(they) are big.26. Grandma! _(you) eyes are big.27. Where is _(you) white rubber?28. Jimmy is _(i) good deskmate. _(we) are from Beijing.29. Is Miss Green _ (they) class teacher?30. _(we) art teacher is very super.31. _(they) class teacher is M

41、rs Green.32. This is _(they) English teacher. _ (he) name is Hob.33. Are they _(they) music teachers? Yes, they are.34. Im tired. Im on _(I) bed.35. _(she) grandma has got an colour basketball.36. My rabbit is lovely. _ (it) ears are long.37. Is this Johns football? No, it isnt _(he) football.38. _

42、(we) classroom is dirty. Lets sweep the floor.39. What does _(he) father do? Hes a driver.40. _(you) Chinese teacher is nice. 41. A friend of_ will come to see her tomorrow. (she)42. Excuse me, is this English book ? ( you )43. I have a dog._ name is Lucy. (it)44. Those table tennis bats are _ . ( s

43、he )45. These schoolbags arent_(they).They are_(we).六、從括號(hào)內(nèi)選擇正確的代詞填空1. Your football clothes are on the desk. Please put _(they，them，their，theirs) away.2. (We，Us，Our，Ours)_ English teacher is Mrs. Green. We all like&

44、#160;_(she，her，hers).3. （I, Me，My，Mine)_ cant get my kite.  Could you help _(I，me，my，mine)?4. Tom cant get down from the tree. Can you help _(he，him，his)?5. We cant find our bikes. Can 

45、you help _(we，us，our，ours)?6. These are _(he，him，his) planes.  The white ones are _(I，me，mine).七、選擇填空( ) 1. Whos singing over there ?    _ is Sandys sister.A. That    

46、60;           B. It                   C. She                

47、D. This( ) 2. _ will spend the summer holiday in Hawaii.       A. She, you and I       B. You, she and I       C. I

48、, you and she        D. Her, me and you( ) 3.My uncle bought a new bike for _.      A. theirs            

49、      B. they            C. me              D. I( ) 4. - Heres a postcard for you, Jim!- Oh, _&

50、#160;is from my friend, Mary.      A. he               B. it                  C.

51、 she              D. its( ) 5. Is she your aunt? Yes, _. A. shesB. her isC. she isD. he is( ) 6. Are _ coats yours? Yes, they are . A. theyB. theseC. thisD. there( ) 7. Is that _ uncle? No, it isnt A. heB. sheC. herD. hers( ) 8. _ school is much larger than _ . ATheir; ourBTheir; ours CTheirs; oursDTheirs; our(