第11講 漢語(yǔ)中的“把”字句,虛詞

1、篇章翻譯練習(xí)得病以前，我受父母寵愛(ài)，在家中橫行霸道，一旦隔離，拘禁在花園山坡上一幢小房子里，我頓感打入冷宮，十分郁郁不得志起來(lái)。一個(gè)春天的傍晚，園中百花怒放，父母在園中設(shè)宴，一時(shí)賓客云集，笑語(yǔ)四溢。我在山坡的小屋里，悄悄掀起窗簾，窺見(jiàn)園中大千世界，一片繁華，自己的哥姐，堂表弟兄，也穿插其間，個(gè)個(gè)喜氣洋洋。一霎時(shí)，一陣被人摒棄，為世所遺的悲憤兜上心頭，禁不住痛哭起來(lái)。四字詞“百花怒放”“賓客云集”“穿插其間” A hundred flowers angrily opened *The guests gathered like cloud * Penetrate and insert in it

2、*“橫行霸道”rage, run wild, like a tyrant, play the bully而這些表達(dá)法分別與以下喻體相關(guān)：tyrant暴君、恃強(qiáng)凌弱者bully. 打入冷宮：冷宮是指君王安置失寵后妃的地方: in the moon palace. 這里我們可以說(shuō)loss of favor, in disfavor, fall into disgrace.1. 得病以前，我受父母寵愛(ài)，在家中橫行霸道，譯文1：Before I was taken ill, I had been a spoiled child of my parents, getting things my way

3、in the family.譯文2: Before I fell ill, I had been the bully in my family owing to my doting parents.2. 一旦隔離，拘禁在花園山坡上一幢小房子里，一旦隔離，拘禁在花園山坡上一幢小房子里，我頓感打入冷宮，十分郁郁不得志起來(lái)。我頓感打入冷宮，十分郁郁不得志起來(lái)。譯文譯文1：Once isolated and confined to a small house on the slope of the garden, I suddenly found myself in disfavor and felt

4、 frustrated.譯文譯文2：Feeling like being deposed(罷免罷免) into a cold palace, I began to taste the bitterness of depression and frustration immediately after I was segregated and confined in a small house on a hillside in our garden.譯文譯文3：Once isolated and locked away in a small house on the slope of the g

5、arden, I suddenly felt being thrown away, and became sullen and disappointed.3. 一個(gè)春天的傍晚，園中百花怒放，父母在園中一個(gè)春天的傍晚，園中百花怒放，父母在園中設(shè)宴，一時(shí)賓客云集，笑語(yǔ)四溢。設(shè)宴，一時(shí)賓客云集，笑語(yǔ)四溢。譯文譯文1：One spring evening, with numerous flowers in full bloom in the garden, my parents held a garden party in honor of many guests, whose arrival at

6、once filled the place with laughing chats.譯文譯文2：One spring evening, my parents held a party in the full blossoms in the garden. In no time, the garden became lively with the guests and filled with their laughter.4. 我在山坡的小屋里，悄悄掀起窗簾，窺見(jiàn)園中大千我在山坡的小屋里，悄悄掀起窗簾，窺見(jiàn)園中大千世界，一片繁華，自己的哥姐，堂表弟兄，也穿插其世界，一片繁華，自己的哥姐，堂表弟兄

7、，也穿插其間，個(gè)個(gè)喜氣洋洋。間，個(gè)個(gè)喜氣洋洋。譯文譯文1：In the small house on the slope, I quietly lifted the curtain, only to be met by a great and prosperous world with my elder brothers and sisters and my cousins among the guests, all in jubilation.譯文譯文2：In the small house on the slope, I lifted the curtain, quietly, only

8、to see the hustle and bustle（奔忙） in the garden, with my brothers, sisters and cousins among the guests, all in jubilation.5. 一霎時(shí)，一陣被人摒棄，為世所遺的悲憤兜上一霎時(shí)，一陣被人摒棄，為世所遺的悲憤兜上心頭，禁不住痛哭起來(lái)。心頭，禁不住痛哭起來(lái)。譯文譯文1：All at once, a feeling of being deserted or abandoned overwhelmed me, and I could not help bursting into te

9、ars.譯文譯文2：Quickly enough, I was thrown into a fist of sorrowful anger at being forgotten and discarded by the rest and could not help crying my heart out.第十一講第十一講 漢語(yǔ)中的漢語(yǔ)中的“把把”字句與虛詞翻譯字句與虛詞翻譯 1.教學(xué)具體內(nèi)容：教學(xué)具體內(nèi)容：1）漢語(yǔ)）漢語(yǔ)“把把”字句的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)。字句的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)。2）“把把”字句的一些常見(jiàn)英譯法。字句的一些常見(jiàn)英譯法。2.教學(xué)重點(diǎn)及難點(diǎn)：教學(xué)重點(diǎn)及難點(diǎn)：區(qū)分區(qū)分“把把”字的不同含義和結(jié)構(gòu)，選擇字

10、的不同含義和結(jié)構(gòu)，選擇不同的譯法。不同的譯法。請(qǐng)翻譯以下句子：請(qǐng)翻譯以下句子：1.今天是什么風(fēng)把你吹來(lái)了？今天是什么風(fēng)把你吹來(lái)了？ 2.A friend of mine has had his house painted recently.3.In order to keep this talented young man, the boss doubled his salary。 1.今天是什么風(fēng)把你吹來(lái)了？今天是什么風(fēng)把你吹來(lái)了？What brings you here today?2.A friend of mine has had his house painted recently.

11、我的一位朋友最近油漆過(guò)他的房子了。我的一位朋友最近油漆過(guò)他的房子了。我的一位朋友最近把他的房子油漆過(guò)了。我的一位朋友最近把他的房子油漆過(guò)了。我的一位朋友最近叫人油漆過(guò)他的房子了。我的一位朋友最近叫人油漆過(guò)他的房子了。我的一位朋友最近叫人把他房子油漆過(guò)了。我的一位朋友最近叫人把他房子油漆過(guò)了。我的一位朋友最近油漆過(guò)他的房子了。我的一位朋友最近油漆過(guò)他的房子了。我的一位朋友最近我的一位朋友最近把把他的房子油漆過(guò)了。他的房子油漆過(guò)了。A friend of mine has painted his house recently.Cf. A friend of mine has had his hou

12、se painted recently.我的一位朋友最近我的一位朋友最近叫人叫人把把他房子油漆過(guò)了。他房子油漆過(guò)了。漢語(yǔ)的漢語(yǔ)的“把把”字句字句，在結(jié)構(gòu)上用特殊介詞在結(jié)構(gòu)上用特殊介詞“把把”字將字將賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)引出，引出，放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前而構(gòu)成放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前而構(gòu)成一種漢語(yǔ)特有的一種漢語(yǔ)特有的句型句型?！鞍寻选弊志渥志渲挥糜谥鲃?dòng)句只用于主動(dòng)句，目的是目的是將賓語(yǔ)提前以將賓語(yǔ)提前以突出賓語(yǔ)突出賓語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)之后的，賓語(yǔ)之后的主要?jiǎng)釉~必須是及物動(dòng)詞主要?jiǎng)釉~必須是及物動(dòng)詞，并且并且不能另有賓語(yǔ)不能另有賓語(yǔ)（能帶雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞除外能帶雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞除外）。）。含有含有“處置處置”意義的意義的“把把”字句：字句：

13、“動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+補(bǔ)語(yǔ)”常用“to have sb/sth done”例：例：他每天把他每天把自己自己關(guān)在房子里看書(shū)。關(guān)在房子里看書(shū)。He has himself locked in the room every day, reading books.漢語(yǔ)漢語(yǔ)“把把”字句的英譯時(shí)，應(yīng)根據(jù)其不同的意義、作字句的英譯時(shí)，應(yīng)根據(jù)其不同的意義、作用和結(jié)構(gòu)，選擇不同的譯法用和結(jié)構(gòu)，選擇不同的譯法：“把把”字句的譯法：字句的譯法：表示表示“處置處置”的的“把把”字句還可用英字句還可用英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)“動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)+介詞短語(yǔ)介詞短語(yǔ)”的結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)的結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)翻譯。翻譯。如：如：她把書(shū)擺放在桌子上。她把書(shū)擺放在桌子上。She

14、 placed the books on the desk.他他把把pace寫(xiě)成了寫(xiě)成了place。He wrote pace into place. 為了實(shí)現(xiàn)武漢長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)，武漢市政府把科技放在首要位置，以提高科技水平，加強(qiáng)經(jīng)濟(jì)力量。 To fulfill the long-range strategic goal in the development of Wuhan, the municipal government puts science and technology in the first place in order to raise the scientific lev

15、el and strengthen the economic power. “動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+介詞短語(yǔ)” 2.含有含有“致使致使”意義的意義的“把把”字句：字句：這種類(lèi)型的“把”字句后面常接“累”、“忙”、“氣”、“急”、“嚇”、“熱”、“感動(dòng)”等從詞，翻譯時(shí)通常被轉(zhuǎn)化成英語(yǔ)中含“致使”意義的動(dòng)詞。如： 這天氣這天氣把把人人熱得熱得坐不住。坐不住。 The heat of weather makes one unable to sit still. 他把那小女孩嚇得嚇得哭了起來(lái)。 He scared the little girl to tears. 3. 表示表示“把把A當(dāng)當(dāng)B”的的“把把”字句

16、：字句：該句型中的“當(dāng)”可以表示“當(dāng)做”、“作為”、“說(shuō)成”、“看做”或“誤做”等概念，在翻譯的時(shí)候通常采用英語(yǔ)的“動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+as (for)短語(yǔ)”的句型。如：他把王先生錯(cuò)當(dāng)成他爸爸。他把王先生錯(cuò)當(dāng)成他爸爸。He mistook Mr Wang for his father.我是把那件事當(dāng)作自已的事情來(lái)做的。我是把那件事當(dāng)作自已的事情來(lái)做的。I considered the matter as my own business.4.4.含祁使意味的含祁使意味的“把把”字句：字句：當(dāng)“把”字位于無(wú)主句的句首時(shí)，有些含有祈使句的意味。英譯時(shí), 通常將“把”字句轉(zhuǎn)化成英語(yǔ)的祈使句。如： 請(qǐng)把詞典遞給

17、我。請(qǐng)把詞典遞給我。Please pass me the dictionary.請(qǐng)把門(mén)打開(kāi)。請(qǐng)把門(mén)打開(kāi)。Please open the door. 把耳機(jī)插頭插入耳機(jī)插孔后就能切斷機(jī)內(nèi)喇叭，供個(gè)人收聽(tīng)，不致干擾別人。 Insert the earphone plug into the socket, and the built-in loudspeaker would be automatically switched off for a single person to listen without bothering others. 5. 5. 將將“把把”字句翻譯成英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)句：字句翻譯成

18、英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)句：漢語(yǔ)的“把”字句有時(shí)還可以根據(jù)英語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣譯成英語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)句。如：風(fēng)把樹(shù)給刮倒了。The tree was blown down by the wind.他的熱情把我感動(dòng)得流下眼淚。I was moved to tears by his enthusiasm. 把這些物資盡快送到地震災(zāi)區(qū)是非常緊急的任務(wù)。 It is a matter of great urgency that the supplies should be dispatched to the earthquake-stricken area as soon as possible. 6. 帶有雙賓語(yǔ)的帶有雙賓語(yǔ)的“

19、把把”字：字：通常譯法“動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)”或者是“動(dòng)詞+直接賓語(yǔ)+to+間接賓語(yǔ)”的結(jié)構(gòu)，后者多半是因?yàn)殚g接賓語(yǔ)前有修飾成分。我把自行車(chē)借給了他。我把自行車(chē)借給了他。I lent him the bicycle. I lent the bicycle to him.他們把消息告訴了他們把消息告訴了他們所有遇到的他們所有遇到的每一個(gè)人。每一個(gè)人。They told the news to everybody they met.7. 根據(jù)英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣靈活處理根據(jù)英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣靈活處理“把把”字句字句 ：英譯時(shí)，除了上述幾種翻譯途徑外，在某些時(shí)候，我們還必須根據(jù)英語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣來(lái)選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)谋磉_(dá)方式，有時(shí)

20、根本不用考慮“把” 字結(jié)構(gòu)在原文中的意義。如： 還真把他沒(méi)辦法。 He is really a tough person to cope with. 母親因?yàn)槲姨訉W(xué)把我訓(xùn)了一頓。 Mother gave me a dressing down for playing truant.真把我餓死了! Im nearly starved to death! 你最好在月底之前把這臺(tái)機(jī)器修好。 You had better have this machine repaired by the end of this month. 由于武漢的地理位置優(yōu)越，它把周?chē)貐^(qū)緊密地聯(lián)系起來(lái)了。 Because of

21、its favorable geographical position, Wuhan connects itself closely with its surrounding areas. 把電源插頭插入220V交流電源插座，將電源開(kāi)關(guān)按下。 Connect the main plug to AC 220V socket and push power switch to turn on the receiver. PRACTICE二、漢語(yǔ)中的虛詞 （1）副詞類(lèi)虛詞 1. 便：“立刻，馬上”，與“就”大體上相同。 這幾天不是刮風(fēng)便是下雨。 During the last few days, if

22、 it was not blowing, then it was raining. 太陽(yáng)一出來(lái)我們便上山去。 We will climb the mountain the moment (as soon as) the sun comes out. 2. 頓時(shí)：“立刻，一下子” 喜訊傳來(lái)，人民頓時(shí)歡呼起來(lái)。 People broke into cheers as soon as they heard the good news. 演出結(jié)束，全場(chǎng)頓時(shí)響起了一陣掌聲。 The audience broke out into a burst of applause immediately after

23、 the performance. 3. 剛好：表示時(shí)間“恰好，正好” 你來(lái)得剛好，舞會(huì)馬上就要開(kāi)始。 Youve come just in time. The party will begin in a minute. 他們兩個(gè)剛好編在一個(gè)組里。 The two of them happen to be in the same group. 4. 老（老是）：“一直，經(jīng)常” 你老是這么干。 You do it all the time. 他老是跟我過(guò)不去。 Hes always making things difficult for me. 5. 碰巧（偏好）：“湊巧，恰巧” 他妹妹結(jié)婚時(shí)，

24、他碰巧在美國(guó)。 It so happened that he was in the United States when his sister got married. 他正缺錢(qián)用的時(shí)候，碰巧找到一份工作。 As luck would have it, he got a job when he was in difficulties. （2）介詞類(lèi)虛詞 1. 乘（趁）：“就著，利用”意思，表示時(shí)間。 我軍乘虛而入。 Our forces broke through the enemys blockade at its weak point. 你應(yīng)該趁機(jī)為我美言幾句。 You should ta

25、ke advantage of putting a good word for me. 2. 本著：“按照，根據(jù)”表示遵循某種準(zhǔn)則行事。本著友好的愿望，雙方達(dá)成了協(xié)議。 With the desire to promote friendship on both sides, they reached an agreement. 兩個(gè)企業(yè)本著互利的原則進(jìn)行貿(mào)易。 The two enterprises do business with each other on the basis of mutual benefit. 3. 基于：“根據(jù)” 基于目前的情況，我們不得不修改原來(lái)的計(jì)劃。 In vi

26、ew of the present situation, well have to revise our original plan. 基于局勢(shì)日益緊張，我們決定采取必要的措施。 Seeing that the situation is becoming more and more strained, we must adopt necessary measures. 4. 由：表示來(lái)源，憑借或方式。 水由氫和氧化合而成。 Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen. 你最好由淺入深地向他們解釋這個(gè)問(wèn)題。 Youd better proceed from

27、the easy to the difficult when youre explaining the problem to them. （3）連此類(lèi)虛詞 1. 譬如 譬如南方人傾向吃較多的米飯，而北方人則吃較多的面。 For example, the people in the South tend to eat more rice, while the northern people ear more noodles. 許多偉人從貧困中崛起，譬如林肯。 Many great men have risen from povertyLincoln, for instance. 2. 要么：“或

28、者” 要么給他發(fā)個(gè)電報(bào)，要么掛個(gè)長(zhǎng)途也行。 Send him a telegram at once, or call him long-distance. 你要么自己來(lái)，要么就托人辦理這件事。 Either you come in person, or you entrust someone with the matter. 3. 非但：“不但” 他非但自己干得好，還肯幫助別人。 He not only does his own work well, but also is ready to help others. 非但學(xué)生答不出，連老師也打不出。 Not only the students

29、 could not answer, the teacher did not know the answer. 4. 再說(shuō)：“而且，并且，況且” 現(xiàn)在去找他太晚了，再說(shuō)我路也不熟。 Its too late to go and see him now. Besides, I dont quite know the way. 時(shí)間已經(jīng)不早了，再說(shuō)你身體又不好，該休息了。 Its late now. Whats more, you are not in good health. So its time for you to have a rest. 5. 隨便：“無(wú)論，不管” 隨便你什么時(shí)候來(lái)都行

30、。 Come any time you like. 隨便他來(lái)不來(lái)，我們?nèi)园丛?jì)劃進(jìn)行。 Whether he will come or not, we will go on with our plan. （4）助詞類(lèi)虛詞 1. 罷了 這沒(méi)什么，我只不過(guò)做了我應(yīng)該做的事情罷了。 Its nothing. Ive only done what I ought to do. 他粗魯?shù)挂擦T了，我就恨他不誠(chéng)實(shí)。 I dont mind his rudeness, but I just hate his dishonesty. 2. 開(kāi)外：“出頭，多，以外” 我們不接受七十開(kāi)外的老人。 We dont accept the old people above the age of seventy. 漫天大霧，五步開(kāi)外，什么都看不見(jiàn)。 A dense fog obscured everything beyond a distance of