建筑電氣外文文獻(xiàn)

1、提高個(gè)人的生活質(zhì)量，通過(guò)他們的智能家居 該項(xiàng)目的假設(shè)是：可以增加一個(gè)人的生活質(zhì)量的“智能技術(shù)”集成到他們的家庭環(huán)境。這個(gè)假設(shè)是非常廣泛的，因此，研究人員將調(diào)查它考慮到多方面的，潛在的過(guò)度研磨，分節(jié)的人口。特別是，該項(xiàng)目將重點(diǎn)放在與衛(wèi)生保健需求的環(huán)節(jié)，因?yàn)樗J(rèn)為，這些子章節(jié)將獲得最大的受益于這種增強(qiáng)的方法住房。兩個(gè)研究問(wèn)題流從這一假說(shuō)：什么是保健，可以改善通過(guò)“智能住宅”的問(wèn)題，什么是技術(shù)問(wèn)題需要解決，讓“智能住宅”建造？雖然存在少量的措施，在加拿大境外，據(jù)稱(chēng)這方面的調(diào)查，沒(méi)有這方面的全球視野。工作往往是在小范圍內(nèi)的各個(gè)部分是如何有助于實(shí)現(xiàn)更大的目標(biāo)只有有限的想法。這個(gè)項(xiàng)目有一個(gè)非常強(qiáng)烈的責(zé)任感

2、，并認(rèn)為，如果沒(méi)有這一全球性的方向，其他措施將失敗，以解決各部分的重要問(wèn)題，而且正確的全局方向的總和的部分會(huì)產(chǎn)生更大的回報(bào)比的各個(gè)組成部分。這個(gè)新的領(lǐng)域與業(yè)務(wù)流程工程領(lǐng)域，有許多相似之處，很多產(chǎn)品失敗的原因只考慮一個(gè)子集的問(wèn)題，通常是技術(shù)的子集。成功的項(xiàng)目和實(shí)施才開(kāi)始啟動(dòng)，當(dāng)人們開(kāi)始認(rèn)識(shí)到，一個(gè)全面的方法是至關(guān)重要的。這種整體性的要求也適用于領(lǐng)域的“聰明屋”，如果我們真的希望它有利益于社區(qū)，而不僅僅是技術(shù)的興趣。話雖如此，下面列出的大部分工作是非常重要的，在其個(gè)人的主題包含了大量新奇的。 醫(yī)療保健和保障性住房： 至目前為止，很少有人協(xié)調(diào)，研究如何“聰明屋”的技術(shù)可以幫助體弱的老人留在家里，或降

3、低成本所經(jīng)歷的非正式照顧者。因此，建議研究的目的是確定幫助老年人保持自己的獨(dú)立性和幫助照顧者維持他們的愛(ài)心活動(dòng)中的各種住宅技術(shù)的實(shí)用性。 整體設(shè)計(jì)的研究是集中在兩個(gè)群體的老年人。首先是老人出院急性護(hù)理環(huán)境的潛在能力下降，保持獨(dú)立。一個(gè)例子是有髖關(guān)節(jié)置換手術(shù)的老年人。本集團(tuán)可能會(huì)受益于技術(shù)，這將有助于他們成為適應(yīng)他們的行動(dòng)不便。第二個(gè)是老年人有慢性健康問(wèn)題，如老年癡呆癥和接受援助的非正式護(hù)理員的生活在距離。關(guān)心的高級(jí)生活的距離是非正式照顧者在照顧者的職業(yè)倦怠的高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。監(jiān)測(cè)的關(guān)心，高級(jí)健康和安全是通過(guò)這樣照顧者的重要任務(wù)之一。如地面?zhèn)鞲衅骱驮L問(wèn)控制來(lái)確保安全的入侵者或指示私奔與老年癡呆癥的高級(jí)設(shè)備

4、，可以減少護(hù)理員的時(shí)間花在上下班的高級(jí)監(jiān)控。 對(duì)于這兩種樣品，試驗(yàn)將包括長(zhǎng)時(shí)間內(nèi)的“聰明屋”的居住。急性護(hù)理醫(yī)院出院急性護(hù)理的老年人。這些老年人照顧的非正式照顧者的距離可以招募老年癡呆癥診斷診所或通過(guò)請(qǐng)求照顧者喘息的機(jī)會(huì)。 數(shù)量有限的臨床和醫(yī)療服務(wù)研究已進(jìn)行了復(fù)雜的健康問(wèn)題，在老年人中控制的環(huán)境中，如為代表的“智能家居”。例如，它被稱(chēng)為夜視老人是可憐的，但很少有有關(guān)醒來(lái)后照明或夜間活動(dòng)的最佳水平。跌倒是老年人的一個(gè)主要問(wèn)題，它導(dǎo)致受傷，殘疾和額外的醫(yī)療費(fèi)用。對(duì)于那些癡呆的疾病，安全的關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題是在性能日常生活活動(dòng)（ADL）。至關(guān)重要的是，我們能夠監(jiān)控病人會(huì)下降，在ADL?；颊吆驼疹櫿叩幕顒?dòng)進(jìn)行監(jiān)

5、測(cè)和數(shù)據(jù)將被收集在下列情況下。 項(xiàng)目將集中于亞人群，以收集科學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)，其條件和技術(shù)的影響，在他們的生活方式。例如： 穩(wěn)定的慢性中風(fēng)后的殘疾和他們的照顧者的人：研究?jī)?yōu)化模型，對(duì)于此類(lèi)患者（這些患者可能有疏忽，偏癱，失語(yǔ)和判斷問(wèn)題）的各種傳感器的類(lèi)型和位置，在行走運(yùn)動(dòng)的發(fā)展模式研究，使用輪椅或拐杖上各種不同類(lèi)型的地板材料，研究照顧者支持監(jiān)測(cè)頻率和位置的瀑布;智能家電，以評(píng)估的價(jià)值為中風(fēng)病人及照顧者對(duì)信息進(jìn)行評(píng)估，并通過(guò)電子醫(yī)療技術(shù);通信技術(shù)促進(jìn)遠(yuǎn)程家庭護(hù)理評(píng)估技術(shù)接口，用于遠(yuǎn)程家庭護(hù)理的工作人員和客戶的各種照明部分的房子，以評(píng)估最有效的方法，修改或開(kāi)發(fā)新技術(shù)，以提高舒適性和便利性中風(fēng)患者和照顧者，以

6、評(píng)估值的監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)，協(xié)助照顧者。 人與阿爾茨海默氏病和他們的照顧者：通過(guò)智能房子陌生的環(huán)境的影響，以評(píng)估他們的能力，以進(jìn)行自我保健和沒(méi)有提示的情況下，評(píng)估他們的能力，以使用不熟悉的設(shè)備中的智能房子，以評(píng)估和監(jiān)測(cè)人與阿爾茨海默氏癥的運(yùn)動(dòng)方式，評(píng)估和監(jiān)控跌倒或徘徊;評(píng)估的類(lèi)型和型號(hào)的傳感器，以監(jiān)測(cè)患者的效果進(jìn)行評(píng)估，墻面的顏色為病人和照顧者適當(dāng)?shù)恼彰鳎栽u(píng)估值。 普適計(jì)算技術(shù)： 無(wú)處不在的計(jì)算基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施被視為在家里的“智能”的骨干。在與無(wú)處不在的計(jì)算系統(tǒng)，這個(gè)系統(tǒng)的主要組成部分是：陣列傳感器，通信基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和軟件控制（基于軟件代理）基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。同樣，它被認(rèn)為是必要的，從整體上研究這個(gè)話題。傳感器設(shè)計(jì)：在這

7、里研究的重點(diǎn)將是發(fā)展的（微型）傳感器和傳感器陣列使用智能材料，如：壓電材料，磁致伸縮材料和形狀記憶合金（形狀記憶合金）。特別是，形狀記憶合金是一類(lèi)智能材料，是有吸引力的用于感測(cè)和致動(dòng)的應(yīng)用，主要是因?yàn)樗鼈兊漠惓８叩墓ぷ鬏敵?體積比相比，智能材料的形狀記憶合金進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)臋C(jī)械和熱負(fù)荷的制度時(shí)，經(jīng)過(guò)固固相變，導(dǎo)致在一個(gè)宏觀的尺寸和形狀的變化，這種變化是通過(guò)反轉(zhuǎn)的熱機(jī)械加載收回，并且被稱(chēng)為一個(gè)單向形狀記憶的效果。由于這種材料的功能，形狀記憶合金可以用來(lái)作為一個(gè)傳感器和致動(dòng)器。一個(gè)非常最近的發(fā)展是努力，將形狀記憶合金在微機(jī)電系統(tǒng)（MEMS）等，這些材料可以使用作為微傳感器和致動(dòng)器的組成部分。 MEMS領(lǐng)

8、域的活動(dòng)，其中一些技術(shù)已經(jīng)足夠成熟，可能的商業(yè)應(yīng)用出現(xiàn)。一些例子是微化學(xué)分析儀，濕度和壓力傳感器，MEMS流量控制，合成射流激勵(lì)器和光學(xué)MEMS（下一代互聯(lián)網(wǎng)）。將形狀記憶合金在MEMS研究界是一個(gè)相對(duì)較新的努力，據(jù)我們所知，只有一組（格雷格卡門(mén)教授，機(jī)械工程，美國(guó)加州大學(xué)洛杉磯分校）已經(jīng)成功地演示了動(dòng)態(tài)特性，基于SMA- MEMS。在這里，重點(diǎn)將是利用傳感和驅(qū)動(dòng)功能的智能材料設(shè)計(jì)和制造有用的和經(jīng)濟(jì)上可行的微型傳感器和執(zhí)行器。 通訊：“智能屋”的建設(shè)和使用提供了廣泛的機(jī)會(huì)，以家庭為基礎(chǔ)的無(wú)線和有線通信服務(wù)來(lái)分析和驗(yàn)證。雖然其中一些已經(jīng)廣泛地探討，許多問(wèn)題已經(jīng)得到很少或根本沒(méi)有注意。建議探討以下

9、問(wèn)題：測(cè)量的信道統(tǒng)計(jì)在住宅環(huán)境：室內(nèi)無(wú)線信道統(tǒng)計(jì)的知識(shí)是至關(guān)重要的，使高效率的發(fā)射器和接收器的設(shè)計(jì)，以及確定適當(dāng)水平的信號(hào)功率，數(shù)據(jù)傳輸速率，調(diào)制技術(shù)，差錯(cuò)控制碼的的無(wú)線鏈路。干擾，信道失真，頻譜限制，產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果為殘疾人（輪椅的設(shè)備，四站，監(jiān)控設(shè)備等）特別感興趣。 增強(qiáng)室內(nèi)無(wú)線通信天線的設(shè)計(jì)，分析和驗(yàn)證。室內(nèi)無(wú)線通信的需要結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，堅(jiān)固耐用的天線。新的天線設(shè)計(jì)，優(yōu)化所需的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸速率，工作頻率和空間的要求，可以考慮。 最近已經(jīng)商業(yè)化的驗(yàn)證和分析的室內(nèi)無(wú)線網(wǎng)絡(luò)：無(wú)線網(wǎng)絡(luò)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，家庭自動(dòng)化操作。整合這些系統(tǒng)的智能家居中的一個(gè)或多個(gè)提供的機(jī)會(huì)，以驗(yàn)證這些系統(tǒng)的操作，檢查其局限性，并確定是否過(guò)度設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

10、，以滿足一般的需求。有效的通信線路計(jì)劃確定為“智能家居”：存在有線和無(wú)線基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的性能/成本權(quán)衡。不同的無(wú)線網(wǎng)絡(luò)配置的測(cè)量和分析，以便確定適當(dāng)?shù)木W(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)計(jì)。代價(jià)較大規(guī)模的通信系統(tǒng)：室內(nèi)無(wú)線網(wǎng)絡(luò)的室內(nèi)通信系統(tǒng)的協(xié)調(diào)是當(dāng)?shù)氐淖∷浇４嬖诟鼜V泛的大規(guī)模網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如蜂窩式電話網(wǎng)絡(luò)，固定無(wú)線網(wǎng)絡(luò)，和基于衛(wèi)星的通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)。保健監(jiān)測(cè)的目的，這些服務(wù)之間的相容性的可行性和實(shí)用性，老年癡呆癥患者的跟蹤，等需要考慮。 軟件代理和他們的工程：嵌入式代理可以被認(rèn)為是相當(dāng)于提供一個(gè)友好的專(zhuān)家與產(chǎn)品。嵌入式代理智能建筑帶來(lái)許多的挑戰(zhàn)，無(wú)論是在水平的設(shè)計(jì)方法以及詳細(xì)的實(shí)施。在這方面的項(xiàng)目將包括： 人類(lèi)居住環(huán)境的大型智能體系統(tǒng)的架

11、構(gòu)：住宅長(zhǎng)期護(hù)理的環(huán)境中成功部署代理技術(shù)需要新的架構(gòu)，這些系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)。一個(gè)合適的架構(gòu)應(yīng)該是簡(jiǎn)單而靈活地提供實(shí)時(shí)有效的代理操作。同時(shí)，它應(yīng)該是分層的剛性，以允許執(zhí)行的規(guī)則和限制，確保的居民建筑系統(tǒng)的安全。必須解決這些矛盾的要求，通過(guò)設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)新的架構(gòu)，將系統(tǒng)中的所有代理共享。 強(qiáng)大的決策和控制結(jié)構(gòu)，學(xué)習(xí)代理：實(shí)現(xiàn)終身學(xué)習(xí)的能力，代理商需要配備強(qiáng)大的機(jī)制，學(xué)習(xí)和適應(yīng)。隔離使用一些傳統(tǒng)的學(xué)習(xí)系統(tǒng)是不可能的，因?yàn)檫@些藥物的高預(yù)期壽命。我們要發(fā)展的幾個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)和表現(xiàn)方法，在一個(gè)新興的時(shí)尚相結(jié)合的混合式學(xué)習(xí)系統(tǒng)。這樣的系統(tǒng)會(huì)采用不同的方法，根據(jù)自己的成熟度和量的變化，以適應(yīng)新的情況或?qū)W習(xí)新的行為。為了應(yīng)付高層次

12、的不確定性從這些來(lái)源不可預(yù)測(cè)的人類(lèi)用戶的互動(dòng)，強(qiáng)大的行為將被設(shè)計(jì)和實(shí)施能夠處理不同類(lèi)型的不確定性（如概率和模糊不確定性）采用了先進(jìn)的技術(shù)，感覺(jué)和數(shù)據(jù)基于計(jì)算智能技術(shù)的融合和推理機(jī)制。 自動(dòng)建?，F(xiàn)實(shí)世界的對(duì)象，包括個(gè)別住戶：這個(gè)問(wèn)題在這里是：“定位和提取”的個(gè)性和習(xí)慣一個(gè)人的代表性是至關(guān)重要的信息;系統(tǒng)是“遵循和采用”個(gè)人的情緒和行為的發(fā)展?；跀?shù)據(jù)挖掘和進(jìn)化的技術(shù)，解決方案，將利用：（1）聚類(lèi)方法，分類(lèi)的樹(shù)木和關(guān)聯(lián)發(fā)現(xiàn)重要的不同屬性之間的關(guān)系屬于個(gè)人的各種功能的分類(lèi)和分區(qū)技術(shù)，這是一個(gè)基本要素在尋找一個(gè)人的行為模式，和（2）神經(jīng)模糊和以規(guī)則為基礎(chǔ)的系統(tǒng)，用于個(gè)人的特性發(fā)展模式的學(xué)習(xí)和適應(yīng)能力，

13、這是必要的估計(jì)和預(yù)測(cè)的潛在活動(dòng)和遠(yuǎn)期規(guī)劃。 調(diào)查的框架普適計(jì)算的特點(diǎn)：考慮分布式和基于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的系統(tǒng)，這也許是最常見(jiàn)的，無(wú)處不在的計(jì)算，最大的影響是不特定的軟件工程過(guò)程，但是從現(xiàn)有的軟件框架或工具包“，這讓在這些領(lǐng)域的許多系統(tǒng)的快速建設(shè)和部署。因此，它提出的“聰明屋”無(wú)處不在的計(jì)算基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的建設(shè)也應(yīng)利用作為一個(gè)軟件工程的研究。研究人員將首先參觀一些真正的無(wú)處不在的計(jì)算系統(tǒng)中存在的今天，試圖建立一個(gè)初始圖片的功能的框架。 （這種方法有明顯的相似之處伽瑪?shù)姆椒?，約翰遜和Vlissides部署他們的開(kāi)創(chuàng)性工作，“設(shè)計(jì)模式”。不幸的是，在他們的工作相比，這里的樣本量將是非常小的，因此，額外的工作將需要可

14、靠的答案。）初步框架，隨后將作為智能家居的軟件系統(tǒng)的基礎(chǔ)上。毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，這個(gè)初步框架將大幅進(jìn)化的系統(tǒng)建設(shè)過(guò)程中，無(wú)處不在的計(jì)算環(huán)境的要求展開(kāi)。它被認(rèn)為是一個(gè)真正有用的和可靠的神器，體系建設(shè)等密切參與是一個(gè)必要的組成部分。施工階段的末尾，預(yù)計(jì)將產(chǎn)生一個(gè)穩(wěn)定的框架，它可以表明，大量的基本特征（或圖案）已發(fā)現(xiàn)的普適計(jì)算。 無(wú)處不在的計(jì)算問(wèn)題的確認(rèn)和驗(yàn)證（VV）：希望調(diào)查確認(rèn)和驗(yàn)證（VV）普適計(jì)算的問(wèn)題，房子會(huì)提供一個(gè)測(cè)試床。房子將被用作評(píng)估車(chē)輛，以確定哪些VV技術(shù)，工具或方法，如果沒(méi)有，在此環(huán)境中是有用的。此外，計(jì)劃提供給全世界的研究人員使用這種車(chē)輛的增加，使這個(gè)試驗(yàn)設(shè)施。長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看，預(yù)計(jì)這種基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施所

15、提供的設(shè)施，將演變成一個(gè)國(guó)際公認(rèn)的“標(biāo)桿”的網(wǎng)站VV活動(dòng)中無(wú)處不在的計(jì)算。 其他技術(shù)領(lǐng)域： 該項(xiàng)目還計(jì)劃調(diào)查了一些其他領(lǐng)域，如照明系統(tǒng)，安防系統(tǒng)，加熱，通風(fēng)和空調(diào)等，例如，能源效率方面，該項(xiàng)目目前預(yù)計(jì)承擔(dān)的兩項(xiàng)研究： 測(cè)定絕緣百葉窗的效果：外部絕緣百葉窗隨著時(shí)間的推移是無(wú)效的，因?yàn)槊芊鈫?wèn)題。室內(nèi)百葉窗是優(yōu)越的，可以用來(lái)幫助減少熱量的損失。然而，它們的移動(dòng)和定位，需要適當(dāng)?shù)目刂?，以防止由于熱沖擊的窗口破損。開(kāi)啟或關(guān)閉周期的啟動(dòng)，將測(cè)得的外部光線水平的基礎(chǔ)上，目前的內(nèi)部加熱水平;當(dāng)前和預(yù)期的使用由現(xiàn)有居民的房子，等等。 替代能源發(fā)電的能源使用模式的比較可以很容易地通過(guò)檢測(cè)每個(gè)設(shè)備監(jiān)控。天然氣和電力

16、的主要能源供應(yīng)是自然的選擇。熱空間和溫水中的燃料的化學(xué)能的轉(zhuǎn)換可以通過(guò)常規(guī)方法進(jìn)行，或通過(guò)使用的Volvo Penta系統(tǒng)的總能量系統(tǒng)，如：有了這個(gè)系統(tǒng)中，燃料被用于功率小的內(nèi)燃機(jī)，這反過(guò)來(lái)又驅(qū)動(dòng)一臺(tái)發(fā)電機(jī)，用于電能生產(chǎn)。從冷卻劑和排氣的余熱被用來(lái)加熱水供國(guó)內(nèi)使用和空間加熱。多余的電力反饋到電網(wǎng)，或儲(chǔ)存在蓄電池中。在未來(lái)某一日期，計(jì)劃替代燃料電池的總能量系統(tǒng)允許的直接比較兩個(gè)先進(jìn)的系統(tǒng)性能。Increasing an individuals quality of life via their intelligent homeThe hypothesis of this project is:

17、can an individuals quality of life be increased by integrating “intelligent technology” into their home environment. This hypothesis is very broad, and hence the researchers will investigate it with regard to various, potentially over-lapping, sub-sections of the population. In particular, the proje

18、ct will focus on sub-sections with health-care needs, because it is believed that these sub-sections will receive the greatest benefit from this enhanced approach to housing. Two research questions flow from this hypothesis: what are the health-care issues that could be improved via “intelligent hou

19、sing”, and what are the technological issues needing to be solved to allow “intelligent housing” to be constructed? While a small number of initiatives exist, outside Canada, which claim to investigate this area, none has the global vision of this area. Work tends to be in small areas with only a li

20、mited idea of how the individual pieces contribute towards a greater goal. This project has a very strong sense of what it is trying to attempt, and believes that without this global direction the other initiatives will fail to address the large important issues described within various parts of thi

21、s proposal, and that with the correct global direction the sum of the parts will produce much greater rewards than the individual components. This new field has many parallels with the field of business process engineering, where many products fail due to only considering a sub-set of the issues, ty

22、pically the technology subset. Successful projects and implementations only started flow when people started to realize that a holistic approach was essential. This holistic requirement also applies to the field of “smart housing”; if we genuinely want it to have benefit to the community rather than

23、 just technological interest. Having said this, much of the work outlined below is extremely important and contains a great deal of novelty within their individual topics. Health-Care and Supportive housing：To date, there has been little coordinated research on how “smart house” technologies can ass

24、ist frail seniors in remaining at home, and/or reduce the costs experienced by their informal caregivers. Thus, the purpose of the proposed research is to determine the usefulness of a variety of residential technologies in helping seniors maintain their independence and in helping caregivers sustai

25、n their caring activities.The overall design of the research is to focus on two groups of seniors. The first is seniors who are being discharged from an acute care setting with the potential for reduced ability to remain independent. An example is seniors who have had hip replacement surgery. This g

26、roup may benefit from technologies that would help them become adapted to their reduced mobility. The second is seniors who have a chronic health problem such as dementia and who are receiving assistance from an informal caregiver living at a distance. Informal caregivers living at a distance from t

27、he cared-for senior are at high risk of caregiver burnout. Monitoring the cared-for senior for health and safety is one of the important tasks done by such caregivers. Devices such as floor sensors (to determine whether the senior has fallen) and access controls to ensure safety from intruders or to

28、 indicate elopement by a senior with dementia could reduce caregiver time spent commuting to monitor the senior.For both samples, trials would consist of extended periods of residence within the smart house. Samples of seniors being discharged from acute care would be recruited from acute care hospi

29、tals. Samples of seniors being cared for by informal caregivers at a distance could be recruited through dementia diagnosis clinics or through request from caregivers for respite. Limited amounts of clinical and health service research has been conducted upon seniors (with complex health problems) i

30、n controlled environments such as that represented by the “smart house”. For example, it is known that night vision of the aged is poor but there is very little information regarding the optimum level of lighting after wakening or for night activities. Falling is a major issue for older persons; and

31、 it results in injuries, disabilities and additional health care costs. For those with dementing illnesses, safety is the key issue during performance of the activities of daily living (ADL). It is vital for us to be able to monitor where patients would fall during ADL. Patients and caregivers activ

32、ities would be monitored and data will be collected in the following conditions.Projects would concentrate on sub-populations, with a view to collecting scientific data about their conditions and the impact of technology upon their life styles. For example: -Persons with stable chronic disability fo

33、llowing a stroke and their caregivers: to research optimum models, types and location of various sensors for such patients (these patients may have neglect, hemiplegia, aphasia and judgment problems); to research pattern of movements during the ambulation, use of wheel chairs or canes on various typ

34、e of floor material; to research caregivers support through e-health technology; to monitor frequencies and location of the falls; to evaluate the value of smart appliances for stroke patients and caregivers; to evaluate information and communication technology set up for Tele-homecare; to evaluate

35、technology interface for Tele-homecare staff and clients; to evaluate the most effective way of lighting the various part of the house; to modify or develop new technology to enhance comfort and convenience of stroke patients and caregivers; to evaluate the value of surveillance systems in assisting

36、 caregivers.- Persons with Alzheimers disease and their caregivers: to evaluate the effect of smart house (unfamiliar environment) on their ability to conduct self-care with and without prompting; to evaluate their ability to use unfamiliar equipment in the smart house; to evaluate and monitor perso

37、ns with Alzheimers disease movement pattern; to evaluate and monitor falls or wandering; to evaluate the type and model of sensors to monitor patients; to evaluate the effect of wall color for patients and care givers; to evaluate the value of proper lighting.Technology - Ubiquitous Computing：The ub

38、iquitous computing infrastructure is viewed as the backbone of the “intelligence” within the house. In common with all ubiquitous computing systems, the primary components with this system will be: the array of sensors, the communication infrastructure and the software control (based upon software a

39、gents) infrastructure. Again, it is considered essential that this topic is investigated holistically.Sensor design: The focus of research here will be development of (micro)-sensors and sensor arrays using smart materials, e.g. piezoelectric materials, magneto strictive materials and shape memory a

40、lloys (SMAs). In particular, SMAs are a class of smart materials that are attractive candidates for sensing and actuating applications primarily because of their extraordinarily high work output/volume ratio compared to other smart materials. SMAs undergo a solid-solid phase transformation when subj

41、ected to an appropriate regime of mechanical and thermal load, resulting in a macroscopic change in dimensions and shape; this change is recoverable by reversing the thermo mechanical loading and is known as a one-way shape memory effect. Due to this material feature, SMAs can be used as both a sens

42、or and an actuator. A very recent development is an effort to incorporate SMAs in micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) so that these materials can be used as integral parts of micro-sensors and actuators. MEMS are an area of activity where some of the technology is mature enough for possible comme

43、rcial applications to emerge. Some examples are micro-chemical analyzers, humidity and pressure sensors, MEMS for flow control, synthetic jet actuators and optical MEMS (for the next generation internet). Incorporating SMAs in MEMS is a relatively new effort in the research community; to the best of

44、 our knowledge, only one group (Prof. Greg Carman, Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles) has successfully demonstrated the dynamic properties of SMA-based MEMS. Here, the focus will be to harness the sensing and actuation capabilities of smart materials to design and fabrica

45、te useful and economically viable micro-sensors and actuators. Communications: Construction and use of an “intelligent house” offers extensive opportunities to analyze and verify the operation of wireless and wired home-based communication services. While some of these are already widely explored, m

46、any of the issues have received little or no attention. It is proposed to investigate the following issues: - Measurement of channel statistics in a residential environment: knowledge of the indoor wireless channel statistics is critical for enabling the design of efficient transmitters and receiver

47、s, as well as determining appropriate levels of signal power, data transfer rates, modulation techniques, and error control codes for the wireless links. Interference, channel distortion, and spectral limitations that arises as a result of equipment for the disabled (wheelchairs, IV stands, monitori

48、ng equipment, etc.) is of particular interest.- Design, analysis, and verification of enhanced antennas for indoor wireless communications. Indoor wireless communications present the need for compact and rugged antennas. New antenna designs, optimized for desired data rates, frequency of operation,

49、and spatial requirements, could be considered.- Verification and analysis of operation of indoor wireless networks: wireless networking standards for home automation have recently been commercialized. Integration of one or more of these systems into the smart house would provide the opportunity to v

50、erify the operation of these systems, examine their limitations, and determine whether the standards are over-designed to meet typical requirements.- Determination of effective communications wiring plans for “smart homes.”: there exist performance/cost tradeoffs regarding wired and wireless infrast

51、ructure. Measurement and analysis of various wireless network configurations will allow for determination of appropriate network designs.- Consideration of coordinating indoor communication systems with larger-scale communication systems: indoor wireless networks are local to the vicinity of the res

52、idence. There exist broader-scale networks, such as the cellular telephone network, fixed wireless networks, and satellite-based communication networks. The viability and usefulness of compatibility between these services for the purposes of health-care monitoring, the tracking of dementia patients,

53、 etc needs to be considered.Software Agents and their Engineering: An embedded-agent can be considered the equivalent of supplying a friendly expert with a product. Embedded-agents for Intelligent Buildings pose a number of challenges both at the level of the design methodology as well as the result

54、ing detailed implementation. Projects in this area will include：- Architectures for large-scale agent systems for human inhabited environment: successful deployment of agent technology in residential/extended care environments requires the design of new architectures for these systems. A suitable ar

55、chitecture should be simple and flexible to provide efficient agent operation in real time. At the same time, it should be hierarchical and rigid to allow enforcement of rules and restrictions ensuring safety of the inhabitants of the building system. These contradictory requirements have to be reso

56、lved by designing a new architecture that will be shared by all agents in the system. - Robust Decision and Control Structures for Learning Agents: to achieve life-long learning abilities, the agents need to be equipped with powerful mechanisms for learning and adaptation. Isolated use of some tradi

57、tional learning systems is not possible due to high-expected lifespan of these agents. We intend to develop hybrid learning systems combining several learning and representation techniques in an emergent fashion. Such systems will apply different approaches based on their own maturity and on the amo

58、unt of change necessary to adapt to a new situation or learn new behaviors. To cope with high levels of non-determinism (from such sources as interaction with unpredictable human users), robust behaviors will be designed and implemented capable of dealing with different types of uncertainty (e.g. pr

59、obabilistic and fuzzy uncertainty) using advanced techniques for sensory and data fusion, and inference mechanisms based on techniques of computational intelligence. - Automatic modeling of real-world objects, including individual householders: The problems here are: “the locating and extracting” of information essential for representation of personality and habits of an indi