機械設(shè)計制造及其自動化畢業(yè)設(shè)計外文翻譯

1、機械設(shè)計制造及其自動化畢業(yè) 設(shè)計外文翻譯英文 原文名 Automatic production line PLC con trol of automatic feed ing stati on中文譯名 基于PLC的自動化生產(chǎn)線自動上料站的 控制中文譯文:自動化生產(chǎn)線自動上料站的 PLC控制自動生產(chǎn)線是由工件傳送系統(tǒng)和控制系統(tǒng)，將一組自動機床和輔助設(shè)備按照工藝順序 聯(lián)結(jié)起來，自動完成產(chǎn)品全部或部分制造過程的生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)，簡稱自動線。二十世紀20年代，隨著汽車、滾動軸承、小電機和縫紉機和其他工業(yè)發(fā)展 ，機械制造 業(yè)開始出現(xiàn)在自動生產(chǎn)線，第一個是組合機床自動線。在 20世紀20年代,第一次出現(xiàn)在汽 車工

2、業(yè)流水生產(chǎn)線和半自動生產(chǎn)線，然后發(fā)展成自動生產(chǎn)線。第二次世界大戰(zhàn)后，在機械制 造工業(yè)發(fā)達國家，自動生產(chǎn)線的數(shù)量急劇增加。采用自動生產(chǎn)線生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品應(yīng)該足夠大 ，產(chǎn) 品設(shè)計和技術(shù)應(yīng)該是先進的、穩(wěn)定的和可靠的，基本上保持了很長一段時間維持不變。 自動 線用于大，大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)可以提高勞動生產(chǎn)率，穩(wěn)定和提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量，改善勞動條件，降低生產(chǎn) 區(qū)域，降低生產(chǎn)成本，縮短生產(chǎn)周期，保證生產(chǎn)平衡、顯著的經(jīng)濟效益。自動生產(chǎn)線的一個干預(yù)指定的程序或命令自動操作或控制的過程，我們的目標是穩(wěn)定、準確、快速。自動化技術(shù)廣泛用于工業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)、軍事、科學(xué)研究、交通運輸、商業(yè)、醫(yī)療、 服務(wù)和家庭，等自動化生產(chǎn)線不僅可以使人們從繁重的

3、體力勞動、部分腦力勞動以及惡劣、 危險的工作環(huán)境，能擴大人的器官功能，極大地提高勞動生產(chǎn)率，提高人們認識世界的能力， 可以改變世界。下面我說下它的應(yīng)用范圍：機械制造業(yè)中有鑄造、鍛造、沖壓、熱處理、焊接、切削加工和機械裝配等自動線， 也有包括不同性質(zhì)的工序，如毛坯制造、加工、裝配、檢驗和包裝等的綜合自動線。加工自動線發(fā)展最快，應(yīng)用最廣泛的機械制造。主要包括：用于處理盒、外殼、各種各 樣的部件，如組合機床自動線；用于加工軸、盤部分，由通用、專業(yè)化、或自動機器自動專線 轉(zhuǎn)子加工自動線；轉(zhuǎn)子自動線加工過程簡單、小零件等。1. 確保節(jié)拍時間：無論什么樣的產(chǎn)品，都必須完成的時間生產(chǎn)。2. 單元過程：只有一

4、個產(chǎn)品，單位部分處理、組裝、加工和材料。3. 先導(dǎo)器：理解為視覺設(shè)備節(jié)拍時間。4. U型生產(chǎn)線：校準設(shè)備按照項目訂單逆時針方向，和一個人負責出口和入口。5. AB控制：只有當沒有產(chǎn)品工程,工程的產(chǎn)品,使項目。6. 燈光：傳達我們的產(chǎn)品線過程變化的裝置。7. 后工程領(lǐng)取:在產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)線,以滿足項目需求設(shè)備聯(lián)接：自動線中設(shè)備的聯(lián)結(jié)方式有剛性聯(lián)接和柔性聯(lián)接兩種。在剛性聯(lián)接自動線中，沒有裝載裝置，工件加工和傳播過程有嚴格的節(jié)奏。 當暫停設(shè)備 故障,將導(dǎo)致政府關(guān)門。因此，剛性連接自動生產(chǎn)線的工作需要高可靠性的各種設(shè)備。在自動生產(chǎn)線柔性連接，每個工序（或部分）之間的加載裝置，比不必嚴格在每個過程是 一致的

5、，短暫的停頓，一個設(shè)備可以由存儲設(shè)備在一定時間來調(diào)整平衡 ，從而不會影響其他 設(shè)備的正常工作。集成自動生產(chǎn)線、裝配、自動線路和時間組合機床自動線通常采用柔性 連接。組成部分：自動線路傳輸系統(tǒng)一般包括機床和工件裝載裝置，傳動裝置和加載裝置。在轉(zhuǎn)子加工自 動線,傳動裝置，包括重力式輸送機或迫使槽或進料輸送機，推廣、傳輸和配電裝置等。有時, 機械手完成轉(zhuǎn)運裝置的功能。在組合機床自動線工件有合適的輸送機基礎(chǔ)，采用直接傳輸方 式,傳輸設(shè)備有各種步進式輸送機、傳輸裝置和翻轉(zhuǎn)裝置形狀不規(guī)則 ，沒有適當?shù)膫鬏數(shù)幕?礎(chǔ)表面的工件，通常在托盤的位置和運輸，這種情況將增加托盤返回設(shè)備。自動生產(chǎn)線控制系統(tǒng)主要是用于確

6、保機床的傳動系統(tǒng) ，工件,依照有關(guān)規(guī)定和輔助設(shè)備 的正常工作的工作周期和聯(lián)鎖要求，檢驗設(shè)備和信號設(shè)備和麻煩。適應(yīng)的要求自動生產(chǎn)線的 調(diào)試和正常運行，控制系統(tǒng)有三種工作狀態(tài)：，半自動和自動調(diào)整。的調(diào)整可以手動操作和調(diào) 整,實現(xiàn)單機每個行動；在半自動可實現(xiàn)單機單工作；在自動傳輸機可以連續(xù)工作?？刂葡到y(tǒng)有其“停止”控制功能、停車、傳送機在正常工作條件下需要完成一個工作 循環(huán),每個機床的運動部件上停車后回到原來的位置。自動設(shè)置的其他輔助設(shè)備按照流程和 自動化程度的要求，比如洗衣機工件自動檢測裝置，自動工具改變裝置，自動芯片系統(tǒng)和冷 卻系統(tǒng)，等。為了提高生產(chǎn)力，自動行必須確保自動生產(chǎn)線的工作可靠性。主要

7、影響因素自 動生產(chǎn)線的可靠性工作是加工質(zhì)量和設(shè)備的穩(wěn)定運行的可靠性。自動生產(chǎn)線的發(fā)展方向主 要是提高生產(chǎn)率和增加通用性和靈活性。為了適應(yīng)多種生產(chǎn)的需要，調(diào)整開發(fā)可以快速可調(diào) 自動生產(chǎn)線。這生產(chǎn)線是一套基于PLC控制的教學(xué)系統(tǒng)，也是一套模塊化的生產(chǎn)實訓(xùn)系統(tǒng)。它集電氣 控制、PLC應(yīng)用、傳感器和氣動等多種技術(shù)于一體，由自動上料、傳輸檢測、真空分揀、 顏色分揀、位置調(diào)整、配件供給和裝配下料等七個工作站組成。自動上料站的功能是為其 它工作站提供工件。工件由氣動機械手抓取，經(jīng)平移,升降，擺動等動作，放到輸送帶上，然后 回歸原位。1. 系統(tǒng)的硬件設(shè)計自動上料模塊是整個自動生產(chǎn)線系統(tǒng)的起始單元，主要由工件裝

8、料管和推出裝置，支架, 閥組,終端組件、PLG按鈕、槽底板,等。主要功能是被放置在一個掩體工件自動推到材料 板,以便運輸單元的機械手抓取和輸送。 有手動和自動兩種操作方式。操作前應(yīng)確保進料板 材料。1.1動作過程上料單元主體是一個轉(zhuǎn)動的料盤，料盤上設(shè)置兩個管形料倉。在料盤口對應(yīng)上料的位置 安裝了漫反射光電開關(guān)，功能是檢測材料裝在盤子里。當工件將達到位置 ，光電開關(guān)檢測工 件的存在，然后系統(tǒng)提供本單位圓盤材料工件的信號。在輸送單元控制程序中，您可以使用信號狀態(tài)的構(gòu)件驅(qū)動機械手裝置，去旅游。本在重力的作用下工件自動向下移動工件，準備 下一個抓取工件。如果當前盤沒有工件，材料板將在程序控制下的預(yù)期位

9、置繼續(xù)測試。直到 兩個菜沒有工件，材料板停止轉(zhuǎn)動。1.2氣動回路設(shè)計氣動控制回路是本工作單元的執(zhí)行機構(gòu)，由氣動機械手和上料轉(zhuǎn)盤組成，完成上料和取 料。機械手在結(jié)構(gòu)上由兩個直線氣缸、一個擺動氣缸和氣爪組成。歸位狀態(tài)為：氣爪閉,平移缸退,升降缸落,擺缸0°0 一個工作循環(huán)：氣爪閉一氣爪開一升降缸升一平移缸進一氣爪 閉一平移缸退一擺缸180°-平移缸進一升降缸落-氣爪開一平移缸退一升降缸升一擺 缸0°。機械手可以完成翻譯，舉重和擺動臂爪抓取動作，由磁性接近開關(guān)安裝在每個氣缸 的缸測試極限位置，然后由PLC實現(xiàn)位置控制。五兩位五通雙電動電磁閥安裝在收集器板，控制機械臂的平

10、移、起重和擺動控制和上料盤的旋轉(zhuǎn)動作。1.3 PLC控制在上料單元中，檢測磁開關(guān)、位置缸材料盤沒有光電開關(guān)的工件 ，傳輸擁塞檢測傳感器 和控制按鈕,PLC,總共14個輸入終端接收信號。電磁閥來控制運動的輸出,故障信號和信號, 共13個輸出終端。可以選擇西門子 S7 - 300的主要單位和從站之間的信息交換。2. 系統(tǒng)的軟件設(shè)計PLC梯形圖程序的設(shè)計方法有經(jīng)驗法和順序控制法兩種。順序控制設(shè)計法的基本思想 是將系統(tǒng)的一個工作周期劃分為若干個順序相連的步，用編程元件（例如存儲器位M）來代 表,在任何一步內(nèi)各輸出量的狀態(tài)不變。使系統(tǒng)由當前步進入下一步的信號稱為轉(zhuǎn)換條件，它可以是外部的輸入信號，如按鈕、

11、限位開關(guān)的通斷等。也可以是PLC內(nèi)部產(chǎn)生的信號，如定時器和計數(shù)器的觸點信號。使用順序控制設(shè)計方法時，首先根據(jù)系統(tǒng)的工藝流程，所示的順序功能圖，再根據(jù)順序功能圖畫出梯形圖來完成程序設(shè)計。The orig inal textAutomatic producti on line PLC con trol of automatic feed ing stati onAutomatic product ion li ne is composed of the workpiece tran smissi on system and con trol system, a set of automatic m

12、achi ne and auxiliary equipme nt in accorda nee with the process seque nee, completi on of all or part of the manu facturi ng process product ion system, automatic line for short.The 20th century 20 s, as car, rolling bearings, small motor and sewing machines and other in dustrial developme nt, mach

13、i nery manu facturi ng in dustry bega n to appear in automatic production line, the first is the modular machine tool automatic line. In the 1920 s, first appeared in the automotive industry running water production line and semi-automatic product ion lin es, and the n developed in to the automatic

14、producti on line. After the second world war, in the machinery manufacturing industry in developed coun tries, the nu mber of automatic product ion line has in creased dramatically. Adopt the products of the automatic producti on line should be large eno ugh, the product desig n and tech no logy sho

15、uld be adva need, stable and reliable, rema ined largely un cha nged for a long time. Automatic line for large, mass product ion can improve labor productivity, stability and improve product quality, improve labor condition, reduce the production area, reduce the product ion cost, shorte n producti

16、on cycle, guara ntee the producti on of bala nee, sig nifica nt econo mic ben efits.Automatic product ion li ne of an in terve nti on in a specified program or comma nd automatic operation or control of process, our goal is to be stable, accurate and fast. Automati on tech no logy is widely used in

17、in dustry, agriculture, military, scie ntific research, tran sportatio n, bus in ess, health, services, and family, such as automatic product ion line can not only make people from heavy manu al labor, parts of men tal Labour and bad, dan gerous working conditions, can expand human organ function, g

18、reatly improve the labor productivity, improve the ability of people to know the world, can change the world.Below I say un der its scope of applicati on:In mechanical manufacturing casting, forging, stamping, heat treatment, welding, machining and mechanical assembly, automatic line, also to have t

19、he process including different properties, such as blank manufacturing, machining, assembly, testing and packag ing of in tegrated automatic line.Processing and automatic line fastest growing, most widely used machinery manu facturi ng. Mainly in cludes: used for process ing box, shell, all kinds of

20、 parts, such as the comb in ati on mach ine tools automatic line; Used for mach ining shaft, plate part, by gm, specialization, or automatic machine automatic line; Rotor processing automatic line; Rotor automatic line, such as simple process, small parts.1. Ensure the takt time: no matter what kind

21、 of products, are required to complete the time of producti on.2. Unit process: only a product, the unit parts processing, assembly, processing and materials.3. The guide: understand the takt time for visual devices.4. U-shaped line: calibration equipment in accordanee with the project order coun te

22、rclockwise, and a pers on in charge of export and en try.5. AB con trol: only whe n there is no product engin eeri ng, product engin eeri ng, make the project.6. Light ing: convey our product process cha nge device.7. After the engineering drawing: in the product line, in order to meet project requi

23、reme nts.Equipme nt conn ecti on:Automatic line of the connection device has two kinds of rigid connection and flexible connection.In rigid connection automatic line, there is no loading device, processing and tran smissi on process has strict rhythm. Whe n the suspe nsion of equipme nt failure, wil

24、l lead to shut dow n the gover nment. Therefore, rigid connection of automatic product ion line work n eed high reliability of various equipme nt.In the automatic producti on lineof flexible conn ecti ons, each worki ng procedure (orparts) betwee n the load ing device, tha n don't have to be str

25、ict in each process is con siste nt, a brief pause, a device can be made by a storage device in a certain time to adjust the balanee, thus will not affect the normal work of the other devices. Integrated automatic producti on line, assembly, automatic line and time comb in ati on machi ne tools auto

26、matic line usually adopt flexible conn ecti on.Comp onen ts:Automatic li ne tran smissi on system gen erally in cludes mach ine tools and the workpiece loading device, transmission device and load device. In rotor machining automatic line, transmission device, including gravity conveyor or force or

27、feed conveyor trough, the promotion, transmission and distribution equipment, etc. Sometimes, the fun ctio n of the man ipulator to complete the tran sfer device. In comb in atio n mach ine tools automatic line artifacts have suitable conveyor foundation, USES the direct transmission mode, tran smis

28、si on equipme nt has a variety of stepp ing con veyor, tran smissi on device and flip device irregular shape, without proper transmission based on the surface of the workpiece, usually in the tray location and transportation, this kind of situation will in crease the pallet retur n equipme nt.Automa

29、tic production line control system is mainly used to ensure the machine tool driv ing system, artifacts, and auxiliary equipme nt in accorda nee with the releva nt regulati ons of the no rmal work of the work cycle and in terlock ing requireme nts, test equipment and signal equipment and trouble. Ad

30、apt to the requirement of automatic production line of the debugging and running, there are three kinds of working state: control system, semi-automatic and automatic adjustment. Adjustments can be manual operatio n and adjustme nt, realize si ngle mach ine every acti on; In the semi-automatic can r

31、ealize single machine single work; In the automatic transmission machine can work continu ously.Control system has its "stop" control function, parking, transfer machine in normal working con diti ons n eed to complete a work cycle, each mach in e's moving parts on back to its original

32、 position after parking. Other auxiliary equipment automatically set according to the requireme nts of process and automati on degree, workpiece automatic detecti on devices such as washi ng mach ine, automatic tool cha nge device, automatic chip system and cooli ng system, etc. In order to improve

33、the productivity, automatic line must ensure that the work reliability of the automatic producti on line. Main factors in flue ncing the reliability of the automatic product ion line of work is the reliability of the process ing quality and the equipme nt and stable operati on. The developme nt dire

34、ct ion of automatic producti on line mai nly is to improve the productivity and in crease the versatility and flexibility. I n order to meet the n eeds of a variety of product ion, adjustme nt of developme nt can be quickly adjustable automatic product ion line.This producti on line is a set of teac

35、h ing system based on PLC con trol, is also a set of modular production training system. It sets, sensors, PLC application and electric control of pn eumatic and other tech no logy in one, by the automatic feed ing, tran smissi on detect ion, vacuum sorting, color sorting, position adjustment, spare

36、 parts supply and assembly blanking seven workstations, etc. The function of automatic feeding station is to provide other workstations artifacts. Artifacts by pneumatic manipulator grasping, through tran slati on, lift ing and swinging moveme nts, such as on the con veyor belt, and the n retur n to

37、 the in situ.1. The hardware desig n of the systemAutomatic feedi ng unit module is the start of the automatic product ion line system, mainly by the workpiece loading and launching device, stents, valve group, terminal comp onen ts, PLC, butt on, groove bottom, etc. Main function is to be placed in

38、 a bun ker workpiece automatically pushed to the material plate, so that the manipulator grasping and transmission of transport unit. Have both manual and automatic operation mode. Before the operati on should en sure that feed plate material.1.1 acti on processFeed ing unit main body is a rotati ng

39、 tray, tray set on two tubular bin. In the positi on of the dish on the corresp onding material in stalled diffuse photoelectric switch, fun cti on is to detect material served on plates. When the workpiece will reach position, photoelectric switch to detect the existence of the workpiece, and the s

40、ystem to provide the unit disk material artifacts sig nal. I n con vey ing unit con trol program, you can use the sig nals of the state of the component to drive the manipulator device, to travel. This under the action of gravity, the workpiece automatically move down the artifacts, ready for the ne

41、xt grab artifacts. If the current plate without artifacts, material plate will continue to test the expected positi on un der program con trol. Un til the two dishes no artifacts, material plate stop running.1.2 the pn eumatic circuit desig nPn eumatic actuator, con trol loop is the unit of work con

42、 sists of pn eumatic mani pulator and feeding wheel, finish loading and discharge. Manipulator in structure consists of two straight line of cylinder, a swinging cylinder and claw. Place status to: paw closed gas, shift cylinder, lifting cylinder, cylinder 0. A working cycle: the paw closed - gas cl

43、aws open - qi -translation cylinder into - claw gas cylinder closed - translational cylinder to cylinder 180,back translation cylinder into the gas - lift cylinder fall - claw open to shift cylinder annealing, lifting cylinder to cylinder 0 ° Robots can do translation, lifting and swinging arm

44、claw grasp ing moti on, by magn etic proximity switch in stalled in each cyli nder cyli nder test limit position, and then by the PLC to realize position control. WuLiangWei five-way double electric sole noid valve in stalled on the collector plate, con trol of mecha ni cal arm translation, lifting and swinging contro