施工安全培訓(xùn)-中英

1、編輯ppt施工安全培訓(xùn)施工安全培訓(xùn)ConstructionSafety Training 編輯ppt安全培訓(xùn)的目的：安全培訓(xùn)的目的：Toolbox Talks The Objectives: 增強(qiáng)員工安全生產(chǎn)意識(shí)Remind workers of specific job related safety提醒施工中的危險(xiǎn)隱患Reaffirm the safety hazards related to the job提醒員工采取預(yù)防措施以將工傷事故降低到最少程度Remind them of the precautions they should take to minimize the hazard

2、(s) 編輯ppt事故的原因事故的原因 （管理方面）（管理方面）Causes of Accidents (Management)管理不當(dāng)Lack of proper supervision 工作場(chǎng)所安全環(huán)境維持力度不夠Bad Housekeeping編輯ppt事故的原因事故的原因 （管理方面）（管理方面）Causes of Accidents (Management)施工操作方法缺乏規(guī)范化Lack of proper Method Statement 缺乏安全培訓(xùn)Lack of all types of safety training 編輯ppt事故的原因事故的原因 （管理方面）（管理方面）C

3、auses of Accidents (Management)趕工Working at speeds to get the job done沒有安全和足夠的工作腳手架Lack of adequate working platforms 編輯ppt事故的原因事故的原因 （操作工人方面）（操作工人方面）Causes of Accidents (Workers) 缺乏知識(shí)和技巧Lack of knowledge or skill 圖便利走捷徑Taking short cuts 懶散Simple laziness 自以為是The “Macho” image 趕工時(shí)Piece work time is

4、of the essence編輯ppt事故預(yù)防原則事故預(yù)防原則Principles of Accident Prevention 安全培訓(xùn)、安全信息及安全教育是關(guān)鍵Safety training, information and education are essential 分發(fā)正確和足夠的勞防用品并確保正確使用Issue correct P.P.E. and ensure it is properly worn and used 所以的“幸免”事故都應(yīng)該報(bào)告、調(diào)查并采取預(yù)防措施All “near misses” should be reported, investigated and re

5、medial actions instigated 持續(xù)的安全培訓(xùn)是關(guān)鍵Continuation training is essential編輯ppt事故預(yù)防原則事故預(yù)防原則Principles of Accident Prevention 管理層必需對(duì)安全負(fù)責(zé)并以正確的態(tài)度Management must know their commitment and adopt the “right” attitude towards safety 所有的事故必需調(diào)查并找到根本原因All accidents must be properly investigated and the “true” cau

6、se of the accident established 實(shí)行安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估并告訴工人預(yù)防措施Risk Assessments should be carried out and preventative and precautionary recommendations passed on to the workers 編輯ppt事故預(yù)防原則事故預(yù)防原則Principles of Accidents Prevention 日常施工中不斷監(jiān)督工人、員工The workforce must be properly and constantly supervised 評(píng)定整個(gè)工程的安全培訓(xùn)計(jì)劃A

7、ssess all training needs throughout the project 管理層必需事先計(jì)劃工地布置和工序安排Management must plan well in advance the site layout and the logical sequence of works 安全監(jiān)理員在任用前需得到充分的培訓(xùn)Safety Supervisors must have some form of safety training before appointed編輯ppt安全防范措施總結(jié)安全防范措施總結(jié)Summary of Accident Prevention Cont

8、rol操作工人操作工人Worker機(jī)器設(shè)備及工具機(jī)器設(shè)備及工具Equipment orMachine環(huán)境和工地環(huán)境和工地Environment &Site編輯ppt工傷事故的代價(jià)工傷事故的代價(jià)Costs of Accidents 受傷工人本身The Injured Worker工人家屬The Families雇主The Employer社會(huì)Society編輯ppt事故及危險(xiǎn)事件報(bào)告程序事故及危險(xiǎn)事件報(bào)告程序Accident & Dangerous Occurrence Reporting Procedures人員姓名The name of the person受傷性質(zhì)The n

9、ature of the injury事故時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)The time and place of the accident事故情況簡(jiǎn)述A brief explanation of the circumstances of the accident 死亡或嚴(yán)重受傷必需在24小時(shí)內(nèi)報(bào)告Death or serious injury must be reported within 24 hours 編輯ppt事故及危險(xiǎn)事件報(bào)告程序事故及危險(xiǎn)事件報(bào)告程序Accident & Dangerous Occurrence Reporting Procedures 必需在7天內(nèi)提交書面報(bào)告A writt

10、en report must be submitted within 7 days 小事故必需在3天內(nèi)書面報(bào)告Minor accidents for incapacity for less than 3 days must be reported 危險(xiǎn)事件必需在24小時(shí)內(nèi)書面報(bào)告 不限于有人受傷的事故Dangerous occurrences must be reported within 24 hours, in writing injury is not a necessary criteria 所有死亡工傷事故必需報(bào)告警方All fatal accidents must also be

11、reported to the Police編輯ppt急救措施急救措施First Aid 建筑工地安全條款中有詳細(xì)列出急救箱中須常備必需的急救用品These regulations gives details of the minimum contents of First Aid Boxes建筑工地安全條款中有詳細(xì)列出規(guī)定的急救用品The Constructions Sites (Safety) Regulations cover the requirements for First Aid Facilities編輯ppt緊急事件程序緊急事件程序Emergency Procedures如何與

12、安全部門聯(lián)系How to contact the Safety Department如何叫救護(hù)車、勞動(dòng)部門、消防局和警察The policy on how to call the Ambulance, the Labor Department, the Fire Services and the Police滅火設(shè)備放置地點(diǎn)和使用方法The location of fire fighting equipment and how to use it任何人第一次進(jìn)入工地應(yīng)被告知：任何人第一次進(jìn)入工地應(yīng)被告知：Anyone coming onto a construction site for th

13、e first time should be told:編輯ppt緊急事件程序緊急事件程序Emergency Procedures安全出入口和集散地點(diǎn)Assembly, Access and egress points大風(fēng)時(shí)高空作業(yè)須停工的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)The criteria for stopping work at heights during high winds 編輯ppt建造安全的工地建造安全的工地Setting up a Safe Site 1.正確的工地布置事關(guān)重要Proper planning of site layout is very important2.檢查工地周圍的限制條件，如

14、道路、鐵路、飛機(jī)路徑、水流區(qū)域、高架和地下設(shè)施等等Check what restraints are around the site, i.e. roads, railways, flight paths, water areas, overhead and underground services, etc.3.檢查環(huán)境問題，如灰塵、噪音和煙霧等Check for environmental problem such as dust, noise, fumes 編輯ppt建立安全的工地建立安全的工地Setting up a Safe Site4.建立工地內(nèi)交通控制體系，可能的話設(shè)立單向道交通

15、系統(tǒng)Consider traffic control and a one way system if possible臨時(shí)的供電系統(tǒng)和電纜鋪設(shè)要適當(dāng)Consider temporary power supply and how best to lay cables 避免雙向通行Avoid head-on traffic編輯ppt安全的工作環(huán)境安全的工作環(huán)境Safe Working Environment 核實(shí)是否需要審辦噪音許可證Check whether there is a need for a Noise Permit是否需要審辦開挖許可證Will you need an excavat

16、ion permit ?是否需要審辦臨時(shí)外墻腳手架搭建許可證What are the requirements of your hoarding permit?確保工地內(nèi)有足夠的通信設(shè)備，如電話、無線電對(duì)講機(jī)等Ensure there is an adequate communication system, i.e. telephones, radio etc.塵?？刂瞥绦?，如清洗車輪等What “dust” control procedures i.e. wheel wash etc.確保工作場(chǎng)所良好的通風(fēng)和照明Ensure good lighting, ventilation etc. 編

17、輯ppt物品管理物品管理Good Housekeeping 儲(chǔ)藏物品須小心安排Look carefully at storage arrangements將碎石、施工下料、垃圾等控制到最低限度Keep rubble, debris and rubbish to a minimum檢查危險(xiǎn)物品的管理和儲(chǔ)藏Check the management, storage of the Dangerous Substances 編輯ppt防火防火Fire Precautions and Fire Prevention 火災(zāi)的三要素火災(zāi)的三要素Triangle of Fire 燃料燃料Fuel 熱熱 Hea

18、t空氣（氧氣）空氣（氧氣）Air (Oxygen) 編輯ppt超載用電Overloading the Power supply線路、插頭、插座的絕緣性差Poor insulation of connections, plugs, sockets, etc連接有誤Faulty connections火災(zāi)的常見原因火災(zāi)的常見原因Common Causes of Fire Accidents編輯ppt火災(zāi)的常見原因火災(zāi)的常見原因Common Causes of Fire Accidents裸露的電線Bare wires沒有接地No earthing電線浸在水中Cables lying in wate

19、r損壞的電線與金屬件接觸Damaged cables coming into contact with metal插頭和多項(xiàng)轉(zhuǎn)換插座使用不當(dāng)Improper use of plugs and multiadaptors編輯ppt防護(hù)措施常識(shí)防護(hù)措施常識(shí)Some Preventative Measures 控制廢物的燃燒Control burning of waste materials不要用易燃液體點(diǎn)火Never light a fire using flammable liquids煙頭滅了再丟Extinguished cigarettes before discarding控制點(diǎn)焊、電割的

20、火花Control the sparks from welding or cutting檢查加熱、制冷設(shè)備的正常工作狀態(tài)Check heating or cooling appliances for serviceability氣罐、氣瓶必需正確的放置Storage of gas cylinders must be properly supervised 編輯ppt防護(hù)措施常識(shí)防護(hù)措施常識(shí)Some Preventative Measures氣瓶放置不正確Improper storage of gas cylinders編輯ppt防護(hù)措施常識(shí)防護(hù)措施常識(shí)Some Preventative Mea

21、sures氣瓶正確的放置Proper storage of gas cylinders編輯ppt防護(hù)措施常識(shí)防護(hù)措施常識(shí)Some Preventative Measures油漆罐不正確的放置Improper storage/placement of paint編輯ppt預(yù)防電器火災(zāi)預(yù)防電器火災(zāi)Prevent Electrical Fires 許多電器火災(zāi)是誤用電器引起的Most electrical fires are caused by misuse of appliances or neglect不提倡使用多用途插線板Use of multisocket adaptors should b

22、e actively discouraged“一個(gè)插座拖一個(gè)用電器”的原則Follow the simple rule one socket to one appliance插頭、電器等須正確接地Lack of proper earthing to plugs, appliances, etc. 編輯ppt電器火災(zāi)的撲滅電器火災(zāi)的撲滅Actions for Electrical Fires 切斷電源Switch off electrical supply若電源未切斷，人員須保持在1米以外距離DO NOT get closer than 1 meter from fire if electric

23、ity has not been switched off使用二氧化碳滅火器Use CO2 Extinguisher絕不要用水滅火NEVER use water 編輯ppt用電安全用電安全Dangers of Working with Electricity 電擊，哪怕小電擊也會(huì)致命Electrical shock, even small shocks can kill電弧、火花引起的燃燒Burns caused by arcing, sparks etc火災(zāi)和爆炸Fire and explosion電焊引起的眼疾Arc eye from welding operations 所有的電線、用電

24、設(shè)備等都應(yīng)由專業(yè)人員安裝并定期檢查All wiring, equipment and accessories shall be installed and regularly checked by licensed personnel編輯ppt手?jǐn)y電器設(shè)備的安全使用手?jǐn)y電器設(shè)備的安全使用Safe Use of ElectricalPortable Equipment 接地檢查Check earthing檢查工具的保護(hù)套是否受損Check casing of tool for damage足夠長(zhǎng)的電源拖線Ensure cables are long enough檢查電線、插頭、保險(xiǎn)絲安全額定值C

25、heck cables, plugs, fuses etc for correct rating編輯ppt手?jǐn)y電器設(shè)備的安全使用手?jǐn)y電器設(shè)備的安全使用Safe Use of Electrical Portable Equipment電線須離地并遠(yuǎn)離金屬物件Keep power cables off the floor and away from other metal不得使用照明插座來驅(qū)動(dòng)電動(dòng)工具NEVER connect portable tools to light sockets電器不用時(shí)不要連接插座Disconnect tools when not in use由專業(yè)人員檢查設(shè)備Get

26、 your tools checked by a Competent Electrician 編輯ppt開挖過程中的施工安全開挖過程中的施工安全Safety in Excavation 開挖泥土處理Displacement of Earth人員跌入開挖坑穴中Fall of persons into excavations物件沿著開挖壁滑入坑穴中Falling objects from sides of excavations地下公用管線Underground utilities毒氣或易燃?xì)怏w的聚積Build up of toxic or flammable gases地下水、雨水沖積泥漿Ing

27、ress of mud by underground water, rain, etc.編輯ppt預(yù)防措施預(yù)防措施Preventative Measures 正確的支撐預(yù)防開挖面的倒塌Proper shoring to prevent collapse of walls 緊急出口梯子Ladders for emergency escape編輯ppt開挖坑邊緣2米內(nèi)不得行駛重型車輛No heavy vehicles, materials within 2 meters of edge結(jié)實(shí)的柵欄，充足的燈光及明確的指示牌等Substantial fencing, lighting, signs e

28、tc開挖工作要由專業(yè)人員監(jiān)控Excavation works supervised by Competent Person編輯ppt6.開挖人員應(yīng)被告知操作中的危險(xiǎn)Excavation workers instructed in the dangers of working in excavations7.必需要有排水及降水設(shè)備Dewatering equipment must be available8.開挖之前，應(yīng)該定位所有地下公用管道位置Before excavations start, all underground utilities should be identified 編輯p

29、pt用油布來防止邊坡坍塌Tarps are used to prevent from landslide編輯ppt常見受傷種類常見受傷種類Common Types of Injury 疝氣 （用力過猛造成）Hernia背、臂、腿肌肉拉傷Torn muscles in back, arms or legs椎間盤凸出或坐骨神經(jīng)痛Slipped disc or Sciatica身體各部位挫傷Lacerations, contusions, crushing to all parts of the body拉傷、扭傷Sprains and Strains 編輯ppt培養(yǎng)正確的安全操作程序培養(yǎng)正確的安全

30、操作程序Procedures to be Taught, Supervised and Adopted 1.戴手套Gloves should be worn2.穿安全鞋、靴Wearing of safety shoes/boots3.充分估計(jì)荷重Assess the load for weight4.檢查并清除搬運(yùn)路線上的障礙物Check route is clear of trip hazards編輯ppt培養(yǎng)正確的安全操作程序培養(yǎng)正確的安全操作程序Procedures to be Taught, Supervised and Adopted避免同時(shí)提升和移動(dòng)的物件Avoid twistin

31、g and carrying simultaneously最好是推而不是拖物件It is better to push than pull合理安排機(jī)械升降設(shè)備位置及使用程度Arrange mechanical means of lifting 編輯ppt腳手架、工作平臺(tái)及梯子的使用安全腳手架、工作平臺(tái)及梯子的使用安全Scaffolds, Working Platforms & Ladders 高空作業(yè)是高危險(xiǎn)工作，許多事故都是因腳手架問題而發(fā)生Working at Heights has many inherent hazards and many accidents happen a

32、s a result of bad scaffold management編輯ppt通常的危險(xiǎn)通常的危險(xiǎn)Common Hazards 由于腳手架倒塌導(dǎo)致人員墜落Fall of person due to collapse of scaffolding人員從腳手架、梯子、工作平臺(tái)上跌落Fall of person from scaffolding, ladder or working platform物品從腳手架上跌落Fall of objects from above whilst working on scaffolding 編輯ppt腳手架的安全使用腳手架的安全使用Safe use of

33、Scaffolds 15米以上的腳手架必需由專業(yè)的工程師設(shè)計(jì)Over 15 meters high must be designed by a qualified Engineer由專業(yè)人員進(jìn)行日常檢查Routine inspections to be carried out by a Competent Person經(jīng)歷惡劣天氣后，必需由專業(yè)人員檢查After adverse weather conditions must be inspected by Competent Person 編輯ppt腳手架必需有工作平臺(tái)Scaffolds must have working platforms

34、必需有安全通道上腳手架Safe access onto scaffold must be provided若無法設(shè)立工作平臺(tái)，必需提供單獨(dú)的安全設(shè)防線和防護(hù)網(wǎng)Independent life lines and fall arrestors must be provided if working platforms cannot be properly erected 腳手架的安全使用腳手架的安全使用Safe use of Scaffolds編輯ppt腳手架的安全使用腳手架的安全使用Safe use of Scaffolds圖中有何不對(duì)？ Whats wrong with this photo

35、?應(yīng)該采用的是有工作平臺(tái)、有擋板、有扶手的雙層腳手架It should be a doubled scaffolding with working platforms, toeboards and railing編輯ppt腳手架的支撐點(diǎn)為溝兩邊的不穩(wěn)定的基礎(chǔ)Support of the scaffolding resting on unstable edge of a trench圖中有何不對(duì)？ Whats wrong with this photo?腳手架的安全使用腳手架的安全使用Safe use of Scaffolds編輯ppt工作平臺(tái)搭建要求工作平臺(tái)搭建要求Working Platfo

36、rms Specifications 工作平臺(tái)至少要有40厘米寬Boards for working on must be at least 400mm wide安全扶手、護(hù)欄高90150厘米，中間高度4560厘米處須加固一根Guardrails between 900 1500mm in height with an intermediate one at between 450 600mm踢腳擋板至少20厘米高Toeboards at least 200mm high 編輯ppt工作平臺(tái)搭建要求工作平臺(tái)搭建要求Working Platforms Specifications沒有安全扶手、護(hù)

37、欄Guard rails and intermediate rails are missing安全網(wǎng)太薄，強(qiáng)度不夠Orange mesh acts as a soft screen only圖中有何不對(duì)？ Whats wrong with this photo?編輯ppt工作平臺(tái)搭建要求工作平臺(tái)搭建要求Working Platforms Specifications高空作業(yè)沒有系安全帶Working at height without safety belts腳手架上沒有工作平臺(tái)Lack of working platform at scaffolding圖中有何不對(duì)？Whats wrong

38、with this photo?編輯ppt安全使用梯子安全使用梯子Safe use of Ladders按安全操作規(guī)程，梯子必需正確安裝、維護(hù)及定期檢查There is legal requirement for ladders to be properly constructed and maintained and should be inspected regularly for incidents of disrepair 禁止使用自制的長(zhǎng)凳和泥水匠工作平臺(tái)Many home made” stools and plasterers inadequate working platform

39、s should be banned from sites 編輯ppt安全使用梯子安全使用梯子Safe use of Ladders上下樓梯時(shí)雙手扶住扶手Use both hands when climbing or descending a ladder制定搬工具、物品上下樓梯的方法Arrange ways of carrying tools and materials up and down a ladder人員上下樓梯時(shí)須面對(duì)梯子Face the ladder when ascending or descending注意四周，如過往車輛、人員等Be weary of your surro

40、undings, i.e. traffic編輯ppt安全使用梯子安全使用梯子Safe use of Ladders不要在電線、電纜附近放置金屬梯子Do not place metal ladders near electrical wires and/or cables梯子擱置角度起碼要75度Try to set the ladder at a slope of 75不要站在梯子頂端工作而應(yīng)使用足夠長(zhǎng)的梯子Use ladders of sufficient length so that workers do not stand on the top rung不得接綁梯子來延長(zhǎng)梯子長(zhǎng)度Never

41、 lash two ladders together to make it longer編輯ppt個(gè)人勞動(dòng)防護(hù)用品個(gè)人勞動(dòng)防護(hù)用品Personal Protective Equipment (P.P.E.)個(gè)人勞防設(shè)備應(yīng)作為最后一道防線P.P.E. should only be used as a last line of defense個(gè)人勞防設(shè)備應(yīng)合身P.P.E. should fit properly必需發(fā)放個(gè)人勞防設(shè)備The issue of P.P.E. must be strictly enforced個(gè)人勞防設(shè)備的檢查、清潔和維護(hù)很重要Provision for the chec

42、king, cleaning and maintenance of P.P.E. is essential 編輯ppt個(gè)人勞動(dòng)防護(hù)用品的種類個(gè)人勞動(dòng)防護(hù)用品的種類Types of P.P.E. 安全帽Safety Helmets 防護(hù)眼罩Eye Protection 防毒面具Respiratory Protection 安全帶和安全繩（高空作業(yè)）Safety Belts and Harnesses (Working at Heights) 耳罩（噪音區(qū)）Ear Protection (Noise Control Area)編輯ppt個(gè)人勞動(dòng)防護(hù)用品的種類個(gè)人勞動(dòng)防護(hù)用品的種類Types of

43、P.P.E. 安全手套和鞋子Safety Footwear & Hand Protection一般用棉布制品Cotton for general purposes 鋼筋施工須用皮革制品Leather for rebar purposes 電器設(shè)備或化學(xué)物須用橡膠制品Rubber for contact with electrical equipmentor chemicals編輯ppt在密閉倉室內(nèi)作業(yè)在密閉倉室內(nèi)作業(yè)Working in Confined Spaces缺氧氣Lack of oxygen有毒氣體、煙霧Toxic vapors, mists, dusts or fumes易

44、燃?xì)怏wFlammable gases對(duì)身體有傷害的情況，如滑倒等Physical hazards such as slipping有那些危險(xiǎn)？有那些危險(xiǎn)？What are these Hazards?編輯ppt在密閉倉室內(nèi)作業(yè)在密閉倉室內(nèi)作業(yè)Working in Confined Spaces泛水Flash Floods電擊Electric shock from portable lights, tools硅土塵灰Silica Dust腐蝕劑、化學(xué)品Corrosives or chemicals編輯ppt密閉倉室內(nèi)作業(yè)安全措施密閉倉室內(nèi)作業(yè)安全措施General Precautions for

45、 Confined Space Entry 安全防范教育Education and training of the hazards進(jìn)入密閉空間前進(jìn)行空氣測(cè)試Testing the atmosphere before entering a confined space提供良好的通風(fēng)Supply, if necessary, good ventilation確保安全出入口Ensure safe access and egress確保急救措施有效，配有急救人員Ensure life saving aids are available, with a trained First Aider使用低壓設(shè)備

46、Use, wherever possible, lowvoltage equipment 編輯ppt升降設(shè)備的安全使用升降設(shè)備的安全使用Safety In Lifting Appliances 叉車Fork Lift Trucks開挖機(jī)Excavators起重機(jī)Crawler Crane升降吊鉤及鎖鏈Lifting hooks and chains常用的升降設(shè)備Some common lifting appliances:編輯ppt升降設(shè)備的安全升降設(shè)備的安全Safety In Lifting Appliances卡車起重機(jī)Crane lorries叉式升降機(jī)Scissors Lifts升降機(jī)

47、操作員必需經(jīng)過培訓(xùn)、有證上崗升降機(jī)操作員必需經(jīng)過培訓(xùn)、有證上崗Operators of Lifting Appliances must be trained and licensed to operate the Appliance編輯ppt升降機(jī)操作常見事故升降機(jī)操作常見事故Common Accidents with Lifting Operation 起重機(jī)倒塌Collapse of the Crane, and/or other power machineries 編輯ppt升降機(jī)操作常見事故升降機(jī)操作常見事故Common Accidents with Lifting Operation

48、挺桿折斷Broken Jib人員跌落Fall of person被移動(dòng)的起重機(jī)擊中Struck by a moving crane被旋轉(zhuǎn)的貨物擊中Struck by a swinging load被高壓電擊中Contact with High Voltage Overhead Cables 編輯ppt升降設(shè)備安全須知升降設(shè)備安全須知Safety Hints for Lifting Appliances 設(shè)備沒有放在水平地面Not placed on level ground使用的操作人員必需經(jīng)過培訓(xùn)并能勝任此工作All Operators, Slingers, Bandsmen should

49、be Trained and Competent設(shè)備必需放在水平地面Plant must be on level ground編輯ppt載量不能超出安全工作承載量Loads must never exceed the Safe Working Load (SWL)必需要有安全工作承載量指示SWL indicator must be functional確保超載警報(bào)系統(tǒng)有效工作狀態(tài)Ensure audible overload alarm is working確保所有工人遠(yuǎn)離提升、移動(dòng)的貨物Keep all workers clear of suspended or moving load檢查挺

50、桿周圍的阻礙物Check for possible obstruction in the vicinity of the jib升降設(shè)備安全須知升降設(shè)備安全須知Safety Hints for Lifting Appliances編輯ppt升降設(shè)備安全須知升降設(shè)備安全須知Safety Hints for Lifting Appliances避免附加繞組或升降線拉得太長(zhǎng)Avoid over-winding or allowing the hoist rope to run too far off the drum貨物必需垂直升降Loads must be lifted vertically.操作人員不在時(shí)，貨物不該懸掛于空中Loads must not be left suspended without the Operator at the controls 強(qiáng)烈建議使用“結(jié)杈式”的繩子The use of “tie ropes” is strongly advised to maneuver the loads