初中語法梳理-動詞ing形式

1、初中語法梳理動詞ing形式的用法 一.動詞ing形式的兩個基本特點:表主動或者表進行1 .在時間上表示動作正在進行eg：試比較a falling leaf正在飄落的樹葉a fallen leaf 已經落地的樹葉2. 在語態(tài)上表示主動eg. Our teacher came into the room, following our monitor.我們的老師跟在班長后面，走進教 室。試比較：Our teacher came into the room, followed by our monitor.我們老師走進教室，班長跟在他后 面。二.動詞ing形式的時態(tài)與語態(tài)一般形式doing :表主動，

2、表進行，表示分詞動作與謂語動作幾乎同時發(fā)生eg. Hearing the wonderful music, I came into the room.聽著美妙白勺音樂,我走進了教室。 被動形式being done :表被動，表進行eg. Being educated in Beijing University is the dream of many students.在 1 匕京大學受教育是許 多學生的夢想。完成形式having done :表主動，表完成，表示分詞動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前eg. Having finished his homework, he went to play wit

3、h his friends.完成作業(yè)之后， 他和朋友去 玩了。完成被動形式having been done :表被動，表完成，表示分詞動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前 eg. I hear they have promoted Tom, but he didn't mention having been promoted when we talked on the phone.我聽說他們提拔了湯姆，但我們在電話里交談時湯姆沒有提到被提拔的事。三.現在分詞在句子當中擔當的句子成分：主語、賓語、表語、定語、賓補，狀語1 .做主語動詞ing形式作主語通常放句首，被看作是單數，所以謂語動詞用第三人稱單數

4、形式eg. Getting up early is a good habit. 有時用it作形式主語，把動詞-ing形式置后。例如：a wastedf timeno good/no useIt +be+ useless+ V-ingworthwhilefuneg. It is no use talking with him.It was a waste of time watching TV.在there be結構中作主語，例如：no rno sense in （沒有道理）There be+ no point in （毫無意義） +V-ingno use ineg. There was no

5、knowing when he would leave. 無法知道他什么時候離開。There is no point in discussing such matter.討論這樣的問題毫無意義。2. 作賓語作介詞的賓語eg. She is interested in working for our firm.她對為我們公司工作很咸興趣。（2）部分動詞后必須用 doing 作賓語，例如：enjoy, practise, advise, suggest, mind, keep, finish , admit 等。eg. I enjoy learning about new things.我喜歡了解

6、新事物。You should practise speaking English every morning.你應該每天早晨練習英語。注意：有些動詞后既可以加doing,也可以加to,但意義不同，注意區(qū)分。例如：remember doing sth.記得做過某事 remember to do記得要去做某事 類似的詞還有forget, regret, stop等。3. 作表語eg. His favorite sport is hiking.他最喜歡的運動是徒步旅行。My job is playing all kinds of instruments.我的工作是演奏各種樂器。區(qū)分：My mothe

7、r is cookine.主語謂語（cooking是cook的現在分詞，表示狀態(tài)，在這表示媽媽正在做飯這個狀態(tài)）My job is playing all kinds of instruments.主語 一詞表語（playing是動名詞，表示我工作的性質、屬性，并不是現在正在演奏樂器。）4. 作定語單個動詞-ing形式作定語，一般放在被修飾名詞前面，此時與所修飾的名詞具有邏輯上的主 謂關系。例：a walking stick 手杖a sleeping boy一個正在睡覺的男孩drinking water 飲用水區(qū)分：a sleeping boy正在睡覺的男孩sleeping是現&分詞，

8、表示狀態(tài)。a sleeping bus 臥車sleeping 是動名詞，表示屬性，特征。 分詞短語作定語要后置，相當于一個定語從句。例：a girl standing under the tree站在樹下的女孩The man visiting Japan is his father.=The man who is visiting Japan is his father.訪問日本的那個人是他父親。5. 作賓補：現在分詞作賓補表示正在發(fā)生的動作，接分詞作賓補的動詞有： feel, hear, see, watch, observe, notice, find, smell, + sb./ sth

9、. doing 表示該動作正在進行eg. I saw him going upstairs.我看見他正在上樓。 have ,keep, start, leave, get, catch + sb./ sth. doing使.一直處于某種狀態(tài)The mother kept her son staying at home for a whole day.媽媽讓兒子一整天待在家里6. 作狀語注意：動詞ing形式，與主句的主語在邏輯上是主動關系。原因狀語Having failed twice, he didn't want to try again.已經失敗了兩次，他不想再拭了。時間狀語_Wh

10、en leaving the station, he waved again and again to me.離開車站的時候，他向我頻頻揮手。 動作基本同時發(fā)生Having turned off the TV set, he began to go over his lessons.關掉電視機以后，他便開始復習 功課。動作有前后順序方式和伴隨狀語He sat in the armchair, reading the newspaper.他坐在扶手椅上讀報紙。伴隨狀語They stared his breath using a mouth-to- mouth way.他們采用 口對口 的方法，使他恢復了 呼吸。 方式狀語結果狀語,一般分詞前面要加so, thereby, thus, hence.He worked day and night, thus making himself near-sighted.他日夜工作，結果造成眼睛的近 視。 條件狀語：一般放在句首，其前可以加if, unless等連詞。If playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.如果玩一整天，你就會浪費了寶貴的時