旅游環(huán)境解說-理論與實踐：復習

1、Environment Interpretation Orientation and Introduction 前言前言Benefits of Interpretation 解說的益處（作用）Educational Benefit: 教育作用Recreational Benefits：娛樂作用Inspirational Benefits：激勵和鼓舞的作用Benefits to Society 對社會有益Summary Chapter 1 . Origin and Development of Tourism Environment Interpretation Definition of In

2、terpretation 解說定義解說定義2. Interpretation Roots 2.1 Interpretation in China 2.2 Interpretation in North America 2.2.1 Figures 人物人物(1) Enos Mills (1870-1922) (2) Charles M. Goethe(3) Ansel Hall （4）Freeman Tilden（1883-1980）Slide 美國國家解說協(xié)會是由哪兩個協(xié)會合并而成？ Chapter 2 Theoretical Bases and Principles of Interpret

3、ation 解說理論基礎和原則Reading: Ham, S. 1992. Environment interpretation- A practical Guide. P 4-8 Mr. Jones story解說和課堂教學的區(qū)別？ 1 Receiving and Processing Information and Ideas. 解說認知4種形態(tài)，3種領域 （three domains ） 中英文都要記2. Major Learning Theories and useful strategies2.1 Cognitive Development Theory 認知發(fā)展理論2.2 Soci

4、al cognition theory 社會認知理論2.3 Moral Development Theory 道德發(fā)展理論道德發(fā)展理論* slide 332.4 Constructive Learning or Meaning making 構建性學習或發(fā)現(xiàn)意構建性學習或發(fā)現(xiàn)意義義3. Interpretive programs and strategiesFlow learning （順流學習法) ,stages 4. Principals for interpretation 解說原則 Freeman Tilden concluded six principles Chapter 3 In

5、terpreters and Audience 2. Audience 2.1 Segmenting Demand 細分需求 2.2 Visitor preference(偏好） studies 2.3 Knowledge of the Audience Old Adults Three most common ailments: Arthritis（關節(jié)炎）Hearing loss （聽力衰退）Visual impairment（視力下降）Chapter 4 . The Methods of Environmental Interpretive Exhibition and Conveyin

6、g 環(huán)境解說展示設計及傳達方法4.1 Writing for Interpretation 4.1.1 How to write a theme statement Theme should be: 主題應該主題應該: 4.1.2 Being Thematic in Writing Presentation解說與一般的小說、故事的不同解說與一般的小說、故事的不同4.1.3 Writing Techniques for Effective Interpretation( 解說寫作技巧）如何寫好解說詞Three prerequisites(前提,先決條件) to writing require y

7、ou to1 know the purpose 了解目的2 Know the audience 了解觀眾3 know the subject 了解科目4.2 Signs And Exhibits好的標識和展示：Good exhibits A,B,C4.2.1 Conceptual Design4.2.1.1 Theme Titles and Levels 主題題目和步驟 slide 14-An exhibit design has four levels 展示設計包含4個步驟4.2.5 Adding Interest to Exhibits ( chapter 4, slide 45-) mu

8、seum fatigue4.3 Self-Guiding, Nonpersonal interpretationmedias for self-guided tour Location of the self-guided trail 4.3.3 Design a self-guided trail The length of self-guided trail: slide 18How many stops How do you place the stops Three self-guided trail layout 三種路徑布局三種路徑布局 Good self-guided trail

9、 好的自導路徑 Many of the best self-guided trails have three parts: 原則： What goes into a stop? 4.3.4 Conceptual planning for self-guided tours Five steps to better conceptual plans 博物管館和游客中心的區(qū)別博物管館和游客中心的區(qū)別 Living history first person ，third person ， 兩個例子兩個例子 ： Plimoth， Williamsburg Visitor center ,slide 3

10、1- 5.5 Case studies on school and community program The communication education programs in two broad categories: 兩大類別兩大類別: slide 41- 正式和非正式的教育項目Chapter 5 Museums ,visitor centers and Community program Chapter 6 Interpretive Planning 解說規(guī)劃幻燈片：1-2 解說規(guī)劃的概念 The essential element : vision （goals and ovje

11、ctives) 解說章程原則要素5步驟 6.2.1 consider the clients 6.2.2 Define the resource: interpretive inventory （清（清單）單） 6.2.3 Develop the themes 6.2.4 Prescribe the interpretive methods and media 6.2.5. Describe how to implement the plan Chapter 7. Evaluation of Interpretation 為什么要進行解說評價？ 展示吸引力指數(shù): simple observations of number of visitors and time spent （對游客數(shù)量和所花時間的觀察）（對游客數(shù)量和所花時間的觀察） 閱讀：閱讀： 1.Ham, S. 1992. Environment interpretation- A