北京市2019年中考英語真題試題(含解析)

1、152019年北京市中考英語試題姓名準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)考場(chǎng)號(hào)座位號(hào)1 .本試卷共10頁，共五道大題，39道小題，滿分60分，考tO寸問90分鐘。2 .在試卷和草稿紙上準(zhǔn)確填寫姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)、考場(chǎng)號(hào)和座位號(hào)。3 .試題答案一律填涂或書寫在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效。4 .在答題卡上，選擇題用 2B鉛筆作答，其他試題用黑色字跡簽字筆作答。知 5.考試結(jié)束，請(qǐng)將本試卷、答題卡和草稿紙一并交回。知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共1 4分）、單項(xiàng)填空（共6分，每小題0.5分）從下面各題所給的 A、B C D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選擇可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。答案：1-5 BCADC1. Mr. Wang is coming to our sch

2、ool. I can ' t wait to see .A. herB. him C. it D. them解析：Mr. Wang表示"王先生"，指男性，故用 him。2. We planted some flowersthe garden yesterday.A. on B. toC. in D. of解析：指在花園里，介詞用 in。3. 一 Excuse me, is this T-shirt?It ' s 88 yuan.A. how much B. how many C. how long D. how old解析：由答句可知，問句問的是價(jià)錢，故用

3、how much。how many詢問數(shù)量，修飾可數(shù)名 詞復(fù)數(shù)；how long詢問長度；how old詢問年齡。4. 一 Lily,you finish the letter in ten minutes?D. can-Yes, I can.A. must B. should C. needcan 。解析：由答句中的“I can ”可知，此處是問你能在 10 分鐘之內(nèi)完成這封信嗎，故用5. This cap is nice,it doesn t look good on me.A. for B. soC. but D. or解析：句意：這個(gè)帽子很漂亮，但我戴著它不好看。空格前后內(nèi)容之間存在轉(zhuǎn)

4、折關(guān)系，故用 but 。答案：6 10 BADDA6. Julie takes good care of the family dog. She is than her brother.A.patientB.more patientC.most patientD.the most patient解析：由句子中的“than her brother ”可推知，此處要用 patient 比較級(jí)。7. Samwith his friends every weekend.A. skatesB. is skating C. has skated D. was skating解析：由時(shí)間狀語“every w

5、eekend ”可推知，句子要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。8. Tom, what s your dad doing? He my bike.A. repairs B. willrepair C. has repairedD. is repairing解析：問句句意：湯姆，你爸爸正在做什么？由問句可知，答句要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。9. Our school life a lot since 2017. We have more activities now.A. changes B. changed C. willchangeD. haschanged解析：由句子中的時(shí)間狀語“since 2017 ”可推知，句子要

6、用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。10. If you want to visit the Palace Museum, Itickets for you tomorrow.A. will book B. booked C. have booked D. was booking解析：在if 引導(dǎo)的條件句中，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主句用一般將來時(shí)。答案： 11 12 CB11. My advice on how to save paperby my class last Monday.A. accepts B. acceptedC. was accepted D. is accepted解析：由句子中的時(shí)間狀語“ la

7、st Monday ”可推知，句子要用一般過去時(shí)。12. 一 Did you noticein her office?Yes. She was going over our writing.A. what was Miss Lin doingB. what Miss Lin was doingC. what does Miss Lin doD. what Miss Lin does解析：由答句可推知，問句要用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)；又由空格處的內(nèi)容在句子中作 notice的賓語，如果賓語時(shí)句子，則要用陳序語序，故選 Bo二、完形填空（共8分，每小題1分）閱讀下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后從短文后各題所給的

8、A B、C D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選 擇最佳選項(xiàng)。Run for Class PresidentTwo months ago, when our class election（選舉）started, I decided to run for classpresident. I enjoyed speaking in public and got along well with people, so I felt it easy to win. But I was13 that people would feel bad for me if I lost.I was busy preparing in

9、the following week. My plan wasn' t to make promises to dothings I couldn ' t 14 but to show myclass why I wanted to be president. I put up my posters in hallways and in the classroom. I also spent three hours writing my speech, saying that I was the onethey could turn to whenever they had a

10、 problem. Since I was 15 prepared, I felt that my chances ofwinning were strong.However, when I gave my speech on Election Day, the response（反應(yīng)）wasn' t what I had 16. Few people actually listened. When it was my opponent' s（對(duì)手的）turn,everyone was screaming his name. His speech was short, but

11、all to the point.By then, I realized I should have made mine shorter and clearer.It was obvious who would 17 . For the rest of the day, I felt like it was over.I wanted to just go home and cry, but I made it through.My 18 was right: I didn' t win.The next day, people were still talking about the

12、 election. I just pretended（假裝）not to hear. But later, things got better. People 19 about the election and talked to me just as they did before.I don' t regret putting time and energy into the election because I ' ve learned that things aren' t always going the way I expect. And moments

13、of failure like this build 20since then I ' ve learned to face disappointment and grown stronger.答案：1315 BCA13. A. bored B. afraid C. excited D. hopeful解析：結(jié)合語境及短文倒數(shù)第二段可推知，此處指“我”害怕選舉失敗后，人們對(duì)我的感 覺會(huì)不好。14. A. compare B. rememberC. manage D. repeat解析：結(jié)合空格前后的內(nèi)容可推知，此處指“我”不會(huì)去承諾我不能完成的事。compare意為"比較&q

14、uot;，remember意為"記住"，manage意為“完成（困難的事）；勉力完成"，repeat 意為“重復(fù)”。15. A. fully B. quickly C. freshly D. physically解析：結(jié)合上文內(nèi)容可推知，“我”為這次選舉做了充分的準(zhǔn)備。fully 意為“充分地”，quickly 意為“訊速地"，freshly 意為“剛剛；新近" ，physically 意為“身體上”。答案：1620 DDBAC16. A. feared B. faced C. mentionedD. pictured解析：結(jié)合第二段“我”的準(zhǔn)

15、備以及下文人們對(duì)“我”和“我”的對(duì)手演講的不同表現(xiàn)可 推知，（人們）的反應(yīng)并不是我曾經(jīng)想象的那樣。fear意為“害怕”，face意為“面對(duì)”，mention意為"提到"，picture 意為"想象；設(shè)想”。17. A. insist B. return C. waitD. win解析：結(jié)合第三段人們對(duì)“我”和“我”的對(duì)手演講的不同表現(xiàn)以及下文中的“I wanted tojust go home and cry, but I made it through.”可推知，此處指誰將會(huì)贏（得選舉）是很明顯的。18. A. suggestionB. predictionC.

16、 direction D. introduction解析：結(jié)合第四段內(nèi)容以及下文“ I didn' t win”可推知，此處指“我”的預(yù)測(cè)是正確的， 我沒有贏。suggestion意為"建議"，prediction 意為"預(yù)測(cè)"，direction 意為"方向” introduction 意為“介紹"。19. A. forgot B. wrote C. cared D. discussed解析：結(jié)合下文"talked to me just as they did before”可推知，此處指人們似乎已經(jīng)忘記了選舉的事

17、兒了。20. A. trust B. prideC. character D. support解析：結(jié)合下文 “since then I ' ve learned to face disappointment and grown stronger ” 可推知，此處指像這樣的失敗時(shí)刻培養(yǎng)了我的性格。trust意為“信任”，pride意為“驕傲”，character意為"性格"，support意為"支持"。閱讀理解（共36分）三、閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選擇最佳選項(xiàng)。（共26分，每小題2分）AExper

18、iencing ChinaMike, CanadaI spent three months with my host family（接待家庭 ）in China. It was a lifetimeexperience. I was able to experience Chinese living and culture, from basic Tai Chi to Beijing Opera. I even visited a famous traditional Chinese medicine hospital. Now I have a better understanding of

19、 Chinese culture.Joanna, AustraliaI stayed with my host family for five months. My host mother is a Chinese teacher and she is really warm-hearted. With her help, my Chinese has improved a lot.And I have got used to a new culture. Myfavorite part of the experience was sharing my feelings in China wi

20、th her.Bill, AmericaMy host mother is a wonderful cook! She makes me all kinds of traditional Chinese dishes. They are tasty and I like them very much. Just like me, my host parents love to learn about different cultures. They often ask me questions about life in America.Cindy, GermanyRecently I too

21、k part in a program to study Chinese. I lived with a host family in China for six months. My host sister is a really hardworking student. It was amazing to see how she made progress in English. And a close relationship has developed between us.21 23 ACD21. Who visited a traditional Chinese medicine

22、hospital?A. Mike. B. Joanna. C. Bill. D. Cindy.解析：由“ Mike, Canada ”部分的第四句可知答案。22. How long did Joanna stay with her host family in China?A. Three months.B. Four months.C. Five months.D. Six months.解析：由"Joanna, Australia "部分的第一句可知答案。23. Cindy thinks her host sister is.A. a wonderful cookB.

23、a responsible doctorC. a warm-hearted teacherD. a hardworking student解析：由“Cindy, Germany ”部分的第三句可知答案。BBlue Lightninggo-kartSally loved cars more than anything else. This spring she thought of building a go-kart to enter for the Go-Go Race. So she asked her dad for help.“Well, " he said. "H

24、ow about this: you do some research first and then come backto me with a design. ”A week later, Sally brought her notes and drawings to Dad. She named her go-kart “Blue Lightning ” . Dad looked over her work, thinking. "Well, that ' s interesting, ' he said. "Have a try. Just build

25、 Blue Lightning asyou' ve designed.”O(jiān)ver three weekends of hard work, Sally turned her design into a real, working go-kart and painted it light blue. Dad asked her to take it for a test drive. Sally agreed.After she did that, Sally drove back to Dad."Well, " she said. "No w I know

26、 whyyou wanted me to have a test drive. ”“Oh, do you?” he said. "Please share.”“WhenI drove fast, there was a lot of pushback,“ she said. "I think it ' s because of the lightning bolt （閃電）shape.”“Very good! ” Dad said.“So, why didn ' t you tell me about that problem in the first pl

27、ace?” Sally asked.Dad laughed."Where' s the fun in that? If you give a man a fish, he' ll eat fora day. But if you teach a man to fish, he' ll eat for a lifetime. ”Sally said, "I see. Anyway, designing is half the fun !”Dad smiled. "Good. Sometimes, learning happens during

28、 the process. We learn howto do something right by doing it a few times first and making mistakes along the way.That encouraged Sally and she worked even harder. Whenshe showed Dad her new go-kart, he nodded with pride.Finally came the race. Sally wasnt worried about whether she would winin hermind,

29、 she had already won, by building something better than ever before.答案：24 26 BAD24. Sally thought of building a go-kart to.A. practice drivingB. enter for a raceC. play with friendsD. do some research解析：由第一段第二句可知答案。25. What did Sally s dad ask her to do after she built the go-kart?A. To have a test

30、drive.B. To take a good rest.C. To give it a cool name.D. To paint it light blue.解析：由第四段的第一、二句可知答案。26. Sally s story mainly tells us that .A. winning a race is importantB. fishing brings us a lot of funC. driving experience is necessaryD. learning happens during the process解析：通讀全文可推知，Sally 在制作 go-ka

31、rt 的過程中學(xué)到了很多東西，故選D。CSometimes it seems that time is flying. Perhaps it doesn t need to feel thisway. Our experience of time can be possibly changed. By understanding the psychological（ 心理學(xué)的） processes behind our different experiences of time, wemight be able to slow down time a little.One basic law

32、of psychological time is that time seems to slow down when we reexposed（ 接觸 ） to new environments and experiences. The law is caused by the relationship between our experience of time and the amount of information our minds process. The more information our minds take in, the slower time seems to pa

33、ss.It follows, then, that we have different experiences of time in different situations.In some situations, our life is full of new experiences. Our minds process a lotof information and time seems to slow down. In other situations, we have fewer new experiences and the world around us becomes more

34、and more familiar（ 熟悉的 ）. Webecome insensitive to our experience, which means we process less information, and time seems to speed up.How can we slow down time? Here are two suggestions.Firstly, since we know that familiarity makes time pass faster, we can expose ourselves to as many new experiences

35、 as possible. We can give ourselves new challenges, meet new people, and expose our minds to new information, hobbies and skills. This will increase the amount of information our minds process and expand（ 增 加 ） our experience of time.Secondly, and perhaps most effectively, we can give our whole atte

36、ntion to an experience-to what we are seeing, feeling, tasting, smelling or hearing. This means living through our senses rather than through our thoughts. For example, on the way home, focus your attention outside of yourself, instead of thinking about the problems you have to deal with. Look at th

37、e sky, or at the buildings you pass, traveling among them. This open attitude to your experiences helps take in more information and also has a time-expanding effect.To a certain degree, we can understand and control our experience of time passing. It s possib le for us to slow down time by expandin

38、g our experience of time.答案：27 29 BCA27. According to the writer, we can expand our experience of time by .A. going to bed on timeB. traveling to new placesC. having dinner as usualD. printing the same materials解析：由第三段后以及由第五段尤其是其的第一句可推知，我們可以通過去新的地方旅行 來增加我們對(duì)時(shí)間的體驗(yàn)。28. What can we learn from the passag

39、e?A. Being familiar with the world around helps us get more information.B. Understanding psychological time makes life pass more quickly.C. We can take in more information by living through our senses.D. We should build a stronger relationship between time and us.解析：由第三段的后兩句和第一段最后一句可推知，A、 B 這兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)與文意

40、不符。通讀全B項(xiàng)正確。文可推知，D項(xiàng)文中并未提及。由倒數(shù)第二段尤其是其最后一句可推知29. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. Slow Down TimeB. Only Time Will TellC. Race Against TimeD. Time Will Not Comc Twice解析：通讀全文可推知，文章主要是關(guān)于“讓時(shí)間變慢”的。How Much Can We Afford to Forget?In 2018, Science magazine asked some young sc

41、ientists what schools should teach students. Most said students should spend less time memorizing facts and have more space for creative activities. As the Internet grows more powerful, students can access（獲彳導(dǎo)）knowledge easily. Why should they be required to carry so much of it around in their heads

42、?Civilizations（ 文明）develop through forgetting life skills that were once necessary. In the Agricultural（ 農(nóng)業(yè)的）Age, a farmer could afford to forget hunting skills.When societies industrialized, the knowledge of farming could be safe to forget.Nowadays, smart machines give us access to most human knowl

43、edge. It seems that we no longer need to remember most things. Does it matter?Researchers have recognized several problems that may happen. For one, humanbeings have biases（偏見），and smart machines are likely to increase our biases. Many people believe smart machines are necessarily correct and object

44、ive, but machines are trained through a repeated testing and scoring process. In the process, humanbeings still decide on the correct answers.Another problem relates to the ease of accessing information. When there were no computers, efforts were required to get knowledge from other people, or go to

45、 the library. We know what knowledge lies in other brains or books, and what liesin our heads. But today, the Internet gives us the information we need quickly. This can lead to the mistaken belief the knowledge we found was part of what we knew all along.In a new civilization rich in machine intell

46、igence, we have easy access to smartmemory networks where information is stored. But dependency on a network suggests possibilities of being harmed easily. Thecollapse of any of the networks ofrelations our well-being（ 健康）depends upon, such as food and energy, would produce terrible results. Without

47、 food we get hungry; without energy we feel cold. And itis through widespread loss of memory that civilizations are at risk of falling into a dark age.We forget old ways to free up time and space for new skills. As long as the older forms of knowledge are stored somewhere in our networks, and can be

48、 found when we need them, perhaps they ' re not really forgotten. Still, as time goes on, we gradually but unquestionably become strangers to future people.答案：3033 BCAD30. Why are smart machines likely to increase our biases?A. Because they go off course in testing and scoring.B. Because we cont

49、rol the training process on them.C. Because we offer them too much information.D. Because they overuse the provided answers.解析：由第二段后兩句可推知，通過重復(fù)的測(cè)試和挑選過程，智能機(jī)器被訓(xùn)練，而在這個(gè) 過程當(dāng)中，人類依然決定著什么會(huì)是正確答案，因此，當(dāng)我們通過智能機(jī)器獲取知識(shí)時(shí)， 機(jī)受這些“由人類決定的正確答案”的影響，偏見就有可能會(huì)增多。31. The ease of accessing information from the Internet.A. frees u

50、s from making efforts to learn new skillsB. prevents civilizations from being lost at a high speedC. misleads us into thinking we already knew the knowledgeD. separates the facts we have from those in the smart machines解析：由第四段后兩句可推知，通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)知曉信息的便利會(huì)誤導(dǎo)我們認(rèn)為我們找到的信 息就是我們一直以來都知道的信息的一部分。32. The word “ collap

51、se " in Paragraph 5 probably means.A. a sudden failureB. the basic ruleC. a disappointing startD. the gradual development解析：結(jié)合畫線詞所在句以及其上一句可推知，此處指我們健康所依靠的網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的任何一 個(gè)突然崩潰或垮掉了，都會(huì)產(chǎn)生很糟糕的后果。collapse意為“崩潰；垮掉”。33. What is the writer ' s main purpose in writing this passage?A. To question about the st

52、andards ofinformation storage.B. To discuss our problems of communication with machines.C. To stress the importance of improving our memorizing ability.D. To remind us of the risk of depending on machines to remember.解析：通讀全文可知，作者主要講的是用機(jī)器記信息可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生的不良影響或后果，故D項(xiàng)符合題意。四、閱讀短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答問題。（共10分，每小題2分）Huge Wav

53、es Destroying Arctic Ice Faster than ExpectedIce covers much of the Arctic Ocean（北冰洋）.Some pieces of ice are huge, like moving islands. As temperatures have increased, however, some of the ice has begun to disappear. Scientists have discovered huge waves（海浪）in the arctic waters.The waves were discov

54、ered by accident in May, 2010. Scientist Aleksey Marchenko and his students set out on a trip. They wanted to study the icy waters.On May 2, the ship traveled east and stopped next to a large chunk of ice around50 miles from the small island of Hopen. Marchenko prepared to lead his students out onto

55、 the ice.“Wewere ready to go but when I went out, I discovered many cracks（ 裂縫）around,he remembers.He decided to move the ship deeper into the ice to keep safe. The farther in they went, he thought, the harder the ice would become. As they pushed forward, however, the ship experienced small waves, a

56、nd then bigger ones. Soon, the waves broke up the ice around the ship into thousands of smaller pieces.Within an hour, Marchenko and his team saw a wave that was about 13 feet high.The ship s navigation（ 航行 ） system finally recorded the largest waves. They were more than 20 feet in height. The waves

57、 were so strong that they forced huge pieces of ice to jump up and down, breaking the ice into smaller pieces within just one hour. Scientists had never imagined that the process could happen so fast. The waves in these areas used to be small.The speed and force of the huge waves there makes it impo

58、ssible to know in advance when they are coming. That could be dangerous for navigators and local communities who are unprepared for huge waves or depend on sea ice to protect them. Wildlife like polar bears and walruses that depend on sea ice to live is also in danger.Somescientists think people will soon see even bigger waves in these icy waters. As waves break up ice, the seas will become more open, and the waves will get even stronger. There are stormy times ahead.34. When did Marchenko and his stude