狀語(yǔ)從句(9種

1、1 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since , till, until 特殊引導(dǎo)詞：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner than, hardly when, scarcely when I didnt realize how special my mother was until I became an adult. While John wa

2、s watching TV, his wife was cooking. The children ran away from the orchard(果園), the moment they saw the guard. No sooner had I arrived home ,then it began to rain. Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble. 2 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：where 特殊引導(dǎo)詞：wherever, anywhere, everywhere Generally, air will be

3、 heavily polluted where there are factories. Wherever you go, you should work hard. 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句 §4地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句 (adverbial clause of place) 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句一般由連接副詞where, wherever等引導(dǎo)，已經(jīng)形成了固定的句型，例如： 句型1：Where地點(diǎn)從句，（there）主句。 【注意】此句型通常譯成“哪里哪里就”；主句在從句后面時(shí)，there可用可不用；如果主句在從句的前面時(shí)，一般都不用there。例如： Where there is no rain, farmi

4、ng is difficult or impossible.在沒(méi)有雨水的地方，耕作是困難的，或根本不可能的。 They were good persons. Where they went, there they were warmly welcomed. 他們都是好人。因此他們走到哪里都受到熱烈歡迎。 You should have put the book where you found it. 你本來(lái)應(yīng)該把書(shū)放回原來(lái)的地方。 Where the Communist Party of China goes, there the people are liberated.哪里有了中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨，

5、哪里人民得解放。 句型2：Anywhere/ wherever地點(diǎn)從句，主句。 【注意】anywhere本身是個(gè)副詞，但是，?？梢砸龑?dǎo)從句，相當(dāng)于連詞，意思相似于wherever, anywhere引導(dǎo)的從句可位于主句之前，也可以位于主句之后。 而wherever本身就是個(gè)連詞，表示“在何處，無(wú)論何處”。例如： Wherever the sea is , you will find seamen.有海就有海員。 3 回答者： 快樂(lè)如 3 原因狀語(yǔ)從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：because, since, as, for 特殊引導(dǎo)詞：seeing that, now that, in that, consi

6、dering that, given that. My friends dislike me because Im handsome and successful. Now that everybody has come, lets begin our conference. The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more. 4 目的狀語(yǔ)從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：so that, in order that 特殊引導(dǎo)詞：lest, in case, for fear th

7、at，in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them. The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly. 5 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：so that, such that, 特殊引導(dǎo)詞：such that, to the de

8、gree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that, He got up so early that he caught the first bus. Its such a good chance that we must not miss it. To such a degree was he excited that he couldnt sleep last night. 6 條件狀語(yǔ)從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：if, unless, 特殊引導(dǎo)詞：as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, s

9、upposing that, in case that, on condition that Well start our project if the president agrees. You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying. Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here. 7 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：though, although, even if, even though 特殊引導(dǎo)詞： as(用在讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中必須要倒裝

10、)，while ( 一般用在句首 )，no matter ， in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever Much as I respect him, I cant agree to his proposal. 盡管我很尊敬他， 我卻不同意他的建議。 The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough. No matter how hard he tried, she co

11、uld not change her mind. He wont listen whatever you may say. 8 比較狀語(yǔ)從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：as(同級(jí)比較), than(不同程度的比較) 特殊引導(dǎo)詞：the more the more ; just as ， so; A is to B what /as X is to Y; no more than; not A so much as B She is as bad-tempered as her mother. The house is three times as big as ours. The more you exerc

12、ise, the healthier you will be. Food is to men what oil is to machine. 食物之于人，猶如油之于機(jī)器。 9 方式狀語(yǔ)從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：as, as if, how 特殊引導(dǎo)詞：the way When in Rome, do as the Roman do. She behaved as if she were the boss. Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.三、條件狀語(yǔ)從句要點(diǎn)： 表示狀語(yǔ)從句由連詞if, unless (

13、=if not) 引導(dǎo)。 1.If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will go hiking. 如果明天不下雨, 我們就去遠(yuǎn)足. 2.You will get good grades if you study hard. 如果你努力學(xué)習(xí),就會(huì)取得好成績(jī). 3.I will go to the party unless he goes there too. 我會(huì)去參加聚會(huì)的, 除非他也去.(如果他不去,我就去.) 4.You will be late unless you leave immediately. 如果你不馬上走,你將會(huì)遲到的.(=If you dont

14、leave immediately, you will be late.) 難點(diǎn)提示：用條件狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)要注意時(shí)態(tài)的正確使用,當(dāng)主句是將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)候,從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí). lHe will not leave if it isnt fine tomorrow. 一般將來(lái)時(shí)， 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) lThey are going to have a picnic if it doesnt rain next week. 一般將來(lái)時(shí), 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí).難點(diǎn)because , since , as , for,辨析 1）because語(yǔ)勢(shì)最強(qiáng)，用來(lái)說(shuō)明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的問(wèn)題。當(dāng)原因是顯而易見(jiàn)的或已為人們

15、所知，就用as或 since。 I didnt go, because I was afraid. Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey. 2）由because引導(dǎo)的從句如果放在句末，且前面有逗 號(hào)，則可以用for來(lái)代替。但如果不是說(shuō)明直接原因，而是多種情況加以推斷，就只能用for。 He is absent today, becaus e / for he is ill. He must be ill, for he is absent today. 3) as和for的區(qū)別： 通常情況下，as引導(dǎo)的從句在

16、主句前，for引導(dǎo)的從句在主句后。例： As the weather is cold, I stay at home.（同義句） I stay at home, for the weather is cold.五、目的狀語(yǔ)從句要點(diǎn)： 目的狀語(yǔ)從句由連詞that, so that, sothat , in order that 引導(dǎo)。 1.so that 以至, 以便 Ill run slowly so that you can catch up with me. (目的) 我將慢慢跑以至你能趕上我。 I opened the window so that fresh air might com

17、e in. (目的) 我把窗戶打開(kāi)以使新鮮空氣可以進(jìn)來(lái)。 2.in order that=so that:為了 We shall let you know the details soon in order that you can/may make your arrangements. 不久我們將會(huì)讓你知道詳情,以便你們能夠做出安排。(目的) 3.despite prep. 不管, 盡管 = in spite of 不管六、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句要點(diǎn)：結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句由連詞( so )that, sothat, suchthat, so much/manythat引導(dǎo)。 1.sotha

18、t 如此以至于 The scientists report was so instructive that we were all very excited. 科學(xué)家的報(bào)告很有啟發(fā)性，我們感到很興奮。 He always studied so hard that he made great progress. 他總是那么努力，結(jié)果他取得了很大的進(jìn)步。 2. suchthat 如此。以至 Its such nice weather that all of us want to go to the park. 天氣是如此的好，我們大家都想去公園玩。 3.比較：so和 such 其規(guī)律由so與suc

19、h的不同詞性決定。such 是形容詞，修飾名詞或名詞詞組，so 是副詞，只能修飾形容詞或副詞。 so 還可與表示數(shù)量的形容詞many, few, much, little(這四個(gè)形容詞表多或表少時(shí))連用，形成固定搭配。 so foolishsuch a fool so nice a flowersuch a nice flower so many / few flowerssuch nice flowers so much / little money. such rapid progress so many peoplesuch a lot of people （ so many 已成固定搭

20、配，a lot of 雖相當(dāng)于 many，但 a lot of 為名詞性的，只能用such搭配。） sothat與suchthat之間的轉(zhuǎn)換既為 so與such之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。 The boy is so young that he cant go to school. He is such a young boy that he cant go to school 難點(diǎn) +形容詞或副詞 +形+a(an)+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 so +many 或few+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 +that +much或 little+不可數(shù)名詞 so that ,suchthat 都可以in order that兩者皆可引導(dǎo)目的狀

21、語(yǔ)從句和結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句， 當(dāng)他們引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)里常常有can, could, may, might, will, would等次。 so +adj或adv.+ that， such +n.+ that 以上兩種句型都表示結(jié)果,其中so為副詞,后接形容詞，副詞原型，當(dāng)可數(shù)名詞前有many, few；不可數(shù)名詞前有much, little修飾時(shí)，應(yīng)采用句型：so many (few, much, little )+n. 。 such為形容詞, 后只能接名詞。這名詞既可以地可數(shù)的，也可以是不可數(shù)的。如果這名詞是可數(shù),單數(shù),則必須在名詞前加冠詞a(an). 常見(jiàn)的形式是:such a (

22、beautiful)garden, such(nice)people. 1。Ive had so many falls that Im black and blue all over. 我跌了很多跤，渾身數(shù)摔得清一塊紫一塊. 2。there are so few notebooks that I cant give you any. 筆記本太少了,我一本也給不了你. 3。It is such nice weather that Id like to take a walk. 天氣是如此只好,以至于我想去散散步. 4。Mike is so honest a man that we all bel

23、ieve him. 麥克是如此誠(chéng)實(shí)的一個(gè)人,以至于大家都相信他 (=Mike is such an honest man that we all believe him.) 5。The weather is so nice that Id like to take a walk. 天氣是如此只好,以至于我想去散散步.七、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句要點(diǎn): 表示讓步的狀語(yǔ)從句由連詞 though, although引導(dǎo). 難點(diǎn)： lthough, although當(dāng)雖然講, 都不能和but連用. Although,(though)but的格式是不對(duì)的.但是他們都可以同yet (still) 連用. 所以thou

24、gh (although)yet(still)的格式是正確的. Wrong: Although he is rich but he is not happy. Right : Although he is rich, yet he is not happy. 雖然他很富有, 然而他并不快樂(lè). Right : Although we have grown up, our parents treat us as children. Right : Although we have grown up, our parents still treat us as children. 盡管我們已經(jīng)長(zhǎng)大了

25、,可是我們的父母仍把我們看作小孩. although, though 辨析 although 不能though 那樣用作副詞, 放在句末表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)要用even though. 1。He is looking fit, though. 但是,他看上去很健康. 考點(diǎn) 2。Even though I didnt under a word, I kept smiling. 盡管我一個(gè)字也不懂，我還是一直微笑著。 3。He is quite experienced, he is young, though. 盡管他很年輕，他很有經(jīng)驗(yàn)。 典型例題 1） _she is young, she knows q

26、uite a lot. A. WhenB. HoweverC. AlthoughD. Unless 答案：C。意為雖然她很年輕，卻知道許多。 2)as, though 引導(dǎo)的倒裝句 as / though引導(dǎo)的讓步從句必須表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)提前（形容詞、副詞、分詞、實(shí)義動(dòng)詞提前）。 Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do. = Though he was a small child, he knew what was the right thing to do. 注意： a.句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞。 b.句首是實(shí)義

27、動(dòng)詞，其他助動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)后。如果實(shí)義動(dòng)詞有賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)，隨實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起放在主語(yǔ)之前。 Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily. = Though he tries hard, he never seems 雖然他盡了努力，但他的工作總做的不盡人意。 3)ever if, even though.即使 Well make a trip even though the weather is bad. 4) whetheror-不管都 Whether you believe it or not, it

28、 is true. 5)"no matter +疑問(wèn)詞" 或"疑問(wèn)詞+后綴ever" No matter what happened, he would not mind. Whatever happened, he would not mind. 替換：no matter what = whatever no matter who = whoever no matter when = whenever no matter where = wherever no matter which = whichever no matter how = howev

29、er 注意：no matter 不能引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句和賓語(yǔ)從句。 （錯(cuò)）No matter what you say is of no use now. （對(duì)）Whatever you say is of no use now. 你現(xiàn)在說(shuō)什么也沒(méi)用了。(Whatever you say是主語(yǔ)從句) （錯(cuò)）Prisoners have to eat no matter what theyre given, （對(duì)）Prisoners have to eat whatever theyre given.囚犯?jìng)冎荒芙o什么吃什么。 八、比較狀語(yǔ)從句要點(diǎn)：比較狀語(yǔ)從句主要運(yùn)用于形容詞和副詞的原級(jí)，比較級(jí)及最高

30、級(jí)的句子之中。 原級(jí)1. asas 和。一樣 Jack is as tall as Bob. 捷克和湯姆一樣高。 2. not so(as)as 和不一樣 She is not so(as)outgoing as her sister. 她不如她姐姐外向。 比較級(jí)morethan (更) This book is more instructive than that one. 這本書(shū)比那本書(shū)由教育意義。 最高級(jí)1.The mostin/of This book is the most interesting of the three. 這本書(shū)是三本中最有趣的。 2. the + 形容詞+est

31、of/in This road is the busiest street in our city. 這條路是我們城市最繁忙的街道。 知識(shí)擴(kuò)展no more than只不過(guò)(嫌少的意思) 1。I have no more than two pens. 我只有兩支筆。 2。Its no more than a mile to the shops. 去商店不過(guò)一英里。 not more than不如。；(前者不如后者) 1。Jack is not more diligent than John. 捷克不如約翰勤奮。 2。one of the + 名詞(復(fù)數(shù)).之一(用于最高級(jí)) Han Mei i

32、s one of the best students in our school. 韓梅是我們學(xué)校最好的學(xué)生之一。 九、方式狀語(yǔ)從句方式狀語(yǔ)從句通常由as, (just) asso, as if, as though引導(dǎo)。 1） as, (just) asso引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句通常位于主句后，但在(just) asso結(jié)構(gòu)中位于句首，這時(shí)as從句帶有比喻的含義，意思是"正如"，"就像"，多用于正式文體，例如： 1。Always do to the others as you would be done by. 你希望人家怎樣待你，你就要怎樣待人。 2。A

33、s water is to fish, so air is to man. 我們離不開(kāi)空氣，猶如魚(yú)兒離不開(kāi)水。 3。Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds. 正如打掃房屋一樣，我們也要掃除我們頭腦中落后的東西。 2） as if, as though 兩者的意義和用法相同，引出的狀語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)多用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示與事實(shí)相反，有時(shí)也用陳述語(yǔ)氣，表示所說(shuō)情況是事實(shí)或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性較大。漢譯常作"仿佛似的"，"好像似的"，例如： 1。They compl

34、etely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed. 他們完全忽略了這些事實(shí)，就仿佛它不存在似的。（與事實(shí)相反，謂語(yǔ)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。） 2。He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting. 他那樣子就像被雷擊了似的。（與事實(shí)相反，謂語(yǔ)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。） 3。It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon. 看來(lái)天氣很快就會(huì)好起來(lái)。（實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性較大，謂語(yǔ)用陳述語(yǔ)氣。） 說(shuō)明：as if / as though也可以引導(dǎo)一個(gè)分詞短語(yǔ)、不定式短語(yǔ)或無(wú)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，例如： 1。He stared at me as if