2015年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)選詞填空練習(xí)與答案解析

1、2015年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)選詞填空練習(xí)與答案解析Many a young person tells me he wants to be a writer. I always _1_ such people, but I also explain that theresa big difference between "being a writer" and writing. In most cases these individuals are dreaming of _2_ and fame, notthe long hours alone at a typewrite

2、r. "Youve got to want to write," I say to them, "not want to be a writer."The reality is that writing is a _3_, private and poor-paying affair. For every writer kissed by fortune there arethousands more whose longing is never _4_. When I left a 20-year career in the US. Coast Gua

3、rd to become a freelancewriter（自由撰稿人）, I had no _5_ at all. What I did have was a friend who found me my room in a New York apartment building. It didnt even matter that it was _6_and had no bathroom. I immediately bought a used manual typewriter and feltlike a _7_ writer.After a year or so, however

4、, I still hadnt gotten a break and began to _8_ myself. It was so hard to sell a storythat _9_ made enough to eat. But I knew I wanted to write. I had dreamed about it for years. I wasnt going to be one ofthose people who die wondering, what if? I would keeo putting my dream to the test-even though

5、it meant living with _10_and fear of failure. This is the Shadow land of hope, and anyone with a dream learn to live there.A) barelyB) genuineC) rewardedD) doubtE) lonelyF) povertyG) persuadeH) prospectsI) uncertaintyJ)impossiblyK) encourageL)awardedM) aloneN)wealthO)cold【答案】1.選K）。 此處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞的原形。可選項(xiàng)有dou

6、bt, persuade, encourage，但由always推知，作者是在鼓勵(lì)那些想要成為作家的人，而不是懷疑也不是說(shuō)服，故排除doubt和persuade而選encourage.2.選N）。由空格后的fame可知，此處應(yīng)填名詞?？蛇x項(xiàng)有prospects和wealth，但由dreaming of 與第二段中The reality ispoor-paying可推知，那些想當(dāng)作家的人夢(mèng)想的是金錢(qián)和名譽(yù)，而不是前途，故排除prospects而選wealth.3.選E）。此處應(yīng)填形容詞，private，poor-paying一起修飾affair.選項(xiàng)中有l(wèi)onely和alone，能修飾affai

7、r的只有l(wèi)onely，alone表示“孤獨(dú)的”時(shí)，通常作表語(yǔ)，故排除alone而選lonely.4.選C）。此處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)形式?？蛇x項(xiàng)有rewarded和awarded，前者可表示“（為所希望的舉動(dòng)得到的）回報(bào)”，后者作動(dòng)詞時(shí)表示“頒發(fā)，授予”，故只有rewarded符合題意而排除awarded.5.選H）。此處應(yīng)填名詞?！爱?dāng)我辭別了我在美國(guó)海岸警衛(wèi)隊(duì)20年工作成為一個(gè)自由撰稿人時(shí)，沒(méi)有任何可言”，可選項(xiàng)有prospects和wealth，但wealth一般指抽象意義上的“金錢(qián)”，因此排除wealth而選prospects“前途”。6.選O）。it指代的是apartment buildin

8、g，從had no bathroom可知這個(gè)公寓條件很差，選項(xiàng)中只有cold能說(shuō)明公寓的條件差，故選擇O）cold.7.選B）。“我馬上買(mǎi)了一臺(tái)舊的手動(dòng)打字機(jī)，感覺(jué)自己就好像是一個(gè)的作家”，由前面提到的to become a freelance writer可推知，此處作者是想成為一個(gè)真正的作家，故選項(xiàng)中只有g(shù)enuine“真正的”符合題意。8.選D）。由空格前的to可知，此處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞的原形。可選項(xiàng)有doubt，persuade，encourage，但由still hadn't gotten a break“在寫(xiě)作上還沒(méi)有任何進(jìn)展”，所以此處應(yīng)理解為他開(kāi)始懷疑自己的選擇是否正確，故do

9、ubt符合文意。9.選A）。that從句結(jié)構(gòu)完整，后面有made，故此處應(yīng)填副詞?？蛇x項(xiàng)有barely和impossibly，因that引導(dǎo)的從句是對(duì)story的解釋?zhuān)儆蒱ard一詞可推知，此處應(yīng)填的副詞應(yīng)表達(dá)肯定的意思，故排除impossibly而選barely“僅僅，剛剛”。10.選I）。由空格后的and可知，此處應(yīng)填名詞。由fear of failure可知，所填詞應(yīng)表示不好的境遇，可選項(xiàng)有poverty和uncertainty；又由fear可推知，此處強(qiáng)調(diào)的是生活的變化無(wú)常，而不是生活的貧困，故選uncertainty.Americans are proud of their var

10、iety and individualty, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform. Why are uniforms so _1_ in the United States?Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more _2_ than civilian（百姓的）clothes. People have become conditioned to _3_ supe

11、rior quality from a man who wears a uniform. The television repairman who wears a uniform tends to _4_ more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the _5_ of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. What an easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to

12、_6_ professional identity（身份）than to step out of uniform? Uniforms also have many _7_ benefits. They save on other clothes. They save on laundry bills. They are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes.Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the

13、 consequent loss of _8_ experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without _9_, until retirement. When people look alike, they tend to think, speak, and act _10_, on the job at least.AskillBpopularC

14、getDchangeEsimilarlyFprofessionalGcharacterHindividualityIinspireJdifferentlyKexpectLpracticalMrecallNloseOordinaryANSWERS：1.選B）。從文章的第一句they love and respect few thins more than a uniform“他們又無(wú)比熱愛(ài)和崇尚制服”，說(shuō)明了制服在美國(guó)很受歡迎。因此選項(xiàng)B）popular符合原文意思。選項(xiàng)中的professional“職業(yè)的”、practical“實(shí)用的”和ordinary“普通的，平常的”都不符合第一段的意思。

15、2.選F）。此處應(yīng)填形容詞。從morethan civilian clothes可知，此處要填的形容詞意思與civilian相對(duì)，說(shuō)明制服的特點(diǎn)。選項(xiàng)中的形容詞中只有professional“職業(yè)的”和civilian相對(duì)的，故F）正確。而pratical“實(shí)用的”和ordinary“平常的”意思都不能和civilian對(duì)應(yīng)，故排除。3.選K）。由be conditioned to do sth.“習(xí)慣于”可知，此處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞原形。從前面的look more“看起來(lái)更”和后面的tend to“傾向于”可知，這段要說(shuō)明的是人們的主觀印象，應(yīng)填入表示“期望（得到）”的單詞，只有K）expect符合原

16、文語(yǔ)氣。選項(xiàng)中g(shù)et“得到”與上下文的語(yǔ)氣不符合。4.選I）。此處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞原形。從原文中“人們習(xí)慣從穿制服的人那兒得到優(yōu)質(zhì)服務(wù)?！笨芍藗兏湃未┲品娜?，即制服能使人產(chǎn)生信任感。選項(xiàng)中的動(dòng)詞原形中只有inspire“使產(chǎn)生”符合文章。5.選A）。此處應(yīng)填名詞。前面兩句表達(dá)了人們對(duì)穿制服的人更加信任的意思，那么對(duì)于garage mechanic“汽車(chē)修理工”來(lái)說(shuō)，人們信任的是它的技術(shù)，而不是人品，故選項(xiàng)中只有A）skill符合原文意思。6.選N）。此處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞。.step out of uniform“脫掉制服”是對(duì)護(hù)士、警察等來(lái)說(shuō)是職業(yè)身份的很簡(jiǎn)單的方式。脫下制服就是失去了職業(yè)身份，由此可

17、以推知此處應(yīng)填N）lose.7.選L）。此處應(yīng)填形容詞，說(shuō)明制服的其他有點(diǎn)。從下文“節(jié)省購(gòu)買(mǎi)其他衣服的開(kāi)銷(xiāo)，節(jié)省洗衣費(fèi)用，比便服更舒適也更耐穿”可知，制服除了增加信任感還有實(shí)際的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。選項(xiàng)中的pratical“實(shí)用的”和ordinary“平常的”，很明顯L）pratical符合原文意思。8.選H）。此處應(yīng)填名詞。文章手段就說(shuō)“美國(guó)人為自己的多元化和個(gè)性化感到高傲無(wú)比，然而他們又無(wú)比熱愛(ài)和崇尚制服”，其中包含制服使他們失去自己的個(gè)性的意思，那么聯(lián)系第一段，此處指出的制服的缺點(diǎn)即為失去個(gè)性，故選項(xiàng)H）individuality正確。individuality強(qiáng)調(diào)與他人特點(diǎn)的區(qū)別，而characte

18、r指的是個(gè)人特定的內(nèi)在本質(zhì)。9.選D）。此處應(yīng)填名詞。前面說(shuō)制服讓人失去了個(gè)性，雖然有很多種制服，但穿上制服的人直至退休都是那件制服，所有是沒(méi)有變化的，故此處應(yīng)填change，故D）正確。10.選E）。此處應(yīng)填副詞，修飾動(dòng)詞act.前面指出.look alike, they tend to，說(shuō)明此處填的詞和alike意思相近。選項(xiàng)種副詞有similarly和differently，很明顯，E）similarly與alike意思相近，故選E）。What is it about Americans and food? We love to eat, but we feel 1 about it a

19、fterward. We say we want only the best, but we strangely enjoy junk food. We're 2 with health and weight loss but face an unprecedented epidemic of obesity（肥胖）. Perhaps the 3 to this ambivalence（矛盾情結(jié)）lies in our history. The first Europeans came to this continent searching for new spices but wen

20、t in vain. The first cash crop（經(jīng)濟(jì)作物）wasn't eaten but smoked. Then there was Prohibition, intended to prohibit drinking but actually encouraging more 4 ways of doing it.The immigrant experience, too, has been one of inharmony. Do as Romans do means eating what “real Americans” eat, but our nation

21、's food has come to be 5 by importspizza, say, or hot dogs. And some of the country's most treasured cooking comes from people who arrived here in shackles.Perhaps it should come as no surprise then that food has been a medium for the nation's defining struggles, whether at the Boston Te

22、a Party or the sitins at southern lunch counters. It is integral to our concepts of health and even morality whether one refrains from alcohol for religious reasons or evades meat for political.But strong opinions have not brought 7 . Americans are ambivalent about what they put in their mouths. We

23、have become 8 of our foods, especially as we learn more about what they contain.The 9 in food is still prosperous in the American consciousness. It's no coincidence, then, that the first Thanksgiving holds the American imagination in such bondage（束縛）. It's what we eatand how we 10 it with fr

24、iends, family, and strangersthat help define America as a community today.A. answerI. creativeB. resultJ. beliefC. shareK. suspiciousD. guiltyL. certaintyE. constantM. obsessedF. definedN. identifyG. vanishO. idealsH. adapted【答案及詳解】1.D feel是一個(gè)系動(dòng)詞，可以判斷此處應(yīng)填入一個(gè)形容詞，通過(guò)上下文意思，以及后面介詞about，可以確定選項(xiàng)為D項(xiàng)guilty，短語(yǔ)

25、feel guilty about sth. “對(duì)感到有愧”。全句的意思為“我們很愛(ài)吃，但是往往在吃完之后又有負(fù)罪感”。2.M be obsessed with為固定搭配，原意為“被附上/纏住/迷住心竅”，放在本句表示“十分重視”。全句的意思為“我們很關(guān)心健康和減肥，但肥胖卻又空前地在蔓延”。3.A 本句缺一個(gè)名詞作主語(yǔ)，并且根據(jù)和介詞to的搭配，可以推斷出正確選項(xiàng)answer.4.I 本句根據(jù)more和ways可以判斷出需要填入一個(gè)形容詞構(gòu)成比較級(jí)，根據(jù)上下文，表示“旨在禁止酗酒的禁酒令，卻激發(fā)了更多新奇的方法來(lái)酗酒”，可以確定I為正確選項(xiàng)。5.F 本題較難。根據(jù)be 和by 確定應(yīng)填入一個(gè)

26、過(guò)去分詞。再根據(jù)上下文，上文表示“應(yīng)該吃典型的美國(guó)人吃的食物”，下文通過(guò) but 轉(zhuǎn)折，表示實(shí)際上“美國(guó)的食物已經(jīng)被諸如比薩和熱狗這樣的舶來(lái)品所詮釋了”，因此可以確定F為正確選項(xiàng)。6.B 政治結(jié)果，可根據(jù)宗教原因religious reasons來(lái)推斷此處填政治結(jié)果。7.L 由于橫線后面沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ)，可以確定不是形成bring的短語(yǔ)，這樣本句所缺的為一名詞，做bring的賓語(yǔ)。根據(jù)下文解釋?zhuān)懊绹?guó)人對(duì)他們所吃的食物的態(tài)度是矛盾的”，可以推出本句意義為“堅(jiān)定的觀點(diǎn)也不是確定不變的”。因此可以確定L為正確選項(xiàng)。8.K 系動(dòng)詞become后應(yīng)填入一個(gè)形容詞，和后面介詞of形成短語(yǔ)be/become su

27、spicious of“對(duì)感到懷疑”。9.J 本句缺一個(gè)名詞作主語(yǔ)，并且根據(jù)和介詞in的搭配，可以推斷出正確選項(xiàng)belief，(have) belief in sth.“ 相信”。10.C 本句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，缺一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，且和with 搭配，確定選項(xiàng)為share, share sth. with sb.，“與某人分享某事”。As is known to all, the organization and management of wages and salaries are very complex. Generally speaking, the Accounts Department is

28、 _1_ for calculations of pay, while the Personnel Department is interested in discussions with the employees about pay.If a firm wants to _2_ a new wage and salary structure, it is essential that the firm should decide on a _3_ of job evaluation and ways of measuring the performance of its employees

29、. In order to be _4_, that new pay structure will need agreement between Trade Unions and employers. In job evaluation, all of the requirements of each job are defined in a detailed job description. Each of thsoe requirements is given a value, usually in "points", which are _5_ together to

30、 give a total value for the job. For middle and higher management, a special method is used to evaluate managers on their knowledge of the job, their responsibility, and their _6_ to solve problems. Because of the difficulty in measuring management work, however, job grades for managers are often de

31、cided without _7_ to an evaluation system based on points.In attempting to design a pay system, the Personnel Department should _8_ the value of each job with these in the job market. _9_, payment for a job should vary with any differences in the way that the job is performed. Where it is simple to

32、measure the work done, as in the works done with hands, monetary encouragement schemes are often chosen, for _10_ workers, where measurement is difficult, methods of additional payments are employed.AcompareBresponsibleCusefulDaddedEfindFreferenceGindirectHmethodIsuccessfulJcombinedKNecessarilyLcapa

33、cityMabilityNBasicallyOadopt【答案及詳解】1.選B）。此處應(yīng)填形容詞。原文意思為“會(huì)計(jì)部門(mén)計(jì)算報(bào)酬”，選項(xiàng)中的形容詞responsible“負(fù)責(zé)任的”，useful“有用的”，indirect“間接的”，successful “成功的”，其中indirect不能與for連用，排除；剩余幾項(xiàng)中只有B）responsible意義符合原句，其他均不符合，故排除。2.選O）。此處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞原形。本文主題就是采用一種新的工資和薪水制度時(shí)需要注意的問(wèn)題，選項(xiàng)中的動(dòng)詞原形有compare“比較”，find“找到”，adopt“采納”，分別帶入原文，只有adopt最符合原文意思，故選

34、O）。3.選H）。此處應(yīng)填名詞。從原文看，and連接并列結(jié)構(gòu)，所以要填的詞應(yīng)與and后面的ways意思一致，選項(xiàng)中的名詞只有mathod = ways，故選H）method.4.選I）。此處應(yīng)填形容詞。上文說(shuō)新的工資制度需要一套決定工作評(píng)估和衡量雇員表現(xiàn)的方法，說(shuō)的是制度“是否有用”的問(wèn)題。這句說(shuō)的時(shí)新的工資制度執(zhí)行過(guò)程中的問(wèn)題，勞資雙方先期達(dá)成一致是薪酬制度成功的必要條件。形容詞useful和 successful，I）seccessful更符合原文意思。5.選D）。此處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞。這個(gè)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)是point“分值”，把分值起來(lái)to give a total value “得出總分值”，選項(xiàng)中

35、有added和combined，前者指“把相加”，后者意為“把結(jié)合在一起”，原文指將分值相加得出總分，故D）added最符合文意。6.選M）。此處應(yīng)填名詞。首先solve problem“解決問(wèn)題”是經(jīng)理們應(yīng)具備的能力，選項(xiàng)中的capacity與ability都可以表示“能力”；前者強(qiáng)調(diào)的是理解的能力和接受事物的能力，而后者強(qiáng)調(diào)實(shí)際應(yīng)用的能力，故不難判斷解決問(wèn)題的能力應(yīng)該用M）ability.7.選F）。此處應(yīng)填名詞。前半句指出“因?yàn)楣芾砉ぷ骱茈y評(píng)估，經(jīng)理的工作得分不需要參照基于分值的評(píng)估系統(tǒng)決定?！眞ithout reference to為固定搭配，意思是“與無(wú)關(guān)”。故選F）referenc

36、e.8.選A）。此處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞原形。原句中出現(xiàn)了the value of each job“每種工作的價(jià)值”和these in the job market“工作市場(chǎng)上的（工作價(jià)值）”，說(shuō)明人事部門(mén)通過(guò)比較兩種價(jià)值來(lái)計(jì)算工資制度。選項(xiàng)中只有compare表示“比較”，所以A）正確。9.選K）。此處應(yīng)填副詞，修飾整句話?！皥?bào)酬要隨工作表現(xiàn)各方面的不同而有所改變”，選項(xiàng)中Necessarily“必須地”與Basically“基本地”為副詞，分別帶入原文，“報(bào)酬的變化是必須的”更符合上下文意思，故排除N），選K）。10.選G）。此處應(yīng)填形容詞。前文中提到一種情況即simple to measure t

37、he work done “易于評(píng)估的工作”，通常用現(xiàn)金獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)辦法；而.measurement is difficult“難于評(píng)估的”，說(shuō)明這些工作人員的工作不像手工工作那么直接，因而是間接的，故選項(xiàng)中只有G）indirect符合原句的意思。Videoconferencing is nothing more than a television set or PC monitor with a camera Through the videocenferencing, not only your voice but also your face, the surroundings and any

38、other graphic and phisical _1_ can be captured and transmitted through the communication system with or without wires. Of course, when you go into the details, the technology involved is very _2_ and the subject matter littered with jargon. Such as ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network), POTS (P

39、lain Old Telephone Service) or the _3_ behind bandwidth, latency and isochrony which are used to explain how videoconferencing works.Good people communication is _4_ in any business, and the more interaction you can achieve, the more likely it is that your _5_ will be the right ones. Videoconferenci

40、ng not only allows you to speak to people in different locations, but also note _6_ expressions and gestures that let you know what the other person is really thinking. Meetings are made more _7_ by sharing documents and computer applications that a simple telephone cannot _8_._9_, organizations are

41、 discovering the competitive advantages and the power of videoconferencing. With advances in performance, economical pricing, the ability to _10_ essential meeting tools and connectivity to global telephone networks and standardized videoconferencing protocols, videoconferencing is now a practical r

42、eality for any organization.A) fortunatelyB) effectiveC) imagesD) articulateE) facialF) manageG) decisionsH) connectI) advancedJ) integrateK) progressiveL) conceptsM)picturesN) increasinglyO) important【答案】1.選C）?？崭裰幸畹氖敲~，從后面的.can be captured and transmitted可以選出選項(xiàng)中images和pictures，pictures指“畫(huà)面，圖片”，一般指靜態(tài)的情景；而文中的意思表達(dá)的是實(shí)時(shí)的電視會(huì)議，畫(huà)面應(yīng)該是動(dòng)態(tài)的，images可以表示動(dòng)態(tài)的形象，畫(huà)面，故C）images正確。2.選I）。這里應(yīng)填形容詞，修飾the technology