給排水專業(yè)英語匯總.

1、UNIT1配水water distribution給水工程water supply engineering用水water use排水工程sewetage engineering污水wastewater市政工程civil engineering廢水a(chǎn)bwasser市政工程師civil engineer廢水收集wastewater collection環(huán)境工程environmental engineering廢水處理wastewater disposal水文學hydrology受納水體receiving waters水力學hydranlies污染pollutionpollute水環(huán)境natural

2、 aquatic environment污染物pollntant流域watershed玷污、污染contamination水體waterbody致污物contaminant地表水surface water未污染uncontaminated新鮮水freshwater水污染water pollution地下水groundwater水污染控制water pollution control含水層aquifer水污染防治water pollution prevention天然含水層natural aquifer污水回用wastewater reuse地下含水層underground aquiferUNI

3、T2水文循環(huán)natural hydrologic cycle水短缺water scarcity滲濾infiltration地表水資源surface water resource降水precipitation管網(wǎng)Pipe Network滲入precolation供水系統(tǒng)water supply system蒸發(fā)evaporation市政配水系統(tǒng)municipal distribution system蒸騰transpiration建筑給水系統(tǒng) house water supply system城市水文循環(huán)urban hydrologic cycle分區(qū)供水系統(tǒng)dual distribution

4、system水源water source小區(qū)micro district水資源water resource小社區(qū)small community取水water withdrawal冷水供水系統(tǒng)cold water supply system水處理water treatment熱水供水系統(tǒng)hot water supply system消防系統(tǒng)fire protection system噴淋系統(tǒng) fire protection sprinkler system 自動水幕系統(tǒng) automatic drencher system半自動水幕系統(tǒng)semi automatic drencher system消

5、火栓hydrant排水系統(tǒng)drainage system生活排水系統(tǒng)sanitary system工業(yè)排水系統(tǒng)industrial system雨水排水系統(tǒng)stormwater system合流制combined sewers分流制separate sewers建筑排水系統(tǒng)building drainage system衛(wèi)生潔具plumbing fixtures衛(wèi)浴設備bathroom fixtures輸水系統(tǒng)water transmission system漏水率leakage rate配水系統(tǒng)water distribution system環(huán)狀管網(wǎng)grid system支狀管網(wǎng)branc

6、hing system下水管道sanitary sewer污水節(jié)流管intercepting sewer污水節(jié)流系統(tǒng)intercepting sewer system污水節(jié)流井sewage intercepting cell支管collection sewercollector sewer生活污水sanitary sewagedomestic sewagedomestic wastewater1工業(yè)污水industrial wastewater工業(yè)污水 /液 /物industrialwastes農(nóng)業(yè)用水a(chǎn)gricultural wastewater/wastes雨水rainwaterstorm

7、water水位waterlevel海拔、標高elevation坡度grade傾斜度slope明渠Open channel開挖excavation深度excavation depth水力分析hydraulic analysis水頭pressure head總水頭total headUnit 3水頭損失Head loss速度頭 動壓頭 Velocity head 靜壓 Static head摩擦水頭Friction head水力坡度線Hydranlic grade line重力流Gravity flow水塔Water castle貯水箱Cistern泵站Pump station給水泵站W(wǎng)ater

8、pump station污水泵站Sewage station提升泵站Lift pumping plant增壓泵Booster pump離心泵Centrifugal pump飲用水Drink waterpotable water潛水泵Submer sible pump自來水Tap water潛水艇Submerine純水Pure water深井泵Well pump飲用水標準Drinking water standards虹吸 虹吸管Siphon飲用水一級標 Primary drinking water standards人孔Manhole最大允許濃度Maxmum permissible level

9、s法蘭Flangemaxmum allowable levels閥門Valve最大污染物濃度Maxmum contaminant levels閘閥Gate valve主要污染物Primary contaminants泵送系統(tǒng)Pumping system有機化合物Organic chemicals流量Flow rate合成有機化合物Synthetic organic chemicals流速Fluid velocity揮發(fā)性有機化合物Volatile organic ohemicals層流Laminar flow無機化合物Inorganic chemical滯流 粘性流viscous flow微生

10、物Micro organismsmicrobes過渡流Transitional flow微生物污染Microbial contaminants湍流Turbulent flow病原微生物Pathogenic micro organisms紊流Turbulence flow病原體Pathogenic渦流Eddying flow病毒Pathogenic bacterin雷諾數(shù)Teynolds number細菌Bacteria水質Water guality大腸桿菌Coliform bacteria水源Water sources病毒Viruses供水水源Water supples藻類Algae原水Raw

11、 water濁度Turbidity未處理水Untreated water放射性Radionuclide出水Finished water感官性狀Esthetic qualities原水水質Raw-water quality審美Esthetic水質標準Water quality standards味Taste水質要求Water quality requirements嗅Odo2色Colour堿度Alkalinity變色Discolouration鹽度Salinity變色Discolor有害物質Toxic and hazardous materials水 質 物 理 參 數(shù) Physical par

12、ametersof water氰化物Cyanidesquality急性毒性Acute toxity水的物理性質Physical quality of water慢性毒性Chronic toxity濁度值Turbidity values基因毒性Genetic toxicity濁度單位Turdidity unit基因Gene渾濁單位Turdid難降解有機化合物Refractoryorganic嗅閾值Threshold odor numberchemicals化學性質Chemical quality永久性有機污染物Persistentorganic水質化學參數(shù) Chemical parameters

13、 of water quality pollutants溶解氧Dissolved oxygen (DO)致癌化學性Carcinogenic chemicals溶解氧濃度Do level三鹵甲烷Trihalo methanes溶解氧平衡Do balance鹵素Halogen氧損Oxygen depletion甲基Methyl有機污染物Organic pollutant氯仿Trichloromethane生化需氧量Biochemical oxygendemand三氯甲烷Chloroform(BOD)殺蟲劑 農(nóng)藥Pesticide總氮Total nitrogen (TN)害蟲Pest總凱式氮Tota

14、l Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN)殺蟲劑Insecticide懸浮固體Suspended solids (SS)除草劑Herbicide總懸浮固體Total suspended solids (TSS)殺菌劑Germicide溶解Dissolved(DS)細菌Germ總溶解Total dissolved (TDS)防腐劑PreservativeUnit 4保證Preserve溶解的鐵和錳Dissolved iron and manganese清洗劑Cleaning agent硬度Hardness洗滌劑Detergent發(fā)泡劑Foaming agent泡沫Foam化肥Fertil

15、izer肥沃的Fertile富營養(yǎng)化Eutrophication營養(yǎng)的Trophic營養(yǎng)水平Trophic level生態(tài)位NicheUnit 5原污水Raw sewage原廢水Raw wastes處理水Treated wastes回用水Redaimed water水處理過程 Water processing 收集 Collect處置Dispose處理方法Treatment method處理費用Treatment costs處理單元Treatment process運行模式Operational mode間歇處理方式 Batch treatment approach 均勻 均化 Equaliz

16、ation 均勻 Equalize調蓄水池 Equalization storage 調節(jié)池 Equalization tank蓄水池Storage tank降解Degrade分解Decompose3分離Separate隔離Separation物理法Physical process物理處理Physical treatment物理處理過程Physical treatment process一級處理Primary treatment初步處理Preliminary treatment格柵 篩濾Screening格柵Screen格柵Bar screen柵條Bars鋼柵條Steel bars渣耙Clea

17、ning rakes圓形破碎機Circular grinder破碎Grind除砂Degritting砂 Grit沙 Sand除砂Grit removal沉砂池Grit chamber沉淀Settling沉淀池Settling tank澄清池Clarifier初澄清池Primary clarifier初沉池Primary settling tank一級出水Primary effluent二級處理Secondary treatment二級處理工藝Secondary treatment process生物處理Biological treatment二澄清池Secondary clarifier二沉池

18、Secondary settling tank最終澄清池Final clarifier最終沉淀池Final settling tank二級出水Secondary effluent三級處理Tertiary treatment深度處理Advanced treatment廢水消毒W(wǎng)aste disinfection出流出水Effluent flow允許濃度Allowable levels優(yōu)異出水High-quality polished effluent廢水處理廠Wastewater treatment plant污水處理廠Sewage treatment plant二級處理廠Secondary t

19、reatment plant城市污水處理Municipal wastewater treatment市政工程Municipal engineering土木工程Civil engineering城市污水處理廠Municipal wastewater treatment plant 污水處理能力 Sewage treatment capacity 電容 Capacitance污水處理設施Municipal treatment facilities多反應器設施Multi-reactor facility處理池Treatment tank負荷Load負荷Loadings水力負荷Hydrautic lo

20、ading污染負荷Pollutant load有機負荷Organic load無機負荷Inorganic load不含化肥、農(nóng)藥無機的Unorganic周期性負荷 Periodic(intermitlent) loading 第五部分： 物化處理1混凝n.coagulation混凝過程coagulation process化學混凝chemical coagulation凝聚n.aggregation絮凝n.flocculationv. flocculate異向絮凝perikinetic flocculation同向絮凝orthokinetic flocculation混凝劑n.coagulan

21、t混凝劑投量coagulant dosage燒杯實驗jar test最佳混凝劑投量optimum coagulant dosage助凝劑coagulant aid助凝劑flocculation aid聚電解質n.polyelectrolytes快速混合flash-mix ,rapid-mix快速混合器flash mixer ,rapid mixer混合池mixer tank快速混合池flash-mix tank4hydraulic backwashing hydraulic backwashhydraulic grading絮凝器n.flocculator撇去v.skim絮凝池floccula

22、tion tank浮渣n.scum浮渣槽scum trough固體接觸池solids-contact tank刮泥機sludge scraper澄清n.clarification排泥sludge drawoffv.clarifysludge withdrawal澄清池n.clarifier預沉淀n.presedimentation高負荷澄清池high rate clarifier預沉淀池presedimentation basin澄清水clarifying water3過濾n.filtration2沉淀n.sedimentation濾池n.filter沉降n.sedimentation慢濾池s

23、low filter自由沉降plain settling快濾池rapid filter擁擠沉降hindered settling高速（負荷）濾池high rate filter重力沉降gravity settling砂濾池sand filter沉淀池settling tank慢砂濾池slow sand filter沉淀池，沉降池sedimentation tank快砂濾池rapid sand filter矩形沉淀池rectangular settling tank重力濾池gravity filter圓形沉淀池circular settling tank壓力濾池pressure filter管式

24、沉淀池tube settler過濾介質，濾料filter medium斜管沉淀池steeply inclined tube settler石英砂silica sand板式沉淀池parallel-plate settler無煙煤n.anthracite板式沉淀池plate separator硅藻土diatomaceous earth氣浮n.floatation煤砂濾床coal-sand beds泡沫分離foam separation多層濾料multilayered media溶氣氣浮dissolved-air floatation混合濾料mixed media氣浮池floatation tank

25、雙層濾料濾池dual media filter表面撇渣裝置surface-skimming device雙層濾池two-layer filter粗濾料coarse media細濾料fine media助濾劑filter aid濾后水，濾出水filtered water濾后水，濾池出水filter effluent濾前水，濾池進水filter influent濁度穿透turbidity breakthrough過濾周期filter cycle清洗周期cleaning cycle刮砂法scraping method表面刮砂surface scraping反沖洗backwashing水力反沖洗水力反

26、沖洗水力分級4消毒n.disinfectionv. disinfect消毒劑n.disinfectantdisinfection agent殺菌劑n.germicide消毒過程disinfection process消毒副產(chǎn)物disinfection by-products氯化n.chlorinationv. chlorinate氯化水chlorinated water預氯化n.prechlorination氯 化 消 毒 副 產(chǎn) 物 by-products of chlorination5化學消毒劑 chemical disinfectants 液氯 liquid chlorine ,liq

27、uefied chlorine氯胺n.chloramines次氯酸鹽hypochlorites次氯酸鈉 sodium hypochlorite 二氧化氯 chlorine dioxide臭氧n.ozone臭氧化，臭氧消毒 n. ozonation 臭氧化 v. ozonate紫外線(UV)ultraviolet radiation (UV)伽馬射線gamma radiation滅活n.inactivationv. inactivate接觸時間contact time需氯量chlorine demand加氯量，投氯量chlorine dosage ,applied chlorine自由氯，游離氯

28、free chlorine ,free available chlorine 化合氯 combined chlorine剩余保護residual protection余氯residual chlorine折點氯化（法）breakpoint chlorination折點氯化曲線 breakpoint chlorination curve 折點加氯量 breakpoint dosage氯折點chlorine breakpoint壓力鋼瓶 pressured steel cylinder 臭氧發(fā)生器 ozone generator需臭氧量ozone demand剩余臭氧量ozone residual

29、剩余臭氧residual ozone致病微生物，病源微生物pathogenic microorganisms 病原體 n. pathogens致 病 細 菌 或 病 毒pathogenicbacteria orviruses細菌n.bacteria大腸桿菌coliform bacteria阿米巴氏菌amoebic cysts孢子，芽孢n.spores病毒n.viruses藻類n.algae原生動物tozoa高 級 氧 化 工 藝(AOP)advanced oxidationprocess高 級 氧 化 過 程(AOP)advanced oxidationprocess高級氧化技術(A

30、OT)advanced oxidation technology6吸附n.adsorption活性炭(AC)activated carbon粉末炭(PAC)powdered activated carbon粒狀炭(GAC)granular activated carbon顆?；钚蕴?(GAC)granular activated carbon活性炭纖維(ACF)activated carbon fiber再生n.regenerationv. regenerate吸附劑n.adsorbent吸附質n.adsorbate吸附塔，吸附柱adsorption column吸附床adsorption b

31、ed空床接觸時間empty bed contact time吸附帶mass transfer zone快速小柱試驗rapid small scale column test生物活性炭(BAC)biological activated余氯量chlorine residual自由余氯free residual chlorine自由氯余量free chlorine residual化合余氯combined residual chlorine化合氯余量combined chlorine residuals5氧化n.oxidationcarbon還原n.reduction氧化劑n.oxidant7離子交

32、換n.ion exchange強氧化劑strong oxidizing agent離子交換樹脂ion exchange resin高 級 氧 化 法(AOP)advanced oxidation離子交換器ion exchangerprocess6離子交換柱ion exchange column硬度n.hardness除硬hardness removal軟化n.softeningv. soften化學軟化chemical softening沉淀軟化precipitation softening除鹽，脫鹽n.desaltinationv.desalt去礦化n.demineralizationv.

33、demineralize離子交換軟化法ionexchange softeningprocess離 子 交 換 除 鹽 法ionexchange desaltingprocess復床combined bed混合床mixed bed8膜分離membrane separation微濾n.microfiltration超濾n.hyperfiltration納濾n.nanofiltration反滲透reverse osmosis滲透n.osmosis半透膜semipermeable membrane電滲析n.electrodialysis滲析n.dialysis9其它處理方法中和n.neutraliza

34、tionv. neutralize酸性廢水a(chǎn)cidic wastes化學沉淀chemical precipitation沉淀軟化precipitation softening電解n. electrolysis電除鹽 (EDI)n.electrodeionization吹脫、汽提法n.stripping冷卻n. cooling冷卻水cooling water冷卻塔cooling tower第六部分 生物處理生物反應器n. bioreactor微生物n.microorganismsn. microbes微生物種群microbial population混合群落mixed communities細菌

35、n.bacteria原生動物tozoa真菌n.fungi輪蟲n. rotifers生長n.growth繁殖n.reproduction世代時間generation time生長速率growth rates環(huán)境因子environmental factors生態(tài)因子ecological factors微生物生長動力學microbial growth kinetics1.遲滯期lag phase2. 對數(shù)生長期exponential-growth phase3. 減速生長期decling growth phase穩(wěn)定期stationary phase4.內源呼吸階段endogenous s

36、tage內源生長期endogenous growth phase內源呼吸endogenous respiration底物，基質n.substrate底物（基質）利用substrate utilization生物量n.biomass生物反應biological reaction生物氧化biological oxidation生物降解n.biodegradation生物降解性n.biodegradability生 物 可 降 解 的 ， 可 生 物 降 解 的a.biodegradable不可生物降解的a.nonbiodegradable生物處理biological treatment廢 水 生

37、物 處 理biologicalwastewatertreatment廢水生物處理系統(tǒng)biologicalwastewatertreatment system污 水 生 物 處 理 系 統(tǒng)biologicalsewagetreatment system7生物處理法biological treatment process好氧環(huán)境aerobic environment生物處理裝置biological treatment unit厭氧環(huán)境anaerobic environment串聯(lián)in series營養(yǎng)物n.nutrients懸浮生長處理法suspended-growth treatment無機營養(yǎng)

38、物inorganic nutrientsprocesses營養(yǎng)物去除nutrient removal生物固體biological solids營養(yǎng)物生物去除biological nutrient removal活性污泥activated sludge脫氮除磷nitrogen and phosphorus removal附著生長處理法attached-growth treatment生物硝化biological nitrificationprocesses硝化菌nitrifying bacteria附著的微生物attached microbes生物反硝化，生物脫氮biological denit

39、rification微生物附著生長attached microbial growth生物除磷biological phosphorus removal生物膜n. biofilm1活性污泥法activated sludge process代謝n.metabolism微生物n.microorganismsn. microbesv.metabolize細菌n.bacteria穩(wěn)定，穩(wěn)定化n. stabilization生物絮體biological flocv.stabilize微生物絮體microbial floc生物代謝biological metabolism活性污泥activated slud

40、ge微生物代謝microbial metabolism絮狀活性污泥flocculate-bacterial sludge好氧的a. aerobic回流活性污泥 (RAS)returned activated好氧菌aerobic bacteriasludge好氧微生物aerobic microorganisms回流污泥returned sludge好氧氧化aerobic oxidation回流污泥recycled sludge厭氧的a.anaerobic剩余污泥excess sludge厭氧菌anaerobic bacteria廢活性污泥(WAS)waste activated sludge厭氧

41、氧化anaerobic oxidation廢污泥waste sludge兼性的a. facultative曝氣池aeration tank兼性菌facultative bacteria曝氣池aeration basin曝氣池aeration chamber完全混合曝氣池completely mixedaerationbasin活性污泥池activated sludge tank曝氣n.aeration混合n.mixing曝氣系統(tǒng)aeration system曝氣器n.aerator壓縮空氣compressed air空氣壓縮機，空壓機air compressor鼓風機，風機n.blower循環(huán)

42、 /切換n. cycling/switchover擴散裝置，擴散器n. diffuser空氣擴散裝置，空氣擴散器air diffuser鼓泡空氣擴散裝置（擴散器）bubble airdiffuser微 氣 泡 擴 散 裝 置 （ 擴 散 器 ） fine-bubble diffuser擴散板plate diffuser擴散管tube diffuser擴散罩dome diffuser微 氣 泡 擴 散 曝 氣fine-bubblediffusedaeration微氣泡fine-bubble大氣泡coarse-bubble靜態(tài)混合器static mixer機械曝氣系統(tǒng) mechanical aer

43、ation systems 機械曝氣 mechanical aeration8表面曝氣surface aeration表面曝氣器surface aerator需氧量oxygen demand供氣量air supply氧轉移效率oxygen tansfer efficiency可沉降固體settleable solids揮發(fā)性固體volatile solids非揮發(fā)性固體nonvolatile solids揮發(fā)性懸浮固體(VSS)volatile suspendedsolids混合液mixed liquor混 合 液 懸 浮 固 體(MLSS)mixedliquorsuspended solid

44、s混 合 液 揮 發(fā) 性 懸 浮 固 體(MLVSS)mixedliquor volatile suspended solids污泥沉降比(SV)settling velocity污泥容積指數(shù)(SVI)sludge volume index比耗氧速率(SOUR)specific oxygen uptakerate污泥齡sludge age曝氣池容積aeration tank volume曝氣時間aeration period曝氣時間aeration time水力停留時間(HRT) hydraulic residence time水力負荷hydraulic loadingBOD 負荷BOD lo

45、ading普通活性污泥法conventionalactivated延時曝氣extended aerationsludge process氧化溝oxidation ditch傳統(tǒng)活性污泥法conventionalactivated水平轉刷horizontal rotorsludge process轉刷曝氣rotor aeration標準活性污泥法standard activated sludge籠型轉刷caged rotorprocess吸附生物降解工藝(AB 法)傳統(tǒng)活性污泥廠conventional activatedadsorption-biodegradation processslud

46、ge plant序批式活性污泥法 (SBR法 ) sequencing階段曝氣活性污泥 step aeration activated sludgebatch reactor (SBR) process 、process序批式活性污泥法(SBR 法 )sequential batch分段v.stepreactor (SBR) process進水負荷influent loadSBR 法SBR process分段進水step loading序批式反應器(SBR)sequencing batch漸減v.taperreactor (SBR)漸減曝氣tapered aeration序批式反應器 (SBR)sequential batch reactor接觸穩(wěn)定活性污泥法初沉primary clarificationcontact stabilization activated sludge process曝氣n.aeration再曝氣n. reaera