選擇題(中文)

1、.羈芅薄薂袇芄芄螇螃袁莆薀蠆袀蒈螆羈罿膈薈襖羈芀螄螀羇莃薇蚆羇薅莀肅羆芅蚅羈羅莇蒈袆羄葿蚃螂羃腿蒆蚈肂芁螞羇肁莄蒄袃肁蒆蝕蝿肀芅蒃螅聿莈螈蟻肈蒀薁羀肇膀螆袆肆節(jié)蕿螂膅莄螅蚈膅蕆薈羆膄膆莀羂膃荿薆袈膂蒁葿螄膁膁蚄蝕膀芃蕆罿腿蒞螞裊艿蒈蒅螁羋膇蟻蚇芇艿蒄肅芆蒂蠆羈芅薄薂袇芄芄螇螃袁莆薀蠆袀蒈螆羈罿膈薈襖羈芀螄螀羇莃薇蚆羇薅莀肅羆芅蚅羈羅莇蒈袆羄葿蚃螂羃腿蒆蚈肂芁螞羇肁莄蒄袃肁蒆蝕蝿肀芅蒃螅聿莈螈蟻肈蒀薁羀肇膀螆袆肆節(jié)蕿螂膅莄螅蚈膅蕆薈羆膄膆莀羂膃荿薆袈膂蒁葿螄膁膁蚄蝕膀芃蕆罿腿蒞螞裊艿蒈蒅螁羋膇蟻蚇芇艿蒄肅芆蒂蠆羈芅薄薂袇芄芄螇螃袁莆薀蠆袀蒈螆羈罿膈薈襖羈芀螄螀羇莃薇蚆羇薅莀肅羆芅蚅羈羅莇蒈袆羄葿

2、蚃螂羃腿蒆蚈肂芁螞羇肁莄蒄袃肁蒆蝕蝿肀芅蒃螅聿莈螈蟻肈蒀薁羀肇膀螆袆肆節(jié)蕿螂膅莄螅蚈膅蕆薈羆膄膆莀羂膃荿薆袈膂蒁葿螄膁膁蚄蝕膀芃蕆罿腿蒞螞裊艿蒈蒅螁羋膇蟻蚇芇艿蒄肅芆蒂蠆羈芅薄薂袇芄芄螇螃袁莆薀蠆袀蒈螆羈罿膈薈襖羈芀螄螀羇莃薇蚆羇薅莀肅羆芅蚅羈羅莇蒈袆羄葿蚃螂羃腿蒆蚈肂芁螞羇肁莄蒄袃肁蒆蝕蝿肀芅蒃螅 Chest(胸部)Lung（肺部）選擇題（中文）1.胸骨角標志著體表下列部位，除外（C）A.第四胸椎下緣 B.氣管分叉 C.心房下緣 D.上下縱隔交界2.正常人肺下界的移動度的范圍在 （B）A.46cm B.68cm C.810cm D.243.桶狀胸可見于下列情況，除外（D）A.矮胖體型者 B.

3、肺氣腫 C.嬰幼兒 D.肺結(jié)核 4.潮式呼吸可見于下列哪些疾?。ˋ）A.腦出血 B.糖尿病酮癥酸中毒 C.尿毒癥酸中毒 D.神經(jīng)衰弱 5.語音振顫增強可見于下列哪個疾?。–）A.肺氣腫 B.大量胸腔積液 C.壓迫性肺不張 D.胸壁皮下氣腫6.肺下界移動度減弱可見于下列疾病，除外（D）A.肺氣腫 B.肺不張 C.隔肌麻痹 D.肺尖部結(jié)核 7.異常的支氣管呼吸音可見于下列疾病,除外（D）A.大葉性肺炎 B.空洞性肺結(jié)核 C.壓迫性肺不張 D.支氣管肺炎 8.氣胸的體征有（A）A患側(cè)胸廓飽滿 B.氣管向患側(cè)移位 C.患側(cè)叩診呈濁音 D.患側(cè)語音共振增強多選題（中文）9.肺氣腫的典型體征有 （A C）

4、A.呼吸運動減弱 B.語音振顫增強 C.肺下界降低 D.支氣管呼吸音減弱10.肺部干羅音可見于下列哪些疾病 （A B C D ）A.慢性支氣管炎 B.支氣管哮喘 C.心源性哮喘 D.肺癌 11.正常人的支氣管呼吸音聽診部位包括（A B）A.喉部 B.背部第1，2胸椎附近 C.胸骨兩側(cè)第1，2肋間 D.右肺尖12.肺泡呼吸音的特點是（A C ）A.柔和吹風樣 B.吸氣音比呼氣音弱 C.音調(diào)較高時間較長 D.如發(fā)ha 音 13.左側(cè)胸痛可見于下列哪些疾?。ˋ B C D ）A急性胰腺炎 B.肺癌 C.急性冠脈綜合癥 D.帶狀皰疹 問答題（中文）1. 吸氣性呼吸困難和呼氣性呼吸困難的鑒別？答：吸氣性

5、呼吸困難特點,吸氣費力，顯著時出現(xiàn)三凹癥，常伴干咳與高調(diào)吸氣性喉鳴，提示，喉、氣管與大支氣管狹窄與阻塞呼氣性呼吸困難特點，呼氣費力，呼吸時間明顯延長而緩慢，聽診肺部常有干羅音。見于下呼吸性阻塞疾病。2. 右側(cè)大量胸腔積液的體格檢查特點？ 答 視診 喜患側(cè)位，患側(cè)胸廓飽滿，肋間隙增寬，呼吸運動受限，心尖搏動向健側(cè)移位。觸診 氣管移向健側(cè)，患側(cè)呼吸運動減弱，語音振顫減弱或消失。叩診 積液區(qū)為濁音或?qū)嵰?，心界向左?cè)移位。聽診 積液區(qū)呼吸音減弱或消失，語音共振減弱或消失。積液上方可聞及減弱的支氣管呼吸音。3. 濕羅音的產(chǎn)生機制和特點？答 濕羅音是由于吸氣時氣體通過呼吸道內(nèi)的稀薄分泌物，如滲出液、痰液、

6、血液、粘液和膿液等，形成水泡并破裂所產(chǎn)生的聲音，故又稱水泡音?；蛘J為由于小支氣管壁因分泌物粘著而陷閉，當吸氣時突然張開重新充氣所產(chǎn)生的爆裂音。特點：斷續(xù)而短暫，一次常連續(xù)多個出現(xiàn)，于吸氣相尤其吸氣終末較為明顯，有時也出現(xiàn)于呼氣早期。部位較恒定，性質(zhì)不易變，中小水泡音可同時存在，咳嗽后可減輕或消失。4. 干羅音的產(chǎn)生機制和特點？答 由于氣管.支氣管或細支氣管狹窄或部分阻塞,空氣吸入或呼出時發(fā)生湍流所產(chǎn)生的聲音。特點：持續(xù)時間較長,吸氣及呼氣時均可聽及，以呼氣時為明顯。干羅音的強度和性質(zhì)易改變，部位易改變，在瞬間內(nèi)數(shù)量可明顯增減。5. 胸膜摩擦音可見于哪些疾病？答 1）胸膜炎癥 如結(jié)核性胸膜炎 2

7、）胸膜原發(fā)性或繼發(fā)性腫瘤 3）胸膜高度干燥 如嚴重脫水 4）肺部病變累及胸膜 如肺炎 5）其他 如尿毒癥Choices1. Which one is not true for sternal angle?A. It is also termed Louis angle.B. It is formed by the protrusion of the conjunction composed of sternum and manabrium sterni.C. It acts as an important landmark for counting rib(parallel to third

8、rib) and interspace.D. It indicates the bifurcation of the trachea, the upper level of the atria of heart, the demarcation of upper and lower part of mediastinum, and the fifth thoracic vertebra as well.KEY: (C)2. The depressed region above the clavicle, which corresponds to the upper part of each l

9、ung apex, is called( ).A. Suprasternal fossa B. Supraclavicular fossa C. Infraclavicular fossa D. Suprascapular regionKEY: (B)3. Barrel chest is often seen in ( ). A.tuberculosis B.emphysema C.chronic hectic disease D. pneumonia.KEY: (B)4. Subcutaneous emphysema at chest is commonly due to the follo

10、wing EXCEPT( ).A. injuries of lungB. injuries of tracheaC. injures of pleuraD. local infection of bacillus aerogenesKEY: (D)5. Deep slow breathing (Kussmauls respiration) is typical of ( ). A.alkalosis B.acidosis C.hypernatremia D.hyponatremiaKEY: (B)6. Tachypnea indicates the increased respiratory

11、rate, over ( ) per minute.A.20 B.22 C.24 D.26KEY: (C)7. Which of the following is wrong for the lower boundary of lung?A. the anterior part which begins from the sixth rib B. at the level of the sixth interspace along the midclavicuar lineC. at the level of the eighth interspace along the midaxillar

12、y lineD. the posterior part of the lower boundary that approaches horizontal line at the ninth rib level by the inferior angle lineKEY: (D)8. Which of the following is incorrect?A.Tidal breathing is also called cheyne-stokes respiration. B. Cheyne-stokes respiration waxes and wanes cyclically so tha

13、t periods of deep breathing alternate with periods of apnea (no breathing).C. Ataxic breathing is characterized by unpredictable irregularity. Breaths may be shallow or deep, and stop for short periods.D. Ataxic breathing is less severe than the tidal breathing.KEY: (D)9. Fremitus is decreased or ab

14、sent in the following conditions EXCEPT( ).A. obstructed bronchus or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.B.pleural effusionC. pneumoniaD. fibrosisKEY: (C)10. Hyperresonance can be heard during the percussion of ( )A. pneumonia B. emphysemaC. .tuberculosis D. pleural effusionKEY: (B)11. Which one i

15、s not true for bronchial breathing?A. Bronchial breath sounds are in general higher in pitch than vesicular or bronchovesicular sounds.B. Expiration usually surpasses inspiration in length.C. Bronchial breathing is normally heard over the lungs.D. It occurs only with pulmonary consolidation.KEY: (C)

16、12. The increase of vesicular breath sounds may indicate ( ).A. pleural fluid B.fever C. foreign body in trachea D. pneumatothoraxKEY: (B)13. One of the most common causes of decreased or absent breath sounds is ().A. pneumothoraxB. fluid in the pleural spaceC. empyemaD. complete bronchial obstructi

17、onKEY: (B)14. Which of the following characteristic is incorrect for moist rale?A. It is formed because of there present stricture or partial obstruction of the trachea, bronchi or bronchioles,B.It is formed due to the passage of air through thin secretions in the respiratory tract.C.It can be cause

18、d by exudate, sputum, blood, mucus, or pus. D.The sound may diminish after cough. KEY: (A)Questions15. How to describe the mass of breast in terms of palpation ? Location: The exact location of the mass must be designated. General method is to take the nipple as the central point, describe the mass

19、according to the clock numbers and axis. Furthermore, the distance of the mass from the nipple must be recorded for the sake of accurate location of the mass. Size: The mass must be described in length, width and thickness, for the comparison in the future to determine if it progresses or regresses.

20、 Contour: pay attention to whether the mass is regular or irregular, the margin is dull or acute, and whether it adheres to surronding tissue or not. Most benign tumors have a smooth, regular contour, whereas most malignant masses are convavoconvex, with firmed margin. However, it must be mentioned

21、that inflammatory lesions may also have an irregular contour. Consistency: The hardness must be described clearly. It may be described generally as soft, cystic, moderately firm or extremely hard. A benign tumor is usually felt soft, cystic; while a firm consistency mass with irregular contour usual

22、ly denotes a malignant lesion. However, a hard region may also be caused by inflammation. Tenderness: It should be ascertained whether or not the lesion is tender, and, if so, to what degree. An inflammatory process is usually moderately or markedly tender, whereas most malignant lesions are not obv

23、iously tender. Mobility: The examiner should determine whether the lesion is freely movable. If it is movable in certain directions, or fixed, he must determine wether the mass is fixed to the skin, to the deep structures, or to the surrounding breast tissue. Most benign lesions have a large mobilit

24、y, inflammatory lesion is considerably fixed, and a malignant lesion in early stage is movable, however, as the process developes, it becomes fixed because other structures are invaded.16. Please describe the etiology and characteristics of moist rales and rhonchi.Moist rale: produced due to passage

25、 of air through thin secretions in the respiratory tract, such as exudate, sputum, blood, mucus, or pus etc. The sound could also be regasded as crackles produced by reopening of the bronchials at inspiration when bronchiolar wall adheres and closes because of tenacious secretion at expiration. Char

26、acteristics of moist rales: adventious sounds besides breath sound, discrete and short in time, often series of jeveral sounds appear, siginificant in inspiration or in the terminal phase of inspiration, present sometimes in the early phase of expiration, the location is rather fixed, quality not va

27、riable, medium and fine rale could be present simultaneously, it may diminish or disappear after cough.Rhonchi: produced because there present stricture or partial obstruction of the trachea, bronchi or bronchioles, air through these passways becomes turbulent, the pathologic basis for which is infl

28、ammatory membranous congestion and edema oversecretion, bronchial muscular spasm, obstruction due to tumor and foreign bodies in the bronchial lumen, and stricture due to oppressian of extraluminal enlarged lymph nodes or mediastinal tumors. Characteristics of rhonchi: they are continuous, relativel

29、y long, and musical adventious breath sound. Rhochi are rather high-pitched with the basic frequency of about 300-500 Hz. Audible both during inspiration and expiration, in general more prominent during expiration. Rhonchi are easily variable in intensity, quality and location, sometimes they change

30、 obviously instantly. 17. Try to make differential diagnoses among consolidation of lung disease, emphysema, atelectasis, pleural diffusion and pneumothoraxinspectionpalpationPercussionAuscultationChest appearanceRespiratory movementTrachea locationVocal fremitusNoteBreath soundraleVocal resonanceCo

31、nsolidationSymmetricalDiminished on the affected sideCentralIncreased on the affected sideDullness or flatnessBronchial breath soundMoist raleStrengthenedEmphysemaBarrel-shapedDiminished on both sidesCentralDiminished on both sidesHyperresonanceDiminishedAlways withoutDiminishedAtelectasisDenting of

32、 the affected sideDiminished on the affected sideDeviate toward the affected sideDiminished or disappearedDullnessDisappeared or diminishedWithoutDisappeared or diminishedPleural dffusionFullness of the affected sideDiminished or disappearanced on the affected sideDeviate toward the normal sideDimin

33、ished or disappearedFlatnessDiminished or disappearedWithoutDiminished or disappearedThickened pleuraDenting of the affected sideDiminished on the affected sideDeviate toward the affected sideDiminishedDullnessDiminishedWithoutDiminishedpneumothoraxFullness of the affected sideDiminished or disappea

34、ranced on the affected sideDeviate toward the normal sideDiminish or disappearedTympanyDiminished or dissapearedWithoutDiminished or disappearedHeart（心臟部分）選擇題1、正常成人心尖搏動位于 CA.第四肋間,左鎖骨中線內(nèi)側(cè)1.01.5cmB. 第五肋間,右鎖骨中線內(nèi)側(cè)0.51.0cmC.第五肋間,左鎖骨中線內(nèi)側(cè)0.51.0cmD. 第四肋間,左鎖骨中線內(nèi)側(cè)0.10.5cmE. 第五肋間,右鎖骨中線內(nèi)側(cè)2.02.5cm2、心尖搏動的論述,錯誤的是

35、EA. 可位于第五肋間左鎖骨中線內(nèi)0.5cmB. 體位、體型對心尖搏動位置有影響C. 可位于第四肋間D. 可位于第六肋間E. 搏動范圍以直徑計算為1.03、心尖搏動移位的論述,錯誤的是 DA. 肥胖體型者,心尖搏動可上移至第四肋間B. 瘦長體型者,心尖搏動可下移至第六肋間C. 左心室增大時心尖搏動向左下移位D. 右心室增大時心尖搏動向右移位E. 一側(cè)胸膜粘連、增厚、心尖搏動向患側(cè)移位4、心前區(qū)搏動正確的是 DA. 胸骨左緣第23肋間搏動可見于右心室肥大B. 劍突下搏動意味著右心室肥大C. 胸骨左緣第3肋間收縮期搏動可見于肺動脈高壓D. 胸骨右緣第2肋間收縮期搏動可見于主動脈弓動脈瘤E. 以上都

36、正確5、震顫的論述,錯誤的是 BA. 臨床上凡觸及震顫均可認為心臟有器質(zhì)性病變B. 在心尖區(qū)觸及收縮期震顫可見于二狹C. 觸診有震顫的部位多數(shù)可聽到雜音D. 在胸骨右緣第2肋間觸及收縮期震顫可見于主狹E. 在胸骨左緣第2肋間觸及收縮期震顫可見于肺動脈瓣狹窄6、心包摩擦感的論述,正確的是 EA.為心臟舒張時臟層與壁層心包相互摩擦而產(chǎn)生B. 摩擦感消失表示已無積液C. 多在心前區(qū)或胸骨左緣第2、3肋間觸及D. 以舒張期、前傾體位更為明顯E. 以呼氣末更為清楚7、心濁音界改變的論述,錯誤的是 AA. 一側(cè)大量胸水積液可使心界移向患側(cè)B. 一側(cè)大量氣胸可使心界移向健側(cè)C. 肺氣腫時心界變小D. 一側(cè)肺

37、不張可使心界移向患側(cè)E. 一側(cè)胸膜粘連可使心界移向患側(cè)8、心臟叩診濁音界向左下擴大、心腰加深，見于 EA. 克山病B. 二尖瓣狹窄C. 三尖瓣狹窄D. 心肌病E. 高血壓性心臟病9、心包積液的特征為 DA. 心濁音界向左下增大B. 心濁音界向右增大C. 梨形心D. 心界向兩側(cè)擴大,同時濁音界可隨體位而改變E. 以上均不是10、第一心音的聽診特點，正確的是 CA. 音調(diào)較高B. 強度較弱C. 歷時較長D. 落后于心尖搏動E. 在心底部最響亮11、出現(xiàn)第二心音反常分裂的是 EA. 室間隔缺損B. 肺動脈高壓C. 動脈導管未閉D. 肺動脈瓣狹窄E. 主動脈瓣狹窄12、舒張早期奔馬律的論述，正確的是

38、CA. 是病理性第四心音B. 又稱為第四心音奔馬律C. 提示有嚴重器質(zhì)性心臟病D. 可見于健康兒童E. 音調(diào)高、強度強13、符合生理性收縮期雜音的特點是 BA. 多見于成年人B. 性質(zhì)柔和C. 強度大于36級D. 歷時長E. 多伴有震顫14、脈搏驟起驟落，猶如潮水漲落，此種脈搏稱為 EA. 交替脈B. 遲脈C. 奇脈D. 重搏脈E. 水沖脈15、二尖瓣關(guān)閉不全的體征是 AA. 收縮期震顫B. 開瓣音C. S1亢進D. 舒張期隆隆樣雜音E. 梨形心16、心包積液的體征是 CA. 靴形心B. 水沖脈C. 奇脈D. 心尖搏動增強E. 無脈17、右心衰竭的體征是 AA. 胸腹水B. 端坐呼吸C. 交替

39、脈D. 雙肺底濕羅音E. 舒張期奔馬律18、以下哪項不是主動脈瓣關(guān)閉不全的體征 AA. 脈壓減小B. Austin-Flint雜音C. 水沖脈D. Duroziez雙重雜音E. 遞減型舒張期雜音19、正常雙側(cè)上肢血壓差別為 BA. 2-5 mmHgB. 5-10 mmHgC. 10-15 mmHgD. 15-20 mmHgE. 20 mmHg以上20、低血壓是指血壓低于 EA. 80/40mmHgB. 80/60mmHgC. 90/50mmHgD. 100/60mmHgE. 90/60mmHg問答題（中文）1、如何鑒別雜音是生理性還是器質(zhì)性？舒張期雜音和連續(xù)性雜音都是器質(zhì)性的，而收縮期雜音可能

40、為器質(zhì)性，也可能為生理性。收縮期雜音相關(guān)的鑒別：鑒別點 生理性雜音 器質(zhì)性雜音年齡 兒童、青少年 不定部位 肺動脈瓣區(qū)、心尖區(qū) 不定性質(zhì) 柔和、風吹樣 粗糙風吹樣、高調(diào)持續(xù)時間 短促 較長，常為全收縮期強度 小于等于2/6級 常大于等于3/6級震顫 無 3/6級以上可伴有傳導 局限 沿血流方向傳導較遠2、根據(jù)2005年中國高血壓防治指南，闡述血壓水平的定義和分類？類別收縮壓（mmHg）舒張壓（mmHg）正常血壓<120<80正常高值1201398089高血壓：14090  1級高血壓（輕度）1401599099  2級高血壓（中度）160179100109

41、60; 3級高血壓（重度）180110單純收縮期高血壓140<903、周圍血管征的定義、常見病因、產(chǎn)生機制？周圍血管征是指由于脈壓增大而導致周圍動脈和毛細血管搏動增強的一組體征，如水沖脈、明顯頸動脈搏動、點頭運動、毛細血管搏動、槍擊音和雙重雜音等。常見病因：主動脈瓣關(guān)閉不全、動脈導管未閉、主動脈竇瘤破裂、動靜脈瘺、甲狀腺功能亢進、嚴重貧血、老年主動脈硬化等疾患。產(chǎn)生機制：上述疾患均導致主動脈收縮壓升高，舒張壓降低，脈壓增大，周圍血管內(nèi)的壓力迅速上升后又迅速下降，搏動幅度增大，從而產(chǎn)生一系列周圍血管體征。4、主動脈瓣關(guān)閉不全有哪些體征？視診：心尖搏動向左下移位，部分患者頸動脈搏動明顯，并可

42、出現(xiàn)點頭運動。觸診：心尖搏動移向左下，呈抬舉樣搏動。有水沖脈及毛細血管搏動等。叩診：心濁音界呈靴形。聽診：主動脈瓣區(qū)或主動脈瓣第二聽診區(qū)可聞及嘆氣樣、遞減型、舒張期雜音，向胸骨左下方和心尖傳導，以前傾坐位最明顯。重度反流者，有相對性二尖瓣狹窄，心尖區(qū)出現(xiàn)柔和、低調(diào)、遞減型、舒張中晚期隆隆樣雜音（Austin Flint雜音）。周圍血管可聽到槍擊音和Duroziez雙重雜音。Choices1. The best way to make distinction between pleural friction sound and pericardial friction sound is( )A.

43、sound timing B. sound quality C.sound relation with respiration D.sound locationKEY: (C)2. Which one is not true for gallop rhythm?A. It is the pathologic counterpart of the S3 and occurs at the time of rapid diastolic ventricular filling.B. It is a brief low-pitched sound.C. It occurs at middle dia

44、stole at the end of rapid filling phase of diastole. D. It reflexes that the RV function is decreased.KEY: (D)3. Continuous murmur can be heard in ( ).A. Mitral Stenosis B. Mitral InsufficiencyC. Aortic Stenosis D. Patent Ductus ArteriosusKEY: (D)Questions4. How to differentiate between S1 and S2? 1

45、) S1 apex pitch ¯, lasting time S2 basic, pitch ­ lasting time ¯2) Duration: S1_S2 S2_S13) Apical pulse5. Describe the characteristics of atrial fibrillation in terms of Auscultation.(1) The ventricular rhythm has absolutely no regularity;(2) The intensity of S1 is inconsistence;(3) T

46、he rate of heart and pulse are unconcerned.6. Explain the term auscultatory valve area.l. Mitral valve area: it is at the apex, in the fifth left intercostal space, medial to the midclavicular line.2. Aortic valve area: there are two auscultatory area of AV, one is located in the second right interc

47、ostal space, just lateral to the sternum. The other is at the third or fouth intercostal space, left to the sternum border. We call it the second auscultatory area of AV.3. Pulmonary valve area: in the second intercostal space just lateral to the sternum.4. Tricuspid valve area: at the lower part of

48、 the sternal near the xiphoid.The physician should adopt a systematic way of listening: start at the apex, then move to the PV area , AV area, second AV area, TV area.7Please describe the signs of Mitral Stenosis?Inspection: “Mitral Facies” may be present. The apical pulse may extend to left side.Pa

49、lpation: diastolic thrill may be felt at apex.Percussion: The cardiac dullness extend to left in early stage and later to right. The cardiac silhouette is like a pear.Auscultation: A loud snappy first sound and a localized rumbling diastolic murmur in the mid-late stage may be heard at apex. The ope

50、ning snap may be present. The pulmonary second sound may be accentuated of splitting. 8. Do you know the mechanisms of heart murmurs? l). Increased velocity of blood flow though normal valves; 2). Forward flow though narrowed or deformed valves; 3). Backward or regurgitant flow through incompetent v

51、alve; 4). Abnormal connection; 5). Vibration of loose structure within the heart; 6). Increase with diameter of a major vessels. 9. Try to make distinction between functional murmur and organic murmur.functional organicAgechild,youngerany age peopleLocationapex or pulmonary valve area:any location Q

52、ualityblowing,tenderharsh Timingshortlong,in all systolic periodIntensity<3/63/6ThrillnegativepositiveRadiation not longlong,transmitted with the direction of the bloodstream10. Paradoxical pulse can been found in ( ).A. constrictive pericarditis B.cardiac infarction C.shock D. anemiaKEY: (A)11.

53、Could you tell us the definitions and classifications of blood pressure levels?Category systolic(mmHg) diastolic(mmHg)Optimal 120 80Normal 130 85High-normal 130-139 85-89 Hypertension 140 90Isolated systolic 140 90 hypertensionChoices12The most important sign indicating aortic incompetence is ()：A.

54、Decrease in intensity of S1B. Boot-like heartC. Diastolic murmurs in aortic areaD. Austin-flint's murmurs in apical areaE. Water hammer pulseKEY: (C)13Graham-stell's murmur means ().A. diastolic murmur in the apical area caused by structural mitral stenosisB. diastolic murmur in aortic area caused by aortic incompetenceC. diastolic murmur in pulmonic area caused by relatively pulmonic incompetenceD. diastolic murmur in apical area caused by relatively mitral stenosisE. diastolic murmur caused by relatively tricuspid stenosi