智課網(wǎng)范文gre及賞析issue5

1、智課網(wǎng) GRE 備考資料GRE 官方寫作題庫 ISSUE 5"Governments must ensure that their major cities receive the final support they need in order to thrive, because it is primarily in cities that a nation's cultural traditions are pand generated."范文The speaker makes a threefold claim: (1) ensuring the survi

2、val of large cities and, in turn, that of cultural traditions, is the responsibility of the government; (2) government support is needed for large cities to thrive and provide the right atmosphere for creation of cultural traditions; and (3) large cities are the best places for cultural traditions t

3、o be generated and p. I strongly disagree with all three claims.內(nèi)容詳細(xì)條目段落此段結(jié)構(gòu)文章首 先分析了題中主張，作者將其剖析為三層含義： 第一，城市繁榮和保護(hù) 傳統(tǒng)是 的責(zé)任；第二，城市繁榮和保護(hù) 傳統(tǒng)需要 的（資金）支持；第三，大城市是保護(hù)傳統(tǒng) 的最佳地點(diǎn)。剖析之后，作者直截了當(dāng)?shù)乇砻髁?chǎng)對(duì)三層含義全部持態(tài)度。此段功能首段分析了題中的主張，并且明了地提出了作者的觀點(diǎn)。First of all, the government has no place subsidizing anything for the sake of cu

4、ltural preservation. Certain objectives, such as public health and safety, are essential and the government has a duty to ensure that these services are provided or organized. These final responsibilities might be heaviest in cities and, if provided for, would certainly aid in creating an atmosphere

5、 where citizens could thrive. However, these matters have little or no connection with generating or preserving cultural traditions. Moreover, government cannot possibly play an evenhanded role as cultural patron. Inadequate resources call for restrictions, priorities, and choices. It is not the job

6、 of the government to decide which cities or cultural traditions are more deserving, valuable, or needy. If that were the case, the choice would be left in the hands of a few officials whose notions about culture might be misguided or unrepresentative of those of teral populace. Also, legislators ar

7、e all too likely to make choices in favor of the cultural agendas of their home towns and states, or of lobbyists with the most money and influence.內(nèi)容詳細(xì)條目段落此段結(jié)構(gòu)第二段采用總分結(jié)構(gòu)， 提出了對(duì)題中主張第二層分析的反駁，即不需要向 保護(hù)提供資助。作者先后給出兩點(diǎn)理由，第一，政府投入的重點(diǎn)應(yīng)為公共健康與安全等與大眾利益密切相關(guān)的事務(wù)，它們?cè)诔鞘兄行枰疃嘭?cái)政支持，搞好這些重點(diǎn)事務(wù)城市才會(huì)繁榮，但與保留 傳統(tǒng) 依然不大；第二， 在作為 產(chǎn)業(yè)資助

8、者， 難以保持公平公正，有可能扭曲大眾需求，因?yàn)樯俨糠秩藭?huì)做出出于各種私下考量的決定。此段功能反駁一，對(duì)應(yīng)首段的第二層分析，給出兩點(diǎn)論據(jù)解釋為何不需要 支持。Secondly, subsidizing cultural traditions is not the responsibility of government. A lack of private funding might justify an exception. However, culture, by which I chiefly mean the fine arts, has always depended primari

9、ly on the patronage of private individuals and businesses, and not on the government. The Medicis, for example, were a powerful banking family of Renaissance Italy, who supported artists Michelangelo and Raphael. During the 20th Century the primary source of cultural support were private foundations

10、 established by industrial magnates Carnegie Mellon, Rockefeller and Getty. And in the future cultural support may come from our new technology and media moguls. In short, philanthropy is alive and well today, and so government need not intervene to ensure that cultural traditions are p and promoted

11、.內(nèi)容詳細(xì)條目段落此段結(jié)構(gòu)第三段同樣采用總分結(jié)構(gòu)，第一句提出了對(duì)題中主張第一層分析的反駁，即資助 傳統(tǒng)并非 的責(zé)任。作者指出 （主要是美術(shù)）歷來是靠私人或私企贊助，而不是 。作者先后給出了 Medicis 家族、Rockfeller 等例子，接著又猜想未來會(huì)有科技和媒體界的大亨來做同樣的事情。末句總結(jié)了本段觀點(diǎn)，說明 沒有責(zé)任干預(yù) 傳統(tǒng)的保留。此段功能反駁二，對(duì)應(yīng)首段的第一層分析，用非力量歷來贊助傳統(tǒng)保護(hù)的例子來解釋這不是 的責(zé)任。Finally, and perhaps most importantly, the speaker suggests that large cities serv

12、e as the primary locations for development and preservation of cultural traditions. Actually, a nation's distinct cultural traditions, folk art, crafts, traditional songs, customs and ceremonies thrive in small towns and rural regions. While cities do serve as our centers for art, there is a cle

13、ar disconnect between the modern art of bigcity culture and traditional culture as p in rural areas. After all, modern cities are essentially multicultural stew pots. So, by assisting large cities, a government would actually be hel to create a global culture, subsidizing the traditions of other nat

14、ions' cultures.內(nèi)容詳細(xì)條目段落此段結(jié)構(gòu)第四段仍然采取總分結(jié)構(gòu)論述城市并不是發(fā)展和保護(hù) 傳統(tǒng)的首選地點(diǎn)。恰恰相反，一個(gè) 有特色的 傳統(tǒng)都 于小城鎮(zhèn)和鄉(xiāng)村地區(qū)，而大城市雖可成為藝術(shù)中心，但是城市作為多元 熔爐，實(shí)際上流轉(zhuǎn)著全球化的 。若想保存有特色的 傳統(tǒng)，選擇城市是不明智的。此段功能反駁三，對(duì)應(yīng)首段的第三層分析，對(duì)城市是保護(hù)傳統(tǒng) 的最佳地點(diǎn)表示了In , a government should not and could not, even if attempted to do so, work to promote or preserve cultural tradit

15、ions. Cultural traditions are a matter for society to guide. Moreover, if a government were to decide to embark on such an endeavor, it would be prudent to seek rural locations that have gone unchanged as opposed large cities where change is an everyday experience.內(nèi)容詳細(xì)條目段落此段結(jié)構(gòu)第五段，作為全文論述的總結(jié)，每一句話分別對(duì)應(yīng)了

16、上文第二，三， 四段的觀點(diǎn)，同時(shí)也重申了作者的對(duì)題中主張三重含義的反駁： 不需要也不應(yīng)該為保留 傳統(tǒng)提供支持；保留 傳統(tǒng)是 導(dǎo)向的責(zé)任而非 ；小城和鄉(xiāng)村才是保留 傳統(tǒng)的重鎮(zhèn)。此段功能文章尾段，得出結(jié)論，表明作者立場(chǎng)題中主張。滿分要素剖析語言表達(dá)本文語言平實(shí)，用詞嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，條理清晰。首段列舉 三看似死板，但讀過全文后發(fā)現(xiàn)作者從始至終都著這三點(diǎn)展開，很有利于讀者理清頭緒。作者沒有過度使用長(zhǎng)難復(fù)雜句，但其語法準(zhǔn)確，表意明了，可見作者并不追求花哨的表面，而是重視實(shí)在的論證。It is not the job of the government to decide which cities or cultu

17、ral traditions are more deserving, valuable, or needy. 這一句中的 it 是形式主語，后面的不定式 to decideneedy 為本句的真實(shí)主語。這樣的句子結(jié)構(gòu) 句子的平衡感，避免因主語過長(zhǎng)帶來的頭重腳輕感。If that were the case, the choice would be left in the hands of a few officials whose notions about culture might be misguided or unrepresentative of those of teral pop

18、ulace. 這一句使用了虛擬語氣，對(duì)前文的情況做了假設(shè)。Whose 引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾 officials。Populace 一詞的選擇也體現(xiàn)了作者的詞匯量較為豐富。During the 20th Century the primary source of cultural support were private foundations established by industrial magnates Carnegie Mellon, Rockefeller and Getty. And in the future cultural support may come from our new technology and media moguls. 此句的語法并沒有特別高深的用法，但兩個(gè)選詞magnate 和 mogul，再次體現(xiàn)了作者的詞匯水平。兩者都有巨頭、大亨、顯赫人物之意。中文中有多個(gè)詞語表達(dá)同樣的意思，英文中其實(shí)也一樣，在寫作時(shí)使用不同的詞，