DA011002 TCPIP基礎(chǔ) ISSUE 1.00

1、Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page0修訂記錄課程編碼課程編碼適用產(chǎn)品適用產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)品版本產(chǎn)品版本課程版本課程版本ISSUEDA011002AllAll1.00開發(fā)開發(fā)/優(yōu)化者優(yōu)化者時(shí)間時(shí)間審核人審核人開發(fā)類型（新開發(fā)開發(fā)類型（新開發(fā)/優(yōu)化）優(yōu)化）周進(jìn)軍20090901焦云婷新開發(fā)本頁(yè)不打印Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. TCP/IP基礎(chǔ)Copyright 2009 Huawei Technolo

2、gies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page2前 言l不同型號(hào)、不同廠家、運(yùn)行不同操作系統(tǒng)的計(jì)算機(jī)之間通過TCP/IP協(xié)議棧實(shí)現(xiàn)相互間的通信。本課程旨在介紹TCP/IP協(xié)議棧層次結(jié)構(gòu)、各層功能以及數(shù)據(jù)封裝。Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page3培訓(xùn)目標(biāo)l學(xué)完本課程后，您應(yīng)該能：p了解OSI參考模型的層次結(jié)構(gòu)p掌握TCP/IP層次結(jié)構(gòu)以及各層功能p理解TCP/IP數(shù)據(jù)封裝過程Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Lt

3、d. All rights reserved. Page4目 錄l TCP/IP協(xié)議棧l TCP/IP協(xié)議棧報(bào)文封裝l 案例分析Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page5目 錄l TCP/IP協(xié)議棧協(xié)議棧l TCP/IP協(xié)議棧報(bào)文封裝l 案例分析Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page6OSI參考模型lOSI RM：開放系統(tǒng)互連參考模型（Open System Interconnection Re

4、ference Model）lOSI參考模型具有以下優(yōu)點(diǎn)p簡(jiǎn)化了相關(guān)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)操作p提供設(shè)備間的兼容性和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)接口p促進(jìn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化工作p結(jié)構(gòu)上可以分隔p易于實(shí)現(xiàn)和維護(hù)Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page7OSI分層1234567底層:負(fù)責(zé)網(wǎng)絡(luò)數(shù)據(jù)傳輸高層:負(fù)責(zé)主機(jī)之間的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸應(yīng)用層表示層會(huì)話層傳輸層網(wǎng)絡(luò)層數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層物理層Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page8OSI七層功能應(yīng)用層表示層會(huì)話層傳輸層網(wǎng)

5、絡(luò)層數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層物理層1234567提供應(yīng)用程序間通信處理數(shù)據(jù)格式、數(shù)據(jù)加密等建立、維護(hù)和管理會(huì)話建立主機(jī)端到端連接尋址和路由選擇提供介質(zhì)訪問、鏈路管理等比特流傳輸Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page9TCP/IP模型TCP/IP7654321應(yīng)用層表示層會(huì)話層傳輸層網(wǎng)絡(luò)層數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層物理層54321應(yīng)用層傳輸層網(wǎng)絡(luò)層數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層物理層OSIVSCopyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page10TCP/I

6、P協(xié)議棧應(yīng)用層傳輸層網(wǎng)絡(luò)層數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層提供應(yīng)用程序網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口建立端到端連接尋址和路由選擇物理介質(zhì)訪問二進(jìn)制數(shù)據(jù)流傳輸物理層HTTP、Telnet、FTPTFTP、PingTCP/UDPIPEthernet、802.3、PPP接口和線纜Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page11TCP/IP模型的層間通信與數(shù)據(jù)封裝SegmentPacketFrameBit物理層傳輸層網(wǎng)絡(luò)層數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層應(yīng)用層0101110101001000010上層數(shù)據(jù)上層數(shù)據(jù)TCP報(bào)頭上層數(shù)據(jù)IP報(bào)頭FCS上層數(shù)據(jù)LLC報(bào)頭FCS上層

7、數(shù)據(jù)MAC報(bào)頭Host APDUCopyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page12數(shù)據(jù)解封裝TCP報(bào)頭IP報(bào)頭LLC報(bào)頭0101110101001000010MAC報(bào)頭上層數(shù)據(jù)上層數(shù)據(jù)TCP+上層數(shù)據(jù)IP+TCP+上層數(shù)據(jù)LLC報(bào)頭+IP+TCP+上層數(shù)據(jù)Host B物理層網(wǎng)絡(luò)層數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層傳輸層應(yīng)用層Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page13物理層功能l規(guī)定介質(zhì)類型、接口類型、信令類型l規(guī)范在終端系統(tǒng)

8、之間激活、維護(hù)和關(guān)閉物理鏈路的電氣、機(jī)械、流程和功能等方面的要求l規(guī)范電平、數(shù)據(jù)速率、最大傳輸距離和物理接頭等特征LANWAN802.4802.5FDDIV.35V.24G.703 EIA/TIA-232802.3Physical(Bits,signals,clocking)Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page14物理層介質(zhì)和物理層設(shè)備l物理層介質(zhì)p同軸電纜p雙絞線p光纖p無線電波l物理層設(shè)備p中繼器，集線器Page15數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層功能LLC子層MAC子層lMAC Sub-layer ：Med

9、ia Access Control Sub-Layer 介質(zhì)訪問控制子層p指定數(shù)據(jù)如何通過物理線路進(jìn)行傳輸，并與物理層通信lLLC Sub-layer：Logic Link Control Sub-layer邏輯鏈路控制子層p識(shí)別協(xié)議類型并對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行封裝通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行傳輸應(yīng)用層傳輸層網(wǎng)絡(luò)層數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層物理層Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page16數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層協(xié)議LANWAN802.4802.5FDDI802.2 LLCFrameRelayPPPV.35DialonDemandSDLCHDLCV.2

10、4G.703 EIA/TIA-232802.3l數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層局域網(wǎng)、廣域網(wǎng)協(xié)議Physical(Bits,signals,clocking)Data Link(Frames)l數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層設(shè)備p以太網(wǎng)交換機(jī)Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page17數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層地址lMAC地址有48位，華為產(chǎn)品前3個(gè)字節(jié)是0 x00E0FC。00e0.fc01.234524 bits24 bits00e0.fc01.2345RomRam廠商編號(hào)序列號(hào)Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies

11、 Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page18網(wǎng)絡(luò)層功能與設(shè)備網(wǎng)絡(luò)層數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層物理層網(wǎng)絡(luò)層數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層物理層網(wǎng)絡(luò)層數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層物理層BRouter ARouter BRouter CACDE應(yīng)用層傳輸層網(wǎng)絡(luò)層數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層物理層l功能 p在不同的網(wǎng)絡(luò)之間轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)數(shù)據(jù)包l設(shè)備p路由器、三層交換機(jī)Host AHost B應(yīng)用層傳輸層網(wǎng)絡(luò)層數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層物理層Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page19網(wǎng)絡(luò)層協(xié)議l網(wǎng)絡(luò)層協(xié)議802.4802.5FDDI802.2 LLCFrameRela

12、yPPPV.35DialonDemandSDLCHDLCV.24G.703 EIA/TIA-232802.3IP/ICMP/ARP/RARPPhysical(Bits,signals,clocking)Data Link(Frames)Network(Packets)Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page20網(wǎng)絡(luò)層地址IP地址l網(wǎng)絡(luò)地址在網(wǎng)絡(luò)層唯一標(biāo)識(shí)一臺(tái)網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備l網(wǎng)絡(luò)地址包含兩部分p網(wǎng)絡(luò)IDp主機(jī)ID主機(jī)ID網(wǎng)絡(luò)ID8.2.4810.Copyright 2009 Huawei Technol

13、ogies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page21傳輸層功能n分段上層數(shù)據(jù)n建立端到端連接n將數(shù)據(jù)從一端主機(jī)傳送到另一端主機(jī)n保證數(shù)據(jù)按序、可靠、正確傳輸Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page22傳輸層協(xié)議Physical(Bits,signals,clocking)Data Link(Frames)802.4802.5FDDI802.2 LLCFrameRelayPPPV.35DialonDemandSDLCHDLCV.24G.703 EIA/TIA-23

14、2802.3Network(Packets)IPTransport(Segments)UDPTCPCopyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page23傳輸層主要協(xié)議TCPn面向連接n可靠n適用于可靠性要求高的應(yīng)用n開銷大UDPn無連接n不可靠n適用于更關(guān)注傳輸效率的應(yīng)用n可靠性由應(yīng)用層負(fù)責(zé)Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page24應(yīng)用層功能n為用戶提供接口、處理特定的應(yīng)用n數(shù)據(jù)加密、解密、壓縮、解壓縮n

15、定義數(shù)據(jù)表示的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page25應(yīng)用層協(xié)議Physical(Bits,signals,clocking)Data Link(Frames)802.4802.5FDDI802.2 LLCFrameRelayPPPV.35DialonDemandSDLCHDLCV.24G.703 EIA/TIA-232802.3Network(Packets)IPTransport(Segments)UDPTCPApplication(Data)TFTP SNMP RIP DNS Ra

16、diusFTP TELNET HTTP SMTP/POP3 DNSCopyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page26目 錄l TCP/IP協(xié)議棧l TCP/IP協(xié)議棧報(bào)文封裝協(xié)議棧報(bào)文封裝l 案例分析Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page27TCP/IP協(xié)議棧的封裝過程用戶數(shù)據(jù)App頭部用戶數(shù)據(jù)TCP頭部IP頭部TCP SegmentIP Packet46-1500字節(jié)14B 20-60B20-60B

17、4BEthernet Frame應(yīng)用程序TCPIP以太網(wǎng)驅(qū)動(dòng)程序 用戶數(shù)據(jù)用戶數(shù)據(jù)TCP頭部以太網(wǎng)尾部用戶數(shù)據(jù)TCP頭部IP頭部以太網(wǎng)頭部Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page28TCP Segment16b16b32b32b64bSourcePortDest.Port.Seq NumAck NumOption14B 20-60B20B-60B4BEthernet Frame以太網(wǎng)尾部用戶數(shù)據(jù)TCP頭部IP頭部以太網(wǎng)頭部Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co

18、., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page29IP Packet版本報(bào)文長(zhǎng)度服務(wù)類型總 長(zhǎng) 度標(biāo) 識(shí) 符標(biāo)志片 偏 移生存時(shí)間協(xié) 議報(bào) 頭 校 驗(yàn) 和源 IP 地 址目 的 IP 地 址IP 選 項(xiàng)0 15 16 3120B固定報(bào)文頭14B 20-60B20B-60B4B以太網(wǎng)尾部用戶數(shù)據(jù)TCP頭部IP頭部以太網(wǎng)頭部Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page30IP分片問題l分片原則：IP把數(shù)據(jù)長(zhǎng)度與MTU進(jìn)行比較，前者大于后者則需要進(jìn)行分片。HostHostMTUMTU在發(fā)送端分片在中間路由器分片IP包Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page31Ethernet FrameEthernet_IILength/Type值含義Length/T 1500Length/T = 1500幀類型幀長(zhǎng)度802.3DMACSMACL/T14B 20-60B20B-60B4B以太網(wǎng)尾部用戶數(shù)據(jù)TCP頭