應用Excel編制AutoCAD腳本文件實現(xiàn)批量展點繪圖

1、 計算機應用應用Excel 編制Aut oC AD 腳本文件實現(xiàn)批量展點繪圖邱章云(葛洲壩股份公司測繪總隊, 湖北宜昌443002摘要:文中介紹了以Excel 作為數(shù)據(jù)處理工具, 應用Aut oC AD 中腳本文件(3. scr 作為批處理程序實現(xiàn)自動批量展點、標注高程、繪制斷面圖等功能。以此代替原始的手工繪圖, 關鍵詞:Aut oCAD; Excel; 數(shù)字化成圖; 腳本文件; 中圖分類號:T B23文獻標識碼:B :-( -03、和Excel 基礎, 即可以實現(xiàn)“批量展點繪圖及電子表格自動計量, 從而擺脫傳統(tǒng)手工繪圖和手工量算面積計量帶來的諸多不便。Aut oCAD 和Excel 是目前國

2、內外使用非常廣泛應A 、B 、C 、D 、E 各列, 只采用Y 坐標(C , X 坐標(D 兩列, 在任意空白列相對應的單元格如G1中輸入文本合并公式:=" point " &C1&", " &D1, 內為公式表達式, 用鼠標拖動填充柄經過待填充區(qū)域, 既得到腳本文件所需文本, 見圖1:(為保留小數(shù)點后兩位, 采用了“LEFT ”函數(shù)。 的CAD 繪圖和office 辦公軟件。當前最流行的版本是Aut oCAD 2000和Excel 2000中文版?？梢园岩幌盗行枰貜褪褂玫腁ut oCAD 繪圖命令和參數(shù)編寫成腳本文件。腳本文件

3、是ASC II 碼文本文件, 類型為3. scr, 可在任意文本編輯器中編寫構成一命令序列, 相當于一個程序。在Aut oCAD 中用" scri p t" 命令測試和運行此文件, 即可按指定順序執(zhí)行這些命令(類似于DOS 系統(tǒng)中的批處理功能 。編寫腳本文件的格式規(guī)則主要為:空格即代表回車, 不得隨意增減空格, 須清楚所用Aut oCAD 繪圖命令及參數(shù)的使用情況, 本文示例中均以“”表示空格; 字母大小寫不限, 但空格或雙引號等符號須在英文標點狀態(tài)下輸入。所介紹的批量展點繪圖主要以腳本文件(3. scr 為主來實現(xiàn)。1Aut oCAD 批量展點繪圖圖1腳本文件所需文本將該

4、列文本內容剪貼到word 或者記事本中, 另存為純文本文件, 擴展名為scr, 文件內容示例如下:point 49850184, 19299147point 49855191, 19277128point 49839163, 19298186point 49839166, 19270142此外, 還可以采用Aut oL I SP 語言的表達形式, 其標準格式為:(command" point" " Y, X" 。用Excel 處理:插入兩列如L 、M 列, 內容為(co mmand" point" " 和" , 內

5、為單元格填充內容, 在另空白列N 相應單元格中輸入文本合并公式:=L1&C1&", "D1&M1, 用鼠標拖動填充柄經過待填充區(qū)域, 后得到如下文本:(command" point" " 49850184, 19299147" (command" point" " 49855191, 19277128" (command" point" " 49839163, 19298186" 需掌握三個Aut oCAD 命令:展點"

6、point" ; 寫文字" text" ; 畫直線段" line" 。111展點其腳本文件格式為:point Y, X 。如測了一段公路的帶狀地形, 將野外采集的原始數(shù)據(jù)按Aut o 2CAD 默認的繪圖設置(數(shù)學坐標系 編輯成三維坐標數(shù)據(jù)格式(點號, 編碼, Y, X, H , 存為文本文件。在Excel 中打開該文件, 點號、編碼、Y 、X 、H 分別對52 (command" point" " 49839166, 19270142" 同理存為擴展名為scr 的純文本腳本文件。以上腳本文件(31scr

7、 生成后, 在Aut oCAD 菜單" t ools" 中調用" Run scri p t 111" 命令, 或直接在命令行中輸入" scri p t" , 彈出打開文件對話框, 選定剛生成的31scr 文件, 即可完成繪圖, 以下類同。112標注高程如需要展測點高程, 則用Excel 打開上述三維坐標數(shù)據(jù)文件, 取Y, X, H 三列, 將Command 后的point 命令改為Text 命令, 需要熟悉該命令參數(shù)設置, 可先在Aut oCAD J 標記在點的右邊, (J (ML , 樣式(S 一般為宋體。指定起點為點的平面坐標(Y

8、, X ;指定高度215; 指定文字的旋轉角度0; 輸入文字或直接回車。按要求選定好標注高程的字體樣式、對正方式、大小及旋轉角度后即可調用腳本文件, 標注高程的腳本文件格式為:。腳本文件內容示例如下:text J ML 49850184, 19299147115155text J ML 49855191, 19277128114188text J ML 49839163, 19298186115136text J ML 49839166, 19270142115119Text192981866" " " " " " 1151366&q

9、uot; (command"Text192701422" " " " " " 1151197" (command " " " " "498391637, 498391668,運行以上腳本文件, 則可標記整齊美觀的各測點高程。同理, 如果需要展點號或展測點編碼, 原理等同高程注記。只需將高程列改為點號或編碼列, , " 格式點的樣, 。113繪斷面圖(以橫斷面為例 設置點的樣式為帶圓心的小圓點, 實測橫斷面數(shù)據(jù)整理為(S i , H i 格式, 需按順序從左

10、到右或從右到左依次排成兩列。S i 表示測點距中樁(軸線 的距離, 左“一”右“十”, H i 為實測點高程, (S i , H i 等同于(Y, X 坐標。假定中樁軸線上某一設計整數(shù)高程值為H 0, (該整數(shù)高程最好在中樁設計高程附近 , 用Excel 處理后得到兩列:S i 、H i , 把中樁軸線上整數(shù)高程(H 0 點定為操作基點。有兩種方法:其一將各斷面點展出, 然后逐一連線, 原理同上所述; 其二用" L ine" 命令編制腳本文件, 格式為:line S i , H i S i +1, H i +1。假定某一斷面共有10個斷面點數(shù)據(jù)(S i , H i 用Exc

11、el 編輯成如下:line S 1, H 1S 2, H 2line S 2, H 2S 3, H 3line S 3, H 3S 4, H 4用Excel 處理結果如圖2所示 。line S 8, H 8S 9, H 9line S 9, H 9S 10, H 10point 0, H 0text J ML 0, H 0H 0Aut oL I SP 語言表達形式為:(command" L ine" " S i , H i " " S i +1, H i +1" " " 。腳本文件內容如下:圖2用Excel 處理結

12、果(command"L ine" " S 1, H 1" " S 2, H 2" " " (command"L ine" " S 2, H 2" " S 3, H 3" " " Aut oL I SP 語言表達形式為:(command" Text" "Y, X" " " " " " H" 。腳本文件內容示例如下:Text192991473

13、" " " " " " 1151552" Text192771283" " " " " " 1141885" (command"(command"" " " "498501841, 498551915,(command"L ine" " S 8, H 8" " S 9, H 9" " " (command"L

14、 ine" " S 9, H 9" " S 10, H 10" " " (command" point" " 0, H 0" (command" Text" " 0, H 0" " " " " " H 0" 53 剪貼到文本編輯器中, 另存為純文本腳本文件(31scr 即可。最后兩行為繪制基點及標注基點高程。可作為繪制設計斷面線、斷面方格網和標尺高程注記的參考點。設計斷面線可以以操作基點

15、為參考點應用相對坐標(Y,X ; “手工”在Aut ocad 中繪制或將設計斷面分解成斷面點數(shù)據(jù)自動繪圖。也可將標準設計線連同斷面格網和標尺做成標準圖塊插入繪制。基于Aut oC AD 2000中文版支持多文檔操作和基點復制功能, 可根據(jù)打印機限定的圖幅大小(如A3、A4 , 制作帶標尺厘米格網的標準圖框(出圖比例1:1 , 其它文檔上自動繪制的斷面圖, 通過“基點復制, , 用“ARE A ”命令, 用電子表格制作標準的方量計算表(關鍵在于錯格合并, 單元格自動計算公式的輸入 , 將斷面的樁號、面積輸入到計算表格, 通過公式自動計算方量。見示例圖3。3結語上述方法可等同某些專業(yè)數(shù)字化成圖軟件

16、的類似功能, 相對傳統(tǒng)手工模式則有質的飛躍, 而且簡單易掌握、應用更加靈活。腳本文件可作為一個完整的繪圖程序直接執(zhí)行, , 使, 可直接讀寫原始數(shù), 自動化程度更高。上述方法在云南小灣水電站對外公路第四標的測繪工作中得到很好的應用, 提高了繪圖精度, 減少計算粗差的出現(xiàn), 并使勞動效率得到較大提高。參考文獻:1郭朝勇等1Aut oC AD14(中文版 二次開發(fā)技術M1北京:清華大學出版社1199912段紅梅1Aut oCAD2000(中文版 自學教程M1北京:清華大學出版社119991作者簡介:邱章云(1974- , 男, 湖南常德人, 工程師, 主要從事工程測量、數(shù)據(jù)處理、數(shù)字化制圖等方面的

17、工作。圖3示例(收稿日期:2005-01-06(上接第51頁4結語大學出版社, 20011作者簡介:王新生, 男, 山東淄博人, 現(xiàn)任山東金嶺鐵礦測量工程師, 主要從事工程測量、地形測量、地籍測量等測量工作。地形測量從白紙測圖變革為數(shù)字測圖, 測量的成果可供傳輸、處理、共享的數(shù)字地形信息, 即以計算機磁盤為載體的數(shù)字地形圖, 這將成為信息時代不可缺少的地理信息的重要組成部分。參考文獻:1高井祥等1數(shù)字測圖原理與方法M1徐州:中國礦業(yè)(收稿日期:2005-01-1254ENGL I SH ABSTRACTS O F M A I N ART I CL ES I N TH I S I SSUEEst

18、ablish ment of the Res ources Envir onmentalMonit o 2ring Syste m in Fuxin M ining A rea -The paper illus 2trates the Res ources Envir on mental Monit oring Syste m in Fuxin m ining area established with the integrated technique of RS with GI S, and highlights es pecially the functi on and technol o

19、gical fl ow sheet of the syste m. The establishment of the syste m can p r ovide not only detailed data for envir on mental hazard harness and sustained devel opment of Fuxin m ining area but als o scientific reference f or leaders when they make deci 2si ons . (W ang Chongchang et al . Research on

20、Data Conversi on w and the JX -4-the paper t o on een EPSX2000and the -s olves the p r oble m of data conversi on bet w een the EPSX2000and the JX -4, makes it possible that the data of the EPSX2000and the JX -4can be shared on trans -p latf or m , and is easy t o understand and si m p le t o operat

21、e, is worth popularizing and utilizing in p r oducti on units . (Q iu Chunxia Design and Pr obe int o the Evaluati on Soft w are of GI S Spatial Data Quality -I n the paper, characteristics of the s patial data quality and the err or s ource and kinds of the s patial data are firstly described, and

22、then the design concep t of the data quality evaluati on s oft w are and the method t o design the database of the meta -data about data quality in accordance with current ac 2curacy evaluati on method are p r ovided . (Chen Junjie et al . Establish ment of the I M AGI S -based Three -D i m en 2si o

23、nal U rban V isualizati on Syste m -I n vie w of the characteristics of the I M AGI S and the syste m require 2ments, the three -di m ensi onal urban visualizati on is realized in the paper based on the t opographic map and re mote sensing i m age thr ough p rep r ocessing the t opographic map, gene

24、rating the three -di m ensi onal t opographic map, establishing the three -di m ensi onal model and mapp ing the texture . (Cheng Q ian et al . Si m p le D iscussi on on Several Pr oble m s of the GPS D ifference Method in Actual U se in M ining A rea -The paper elaborates the methods how t o measur

25、e ac 2curately the W GS -84coordinate of the reference sta 2ti on and how t o s olve the para meters converted fr om the W GS -84coordinate t o the l ocal coordinate s o as t o realize the GPS difference measure ment in the m in 2ing area where the GPS is firstly used t o make differ 2ence measure m

26、ent . (W ang Guoying et al . thRealizati on of Conversi on fr o m the 54Coordinate t oththe 80Coordinate by U sing the Quadratic Polynom ial -The Beijing Coordinate Syste m in 1954and the Xian Coordinate System in 1980are t w o kinds of coordi 2nate syste m s kep t in the map document p resently in

27、China . I n the paper, a test using the quadratic poly 2thnom ial method t o make conversi on fr om the 54coordi 2thnate t o the 80coordinate is done, which is p r oved bythe operati onal analysis t o be effective for the coordi 2nate conversi on of the s patial data in certain regi ons . (W ang J i

28、andi et al . The Method of Laying Traverses t o Reduce the Thr ough Err or of the Extra -l ong Tunnel -The paper analyses main fact ors affecting the lateral thr ough err or of the extra -l ong tunnel . Si m ultaneously s ome ne w methods and acti ons t o positi on points and the ol fra f or ward an

29、d s ome made are given . (et al . Pl otting by U sing the Excel t ile the Scri p t Document of the Aut oCAD -I n the paper, using the scri p t document (3. scr of the Aut oCAD as batch p r ocessing p r ogra m t o realize s ome functi ons including aut omatic batch points p l otting, height marking a

30、nd cr oss secti on drafting etc . based on the Excel data p r ocessing t ool is elaborated, which can rep lace original hand drafting and has relatively good p ractical significance . (Q iu Zhangyun Aut oCAD -based Aut o matic Calculati on of the Road Survey Data -Many diagra m s and data tables are

31、 re 2quired t o be treated in the reconnaissance survey and design of r oads, while the traditi onal method is t o draft by hand, which not only wastes labor power but als o p r ol ongs the design ti m e . The paper illustrates a ne w method of using the VB and CAD p r ogra m s t o realize aut o mat

32、ic drafting of p lan vie w of the r oads and tables of every p ile coordinate, which is p r oved by p ractice t o be si m p le and p ractical, can use manpower and ma 2terial res ources s paringly, i m p r ove working efficiency and accuracy, and lay a f oundati on f or r oad survey . (Zhang J inyu et al . Ref or m and Practice of Practical Teaching of Engineer 2ing Survey -The engineering survey is main technol o 2gy of the engineering constructi on and basic technol ogy for civil enginee