廣東中考英語完形填空解題技巧與專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練

1、廣東中考英語完形填空解題技巧與專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練“完形填空”是初中英語試題中固定而重要的題型。它是一種障礙性的測(cè)試題。在一定程度上考查考生的閱讀能力、邏輯推理及分析歸納、綜合判斷能力。這種題型歸納起來有如下特點(diǎn)：  1在整份試卷中所占的分值較重，占1015，長(zhǎng)度一般在130200個(gè)單詞左右。 2降低了對(duì)單詞本身的考查要求，重點(diǎn)考查考生對(duì)短文的整體理解，上下文的段落銜接，情理分析及推理判斷能力。  3針對(duì)初中學(xué)生的實(shí)際水平，一般采用故事體，盡量避免專業(yè)性太強(qiáng)的文章或論文體。近年來出現(xiàn)了以意義選擇為主、語法選擇逐漸減少的趨勢(shì)。 “完形填空”有多種形式，但它在基本設(shè)計(jì)原則上都是一致的。形式

2、都是從短文中抽去若干詞，讓考生根據(jù)上下文填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，為了有助于考生填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，可以提供四個(gè)答案（其中包括一個(gè)正確答案），讓考生選出正確的答案；也可以給出單詞首字母完形填空，或者給出字母及單詞長(zhǎng)度（由幾個(gè)字母組成）；也可以不給考生提供任何線索，完全憑借考生對(duì)文章的理解和現(xiàn)有的語言能力完成。最常見的還是選擇型的“完形填空”。 “抽詞法”可以是有針對(duì)性地抽，也可以是隨機(jī)地抽。但目前比較流行的是對(duì)文章理解能力的考查，而不是單純對(duì)語法結(jié)構(gòu)的考查。 “完形填空”要求考生不僅要會(huì)運(yùn)用自己學(xué)過的詞匯和語法知識(shí)妥善地處理好每個(gè)單句，理解語義，還要處理好單句之間以及單句與全文之間的內(nèi)在關(guān)系，選出適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填上，

3、使文章完整與通順。  完形填空題要求填入的詞主要有：構(gòu)成各種時(shí)態(tài)和用法區(qū)別的動(dòng)詞及短語動(dòng)詞；名詞和介詞；根據(jù)上下文意思及結(jié)構(gòu)必須填入的形容詞、副詞、代詞和連詞；同義詞、近義詞等易混詞。考查以實(shí)詞為主，兼顧虛詞和語法結(jié)構(gòu)。難點(diǎn)主要集中在根據(jù)上下文作正確判斷的詞的用法上。 “完形填空”旨在測(cè)試考生的綜合應(yīng)用語言能力。因此，要做好“完形填空”，不僅要具備一定的詞法、句法和慣用法等語法知識(shí)，而且還要具備閱讀理解能力、綜合分析能力和運(yùn)用語言知識(shí)的實(shí)踐能力。 完形填空通常是將一篇邏輯性較強(qiáng)的短文，留出若干個(gè)空，然后采用"四選一"的方法，將短文補(bǔ)充完整。它屬于客觀題型。如今的完

4、形填空題除保留傳統(tǒng)題型的優(yōu)點(diǎn)外，還采用了選詞填空(有多余選項(xiàng))或根據(jù)上下文補(bǔ)全對(duì)話(或短文)等主觀題型。但事實(shí)證明，完形填空通常是同學(xué)們較難把握的題型之一，且失分率較高。限于篇幅，本文著重談?wù)効陀^題型的解法。請(qǐng)看-一、 目標(biāo)要求完形填空主要測(cè)試學(xué)生在具體語言環(huán)境中對(duì)文章的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)、中心思想、推理判斷、詞語辨析、習(xí)慣用法、固定搭配等方面的能力要求，及對(duì)所學(xué)英語的綜合運(yùn)用能力、快速閱讀理解能力及邏輯推理判斷能力等。二、 解題步驟在做完形填空題時(shí)，通常先弄清語境，并依據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行合理的分析、判斷，才能作出恰當(dāng)?shù)倪x擇。具體可分為以下三步：1. 通覽全文，了解大意答題時(shí)，應(yīng)先越過空檔，通讀全文，理順題意

5、，找出信息詞。這是做好完形填空題的關(guān)鍵。因?yàn)橥晷翁羁盏奶攸c(diǎn)是著眼于整體理解。我們?nèi)绻讯涛谋茸鳝h(huán)環(huán)相扣的鏈條，那么由于空格的設(shè)置，"鏈條"從第二句起有些地方就脫節(jié)了。有些同學(xué)習(xí)慣于提筆就填或邊讀邊填，急于求成，然而，欲速則不達(dá)，結(jié)果往往由于"只見樹木不見森林"而事倍功半。因此我們應(yīng)該依據(jù)首句給的啟示，通過邏輯思維，借助短文中關(guān)鍵詞所提供的信息，越過空檔，盡快把全文讀完，建立語言的整體感，幫助我們了解短文大意。2. 綜合考慮，先易后難通覽全文后，認(rèn)真觀察選項(xiàng)，瞻前顧后，仔細(xì)推敲，逐項(xiàng)選定。經(jīng)過通讀全文，對(duì)短文有了整體印象。在此基礎(chǔ)上，可以根據(jù)全文大意，展開

6、邏輯思維，分析這一空格處在句中的地位，前后的關(guān)系和它所起的作用，確定最佳答案。遇到困難，暫放一邊，先易后難，這是解題之道。當(dāng)遇到難以判斷的空檔時(shí)，不妨先放一邊，繼續(xù)往下做。因?yàn)橛行┐鸢甘潜仨毻ㄟ^下文的理解后才能作出斷定的。有時(shí)，前后信息之間還有相互提示作用。因此，當(dāng)我們遇到難題時(shí)，不能久久停留于此，這樣會(huì)浪費(fèi)不必要的時(shí)間。3. 復(fù)讀檢驗(yàn)，消除疏漏完成所有空檔后，還要再次通讀全文，看看這時(shí)的短文行文是否流暢，意義是否連貫，邏輯關(guān)系是否合理。復(fù)查時(shí)，可從語法入手，檢查一下句子的時(shí)態(tài)、主謂一致、代詞的性、數(shù)、格以及詞語的搭配等是否正確。凡遇疑點(diǎn)，必須根據(jù)文章的中心思想，從意義、語法的角度來仔細(xì)權(quán)衡，

7、加以改正，彌補(bǔ)疏漏。三、 實(shí)例點(diǎn)撥請(qǐng)根據(jù)下面短文內(nèi)容，在短文后面的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇一個(gè)能填入空白處的最佳答案。Every year students in many countries learn English. Some of these students are children, _1_ students are young people. Why do all these people want to learn_2_? It is not_3_to answer this question. Many boys and girls learn English at school. I

8、t is one of their _4_. Many people learn English because it is_5_in their work. Some young people learn English_6_their higher studies because some of their books are_7_English. Other people learn English because they want to _8_newspapers in English. Some people learn English because they want to _

9、9_ in the USA, England or Australia. English is very_10_in our life (生活).1. A. all B. the other C. both D. other2. A. English B. Chinese C. maths D. Japanese3. A. hard B. easy C. good D. nice4. A. books B. classesC. schools D. subjects (科目)5. A. good B. useful (有用的) C. fine D. pleased6. A. for B. of

10、 C. to D. from7. A. in B. with C. at D. of 8. A. look B. see C. look at D. read9. A. go B. work C. like D. come10. A. help B. helpingC. helps D. helpful 答題分三步：第一步： 通覽全文通過通覽全文，便知本文講述許多人學(xué)習(xí)英語。學(xué)習(xí)英語的人年齡不同，目的各異。第二步： 逐項(xiàng)填空本著先易后難的原則，先根據(jù)上下文和自己的語感，推測(cè)部分空格的可能答案。然后，再結(jié)合選項(xiàng)逐一敲定。1. 選B。some.other(s).意思是"一些另一些(泛指)

11、"； some.the other(s).意思是"一些另一些(特指)"。由語境可知，在學(xué)英語的學(xué)生中，除一部分是孩子外，剩余的是青年人(特指)。2. 選A。根據(jù)上下文可知是English。3. 選B。由文章內(nèi)容來看，人們學(xué)習(xí)英語的原因多種多樣，因此回答為什么那么多人學(xué)習(xí)英語這個(gè)問題并不容易。4. 選D。由常識(shí)可知，English是學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的科目(subject)之一。5. 選B。根據(jù)前后文意可知許多人學(xué)習(xí)英語，那是因?yàn)镋nglish在他們的工作中很有用(useful)。6. 選A。本題屬于介詞用法辨析。介詞for在此可表示目的、原因。7. 選A。in Englis

12、h是習(xí)慣搭配。8. 選D。"讀報(bào)"英語習(xí)慣說readnewspapers。9. 選B。根據(jù)語境及句子結(jié)構(gòu)，有些人學(xué)習(xí)英語或想出國(guó)(go to a country)或想在這些國(guó)家工作(work in a country)。10. 選D。末句點(diǎn)題，"英語在我們生活中是很有幫助的(helpful)"。第三步： 復(fù)讀檢驗(yàn)將所有答案代入空格后，重新將短文復(fù)讀一遍，如果語句通順，語意清楚，便結(jié)束本題，轉(zhuǎn)做其它試題。最后須提醒大家一點(diǎn)，做好完形填空題并非一日之功。我們應(yīng)從平日學(xué)習(xí)中做起，多積累，勤學(xué)苦練，方可成功！Have a greater success in t

13、he future?。?） Alice had an argument with her best friend, Judy last Thursday. She thought 41 was really difficult and wanted to copy Judys homework. But she refused. They didnt talk to each other for a few days. Alice didnt know 42 to face her maths problem and she wondered if she could get on well

14、with her friend again.Yesterday afternoon, she saw a cool boy 43 the violin happily by the road when she was walking home from school. The violin music sounded so nice that she couldnt help stopping to listen to him. 44 Alice didnt know what music he was playing, it made her feel better. After he fi

15、nished the music, Alice walked over to him and said, “Thank you 45 your beautiful music. It gets me out of the really bad mood(心情).” Then she took out some 46 and gave it to him. To her surprise, the boy asked her to take the money back. He explained that he wasnt making money by playing the violin.

16、 He just wanted to 47 others. He hoped that the wonderful music could make people relaxed and happy. Thats why he played it by the road. What a 48 boy he was! Then Alice told him about her trouble.He said, “You should learn to smile even if you are in difficulty. Listening to music is helpful. So wh

17、y not listen to music as 49 as possible? Never lose heart! Believe in your friend! She has her reason. Believe in 50 ! Everything will go well!Hearing these words, Alice went home with a smile. She believed she could make it.( ) 41. A. ChineseB. maths C. science D. physics( ) 42. A. why B. how C. wh

18、en D. where( ) 43. A. carrying B. selling C. buying D. playing( ) 44. A. Because B. When C. Though D. Whether( ) 45. A. for B. withC. from D. except( ) 46. A. music B. money C. food D. work( ) 47. A. have B. leave C. give D. help( ) 48. A. tall B. rich C. kind D. safe( ) 49. A. often B. quicklyC. so

19、on D. loudly( ) 50. A. myself B. herself C. yourself D. himself （2）These days, some middle schools in China are trying to do something different.The students choose classes according to their own needs. For each subject, they can make a choice from different levels (等級(jí)) of difficulty. So instead of

20、staying in the    41    classroom, they go to different rooms to have their lessons. And the teachers make special teaching plans for   42   .There are different opinions about it.Xia Rui, a 13-year-old girl, said, “ I really love it. I think its nic

21、e that we can   43   classes by ourselves. My English is poor. I used to be afraid to answer questions in class. I think that the good students may    44    me when I make mistakes. Now I feel much more relaxed.”But her classmate Chen Gang didnt agre

22、e. “ I dont think it is so good   45    it is difficult for students to find where the classrooms are,” he said. “During the break, students can be seen here and there, running and shouting to find their   46   .”“Im worried that some students may think t

23、hey are in the lower class   47   lose interested in the subject,” their math teacher, Mr. Wang said. “I also    48    that some parents may feel unhappy if their kids study a subject at an easy level.”“In my eyes, it is good   49 

24、0; both students and teachers, Mr. Wang also said. “As teachers, we can make teaching plans more    50   and the students will develop better.”41. A. clean            B. same          &

25、#160; C. bright        D. empty42. A. us              B. him            C. them          D. you43. A. play 

26、60;          B. teach          C. choose       D. work44. A. laugh at        B. listen to        C. look after 

27、;    D. wait for45. A. whether        B. because        C. when        D. before46. A. parents         B. friends    

28、60;      C. books         D. classrooms47. A. and            B. but              C. till      &

29、#160;   D. or48. A. hope           B. report             C. cry          D. worry49. A. for         

30、   B. at                C. on           D. with50. A. slowly         B. easily        

31、0;    C. quietly       D. brightly （3）The population problem may be the      1        one of the world today The world's population is growing     2       T

32、wo thousand years ago, there were only 250 million people     3       the earth Four hundred years ago, the number was     4       500 million But at the beginning of the     5   &

33、#160;  century, the world's population was about 1,700 millionIn 1970, this number was 3,600 million In 1990, the number was five billion A     6       report says that the world population will     7    &#

34、160;  six billion by the end of the 20th century This is just ten     8       after it     9      five billion People say that by the year 2010,     1 0    

35、0; may be seven billion 1 Agreat Bgreater Cgreatest Dgreating2 Afaster and faster Bfast and fast Cfastest and fastest Dfaster and fast3Ain Bon Cat Dfor4Anearly Bmore Calmost Dover5Atwenty Btwelve Ctwentieth Dtwelfth6AUSA BUN CPRC DPLA7Apast Bpass Cpassed Dpasses8Aweeks Bmonths Cseasons Dyears9Aget B

36、gets Creached Dreach10Athis Bits Cone Dit（4）Fire can help people in many ways. But it can also be very harmful (有害的). Fire can keep your house _1_, give light and cook food. But fire can burn things _2_. Big fire can burn, trees, houses, animals or people.   Nobody knows how people began to use

37、 fire. But there are _3_. interesting old stories about how a man or woman started a fire. One is _4_ a man. The man _5_ a very long time ago. He went up the sun and _6_ fire down.   Today people know how to make a fire with matches(火柴). Children sometimes _7_ to play with them. But matches can

38、 be very dangerous. One match can burn a piece of paper. and _8_ it could burn a house. A small fire can turn a big fire. very quickly. So you _9_ be careful with matches.   Be careful with fire, and it will _10_ you. But if you arent careful with fire. and it may hurt you.   1. A. warm

39、60;   B. warmer C. cool   D. cooler 2. A. also    B. too C. either   D. neither 3. A. many    B. much C. little   D. no 4. A. over   B. about C. a little   D. no 5. A. worked    B. studied C. learned    D.

40、 lived 6. A. bring   B. take C. brought   D. took 7. A. enjoy B. like C. don't like   D. become 8. A. after   B. late C. yet   D. then 9. A. can     B. man C. will   D. must 10. A. help   B. do C. tell   D. hope （5）Every day s

41、ome people are killed while they are crossing the roads 1 of these people are old people and children Old people are often killed because they can't see or 2 very well Children are killed because they are not 3 They forget to look and listen before they 4 the roads     A car

42、or a bus can't stop 5 If a car is going very fast, it will travel many metres 6 it stops Some people don't always understand this They think a car can stop 7 a few metres It is difficult to 8 how fast a car is moving The only way to cross the roads safely is to look 9 ways, right and left Th

43、en if the roads are 10 , you can cross them1AMuch BMost CMore2Ahear Bto hear Chearing3Acare Bcarefully Ccareful4Aacross Bcome Ccross5Afast Bquickly Cquick6Abefore Bwhile Cafter7Ain Bon Cat8Aknow Blook Clisten9Aall Beach Cboth10Afull Bempty Cbusy（6）Miss Zhao is one of the most popular teachers in the

44、 schoolYesterday she came into the 1 with a big smile on her faceShe said to her 2 that she was 3 to see they did well in the sports meetingBut 4 was not pleased to see the classroom last Saturday not as 5 as usualShe hoped they would clean the classroom every day     Wei Hua was

45、 on 6 yesterdayShe said everyone was at 7 except Lin TaoThen she told Miss Zhao about their 8 to the Great Wall last SundayLuckily the weather was 9 They played games and had a picnic thereAfter Wei Hua 10 her talk，Miss Zhao began her lesson 1Ashop Bclassroom       

46、; Cpark Doffice 2Astudents Bteachers   Cworkers  Ddoctors 3Aangry Bsorry        Cglad   Dsad 4Ashe BI         Cwe   Dhe 5Adark  Bold        

47、Clarge Dclean 6Atime Bduty        Cfoot Dtop 7Ahome  Bnoon Cnight Dschool 8Avisit Bmusic        Cclock Dfootball 9Abad   Bfine        Crainy Dwindy 10Astarted  

48、Bhad         Cfinished Dgave      （7）When you wave (揮手) to a friend, you are using sign language. When you smile at someone, you mean to be 1 . When you put one finger (手指) in front of your 2 , you mean "Be quiet." Yet,

49、people in different countries may use different sign languages.     Once an Englishman was in Italy. He could speak 3 Italian. One day while he was walking in the street, he felt 4 and went into a restaurant (餐館). When the waiter came, the Englishman 5 his mouth, put his fingers into

50、it and took them out again and moved his lips (嘴唇). In this way, he 6 to say, "Bring me something to eat." But the waiter brought him a lot of things to 7 . First tea, then coffee, then milk, but no food. The Englishman was 8 that he was not able to tell the waiter he was hungry. He was 9

51、to leave the restaurant when another man came in and put his hands on his stomach (肚子). And this sign was 10 enough for the waiter. In a few minutes, the waiter brought him a large plate of bread and meat. At last the Englishman had his meal in the same way.1. A. nice B. friendly C. fine D. well 2.

52、A. eye B. hand C. mouth D. arm3. A. a littleB. fewC. a fewD. a little4. A. hungry   B. tired   C. sad   D. worried   5. A. washed   B. opened   C. closed D. touched   6. A. dared   B. meant   C. had   D. decided   7. A. eat   B. drink

53、  C. carry   D. play   8. A. happy   B. glad   C. sorry   D. afraid   9. A. quick   B. slow   C. ready   D. quiet   10. A. good   B. bad   C. bright   D. wrong     （8）We spent a day in the country and picked a lot o

54、f flowers. Our car was full of 1 inside. On the way home my wife saw a bookshelf outside a furniture (家具) shop. "Buy it," she said at once. "We'll 2 it home on the roof-rack (車頂架). I've always wanted one like that."     Ten minutes _3_ we were back with the

55、 bookshelf. 1 drove slowly. Other drivers seemed more polite than usual that evening. The 4 even stopped traffic to let us through.After a rime my wife said, "There's a long line of cars 5 . Why don't they overtake (超車)?"Just at that time a police car did overtake, and two officers

56、 inside asked us to 6 their car through the busy traffic. The police car stopped at our village church（教堂）.One of the officers came to me and said, "Do you need any more 7 now?" I didn't quite understand. So I said, "You've been very 8 . We live just down the road."He was

57、 looking at our things, first at the flowers, then at the bookshelf. "Well, well," he said and 9 , "It's a bookshelf you've got here! We thought it was er, something else."My wife began to laugh. Suddenly I understood 10 the police drove here. 1. A. booksB. flowersC.

58、 fruitsD.vegetables2. A. takeB. carryC. sendD. hold3. A. beforeB. afterC. laterD. ago4. A. driversB. policeC. cleanersD. sellers5. A. behindB. beforeC. besideD. back6. A. takeB. followC. moveD. drive7. A. timeB. moneyC. helpD. water8. A. kindB. cleverC. politeD. popular9. A. laughedB. criedC. shoute

59、dD. jumped10. A. how B. whatC. whoD. why（9）Sam had a dog, Its name was Tod. it was very helpful, but it ate too much . So he didn't like it. he wanted to _1_ Tod. He _2_ Tod and put it in a small boat . he rowed(劃)the boat to the _3_ of a big river. Just as he _4_ the poor animal into the river,

60、 the boat began to go down. _5_ the man and Tod _56_ into the river. Tod was able to swim, _7_ Sam couldn't. The dog bit(咬) the rope(繩子) and broke it . it tried its best to swim to _8_ Sam. The man was saved, so he was very thankful (感激的)to the dog, he didn't want to kill the dog _9_. From t

61、he on, he gave the dog as _10_ as it wanted.     1. A. sell    B. buy       C. beat      D. kill     2. A. tied    B. pulled    C. pushed    D. closed  

62、60;  3. A. front   B. foot      C. side      D. middle     4. A. threw   B. carried   C. sent      D. brought     5. A. Neither B. Nor  

63、0;    C. Each      D. Both     6. A. fell    B. dropped   C. lost      D. jumped     7. A. because B. though    C. but       D. when &#

64、160;   8. A. kill    B. save      C. meet      D. hit     9. A. no more B. any more  C. no longer D. not more     10. A. little B. few       C. many &

65、#160;    D. much    （10）There were no classes that afternoon, so Henry went to a _1_ shop near his home. The shop sold many jackets. He looked _2_ them and at last chose a very nice one. He _3_ it on and then told the shopkeeper to put it into a _4_. At that time his fr

66、iend Bruce came into the shop. They hadn't seen each other for a long time. They were so _5_ to meet again that they forgot _6_ else. Soon they were busy talking on and on happily. It was nearly six o'clock, _7_ they decided to go and have dinner together. Henry picked up the bag, and walked

67、 _8_ the door of the shop. The shopkeeper stopped them and asked Henry to pay for the _9_. Henry looked at him in surprise at first, but soon he remember that he hadn't paid for it. He said _10_ ,gave him the money and them left the shop with his friend.     1. A. fruit  

68、;  B. book        C. food      D. clothing     2. A. up       B. for         C. after     D. at     3. A. put      B. tried       C. got       D. turned