(完整word版)狀語從句用法總結(jié)(完整)(2)

1、狀語從句什么是狀語？狀語修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子。1.Naturally,our grandparentswerepleased to get our phone call.2.Weworkedhard,fromsunrisetosunset.3.Tohelpmydisabledaunt,I spend anhourworkinginher house every day 4.Seenfrom adistance,thefarmhouselookeddeserted.5.Iknowhowto lightacampfirebecause Ihad doneitbefore.狀語的位置比較

2、靈活，可以位于句首、句末或句中。什么是狀語從句？狀語從句指句子用作狀語時，起副詞作用的句子。它可以修飾謂語、非謂語動詞、定語、狀語或整個句子。狀語從句一般由連詞( 從屬連詞)引導，也可以由詞組引起。根據(jù)其作用狀語從句可分為：1.時間狀語從句2.地點狀語從句3.原因狀語從句4.條件狀語從句5.目的狀語從句6.讓步狀語從句7.比較狀語從句8.方式狀語從句9.結(jié)果狀語從句狀語從句的時態(tài)特點一般情況下，時間和條件狀語從句的謂語動詞一般用“一般現(xiàn)在時”表示 “一般將來時 ”，用 “現(xiàn)在完成時”表示 “將來完成時”。I willcall you assoonasIarrive inBeijing.Asso

3、onasIhavefinishedthiswork,I willgohome.Ifhecomesback,pleaseletmeknow.1 時間狀語從句常用引導詞：when,as,while,assoonas,before,after,since,till,until特殊引導詞：theminute,themoment,thesecond,everytime,theday ，the instant, immediately,directly,no sooner than, hardly when,scarcely whenI didn t realizehowspecialmymotherwa

4、suntilIbecame an adult.WhileJohnwaswatchingTV,hiswifewascooking.Thechildrenranaway fromthe orchard( 果園 ),themomenttheysawthe guardNosoonerhad Iarrivedhome,thenitbegantorain.EverytimeIlistentoyouradvice,Igetintotrouble.表示 “一 就 ”除 as soon as 外，還有三類：名詞型 the moment, the minute, the second, the instant副詞

5、型 immediately, directly, instantly；句式型 no sooner than , hardly/scarcelywhenThe moment I saw him, I fell in love with him.I came immediately you called.你一給我打電話，我就馬上來。I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.我一到家，就開始下雨。【注意】如果 hardly, scarcely或 no sooner 置于句首，句子必須用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。Hardly/Scarcely had I got h

6、ome when it began to rain.No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.在時間狀語從句中，不能用一般將來時、過去將來時態(tài)或?qū)硗瓿蓵r，而要用相應的一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)、一般過去時或現(xiàn)在完成時來代替。When,while,as( 一邊 . 一邊 .),after,before, assoonas,since,till/until, by thetime( 到。為止, 所在句子的主句應用完成時)Mozartstartedwriting musicwhen hewasfouryearsold.He visited alotof pla

7、ces whilehe wastraveling.He left the classroom afterhe had finishedhishomeworkthe otherday.when, while 和 as 的區(qū)別when 引導的從句的謂語動詞可以是延續(xù)性的動詞，又可以是瞬時動詞。并且when有時表示 “就在那時 ”, when andthen; at thatmoment 。When she came in, I stopped eating.WhenI livedinthe countryside,I usedtocarrysome water forhim.We were abo

8、ut to leave when he came in.While引導的從句的謂語動詞必須是延續(xù)性的，并強調(diào)主句和從句的動作同時發(fā)生（或者相對應）。并且while 有時還可以表示對比。Whilemy wifewas readingthenewspaper,I was watchingTV.I likeplayingfootball whileyoulikeplaying basketball.As 表示 “一邊 一邊 ”， as 引導的動作是延續(xù)性的動作，一般用于主句和從句動作同時發(fā)生；as 也可以強調(diào)“一先一后。Wealwayssingas we walk.Aswewas goingout,

9、itbegan tosnow.before和 after 引導的時間狀語從句before 的本意為 “在 之前 ”，根據(jù)具體語境還可理解為著還沒 就 ，不知不覺就 ， 才 ”等。After表示主句動作發(fā)生在從句動作之后?！斑€沒來得及/還沒有 就 ，趁Itwillbefourdays before they come back.Einsteinalmostknockedme down before he saw me.Myfatherhadleft forCanadajust before the letter arrived.Theyhadnotbeen married fourmonths

10、before they were divorced.Afteryouthink it over, pleaselet me know what youdecide.Afterwehadfinishedthe work,we went home.till或 until引導的時間狀語從句till和 until一般情況下兩者可以互換，但是在強調(diào)句型中多用until 。如果主句中的謂語動詞是瞬時動詞時，必須用否定形式；如果主句中的謂語動詞是延續(xù)性動詞時，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表達的意思不同。Ididn'tgotobed until （ till ） my fathercame back.I

11、twas notuntil the meeting was over thathe began to teach me English.Iworkeduntilhecame back. 我工作到他回來為止。Ididn'tworkuntilhe came back. 他回來我這才開始工作。由 since 引導的時間狀語從句。since 引導的從句的謂語動詞可以是延續(xù)性的動詞，又可以是瞬時動詞。一般情況下，從句謂語動詞用一般過去時，而主句的謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時。但在Itis時間since 從句的句型中，主句多用一般現(xiàn)在時。I havebeeninBeijingsinceyouleft.Wh

12、erehaveyoubeen sinceI lastsawyou?Itis fouryears sincemysisterlivedinBeijing.我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。Itis fivemonthssinceourboss was inBeijing. 我們老板離開北京有五個月了。2地點狀語從句常用引導詞：where特殊引導詞：wherever,anywhere,everywhereGenerally,airwillbeheavilypollutedwherethere arefactories.Whereveryougo,youshouldworkhard.句型 1： Where

13、地點從句，（there ）主句。Where there is no rain, farmingisdifficultor impossible.They were good persons. Wheretheywent,theretheywere warmly welcomed.You should have put the book where you foundit.Where theCommunistPartyof China goes, there the people are liberated.句型 2： Anywhere/wherever地點從句，主句。Whereverthese

14、ais, you willfindseamen.3原因狀語從句常用引導詞：because, since,as, for特殊引導詞：seeingthat( 由于，鑒于), nowthat( 既然 ),in that,consideringthat( 考慮到 ), giventhat( 考慮到 ).Myfriendsdislikeme because I mhandsomeandsuccessful.Nowthateverybodyhas come,let sbeginourconference.Consideringthathe is no morethan 12 yearsold,hishei

15、ghtof1.80m isquiteremarkable.Seeing that you realready at the door, I suppose I must inviteyou inside.Considering hesonly sixteen year old, he is not fitfor the job.Given that she is interested in children, I am sure teaching is the rightcareer for her.because,since,as, for辨析1） because語勢最強，用來說明人所不知的

16、原因，回答why 提出的問題。當原因是顯而易見的或已為人們所知，就用as 或since 。I didn t go,because Iwas afraid.Since/Asthe weatherisso bad, wehavetodelayourjourney.2）由 because 引導的從句如果放在句末，且前面有逗號，則可以用for 來代替。但如果不是說明直接原因，而是多種情況加以推斷，就只能用for 。Heis absenttoday,becaus e / forhe isill.Hemustbe ill,forhe is absent today.3)as 和for的區(qū)別：通常情況下，a

17、s 引導的從句在主句前，for 引導的從句在主句后。Asthe weatheris cold,Istayathome. （同義句）I stayat home,forthe weatheris cold.4目的狀語從句常用引導詞：so that,inorderthat特殊引導詞：lest,incase,forfearthat ， inthehopethat, forthepurposethat,to theendthatThebossaskedthesecretarytohurryup withtheletterssothathe couldsignthem.Theteacher raisedh

18、isvoiceonpurpose that the studentsinthe backcouldhear more clearly.5結(jié)果狀語從句常用引導詞：so that,such that,特殊引導詞：such that,tothe degreethat,tothe extentthat,tosuch a degree that,(such是形容詞，修飾名詞或名詞詞組，so 是副詞，只能修飾形容詞或副詞。)Hegot upso early that he caughtthefirst bus.It suchagood chance that we mustnotmiss it.Tosuc

19、hadegree was he excitedthathecouldn t sleep last night.6條件狀語從句常用引導詞：if,unless,特殊引導詞：as/so longas, onlyif,providing/providedthat,supposingse that,on conditionthatWell startourprojectifthe presidentagrees.Youwillcertainlysucceedso longas youkeepon trying.Providedthatthereis no opposition,weshallholdth

20、e meetinghere.that,in ca條件狀語從句和時間狀語從句一樣，從句的謂語動詞不能用一般將來時態(tài)、過去將來時態(tài)或?qū)硗瓿蓵r，而要用相應的一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時和現(xiàn)在完成時來替代。Tell me in case you get into difficulty.Supposing he does not come, shall we go without him?7讓步狀語從句常用引導詞：though,although, even if,eventhough特殊引導詞：as(用在讓步狀語從句中必須要倒裝)， while (一般用在句首)， nomatter ， inspite of

21、thefact that, while,whatever, whoever,wherever,whenever,however,whicheverMuchasIrespecthim,Icant agreeto hisproposal.Theold man alwaysenjoys swimmingeventhough the weather is rough.Nomatterhow hardhe tried, she couldnotchange her mind.as, though引導的倒裝句as / though 引導的讓步從句必須表語或狀語提前（形容詞、 副詞、 分詞、 實義動詞提前）

22、 。Childas/though hewas,he knew whatwasthe right thingto do.= Thoughhe wasasmallchild, he knew what was the right thing todo.注意：a. 句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞。b. 句首是實義動詞，其他助動詞放在主語后。如果實義動詞有賓語和狀語，隨實義動詞一起放在主語之前。Try hardashewill, henever seems able to do the work satisfactorily.=Thoughhetrieshard,he never seemsnomatterw

23、ho= whoevernomatterwhen=whenevernomatterwhere=wherevernomatterwhich=whicheverno matterhow= however注意： no matter不能引導主語從句和賓語從句。（錯） No matter what you say isof no use now.（對） Whateveryou say is of nouse now.（錯） Prisonershave to eat no matterwhat they regiven,（對） Prisonershave to eat whateverthey re giv

24、en.8比較狀語從句常用引導詞：as(同級比較),than( 不同程度的比較)特殊引導詞：themorethe more ; justas ， so; A is to B what /asX is to Y;no more than;not A so much as BSheisas bad-tempered as her mother.The more you exercise, thehealthier youwillbe.Foodis to men what oilisto machine.nomorethan只不過 (嫌少的意思)notmorethan 不如。(前者不如后者 )Ihav

25、enomore thantwopens.It nosmore thana miletothe shops.Jackis notmorediligentthan John.oneofthe+名詞 (復數(shù) ) .之一 (用于最高級 )HanMeiisone of the beststudents inour school.9方式狀語從句常用引導詞：as, (ju st)asso, as if/though("正如 "， "就像 ")特殊引導詞：the wayWheninRome,do as theRomando.She behavedas ifshe wer

26、ethe boss.Sometimeswe teach ourchildrenthewayourparentshavetaughtus.as if,as though兩者的意義和用法相同，引出的狀語從句謂語多用虛擬語氣，表示與事實相反，有時也用陳述語氣，表示所說情況是事實或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性較大。漢譯常作"仿佛 似的" ，"好像 似的 " They completely He looks as ifignorethese factsas if(as though)theyneverexisted.(as though)he had been hitbyligh

27、ting.狀語從句的省略狀語從句同時具備下列兩個條件:主句和從句的主語一致，或從句主語為it ；從句主要動詞是be 的某種形式。從句中的主語和be動詞常可省略。When ( the museum is ) completed,themuseumwillbeopen to the public next year .Hell go to the seaside forhisholidayif(itis)possible.另外，比較狀語從句經(jīng)常省略。I mtallertha nhe (is tall).The higherthetemperature(is),thegreaterthepressu

28、re(is).狀語從句的" 省略" 現(xiàn)象常存在于以下五種狀語從句中:由if,unless 等引導的條件狀語從句;由although,though,evenif/ though 等引導的讓步狀語從句;由when,while,as, before,after,until/ till等引導的時間狀語從句;由as, as if 等引導的方式狀語從句;由 as, than 等引導的比較狀語從句。下面針對這五種情形作歸納。(1) 當狀語從句的主語是it, 且謂語動詞是be 時 ,it和 be 要完全簡化掉。If (itis)possible,hewill help yououtofthedifficulty.Youmustattendthemeeting unless(itis)inconvenienttoyou(2) 當狀語從句的主語和主句的主語一致時,從句可以將主語和be 動詞簡化掉。常用于以下幾種情形:a.連詞 + 形容詞As (he was)young,