學(xué)術(shù)交際英語課件第一部分(第1,3章6-9,第5章)

1、1. Introduction1.1 Process of paper writing and publishing(學(xué)術(shù)論文寫作與發(fā)表流程) 1.2 Functions of academic paper(學(xué)術(shù)論文的功能)1.3 Features and structure of academic paper(學(xué)術(shù)論文的特征與結(jié)構(gòu))1.1 Process of paper writing and publishing(學(xué)術(shù)論文寫作與發(fā)表流程) 1.1.1 Process of paper writing(論文寫作過程)(1) Selecting a topic(選題)Principles f

2、or selecting a topic: scientific; creative; feasible; practicalThrough analyzing the materials collected the author can grasp the history, the current status and the future development of the research subject.(2) Collecting and analyzing materials(文獻(xiàn)資料收集和分析)Try to collect all kinds of materials, inc

3、luding journals home and abroad, collection of papers, newspapers, scientific reports, academic works, theses, statistical materials, inventions, patents, etc.(3) Conceive the paper structure and experiment methods(構(gòu)思文章結(jié)構(gòu)和實(shí)驗(yàn)方法) (4) Conduct the experiment and write the paper(實(shí)驗(yàn)研究和撰稿成文) 1.1.2 Paper su

4、bmitting and publishing (投稿和發(fā)表) Tip: Search for a proper journal and submit the paper1.2 Function of academic paper(學(xué)術(shù)論文的功能) Main functions: transmit technology; promote communication Features of academic paper(學(xué)術(shù)論文的特征)1.3 Features and structure of academic paper(學(xué)術(shù)論文的特征與結(jié)構(gòu))Scientific(科學(xué)性), original

5、（創(chuàng)新性）, theoretical（理論性）, readable（可讀性）, practical（實(shí)用性）(2) Structure of academic paper(學(xué)術(shù)論文的結(jié)構(gòu))題名（Title）、摘要（Abstract）、關(guān)鍵詞（Key Words）、引言（Introduction）、正文（Body）、參考文獻(xiàn)（Reference）和致謝（Acknowledgement）、附錄（Appendix）Exercise for Chapter 1 3.6 Acknowledgment(致謝) 3.6.1 Example analysis (致謝實(shí)例分析)3.6.2 Basic conte

6、nts and commonly used sentence patterns of acknowledgements(致謝的基本內(nèi)容和常用句式) e.g.1Acknowledgment We thank Prof. Mario Baldi for his contributions to the initial development of FS with tunable lasers. Tunable Laser-Based Design and Analysis for Fractional Lambda Switches (Viet-Thang Nguyen, Renato Lo Ci

7、gno, and Yoram Ofek), IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS, VOL. 56, N O . 6 , J U N E 2 0 0 8：9 5 7 - 9 6 6 分析：這篇致謝行文簡潔，作者僅對(duì)Prof. Mario Baldi在該領(lǐng)域初始發(fā)展階段的貢獻(xiàn)做了感謝。 3.6.1 Example analysis (致謝實(shí)例分析)e.g.2 Acknowledgment The authors are grateful for the constructive comments by anonymous reviewers, which imp

8、roved the presentation of this paper. The authors would also like to thank Professor Rodney Kennedy, Mr. Ramtin Shams, and Dr. Pascal Vontobel for helpful discussions and for their valuable comments. On Information Rates of Time-Varying Fading Channels Modeled as Finite-State Markov Channels （Parast

9、oo Sadeghi, Senior Member, IEEE, and Predrag Rapajic, Senior Member）, IEEE IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS, VOL. 56, NO. 8 , A U G U S T 2 0 0 8：1 2 6 8 - 1 2 7 8 分析：作者首先感謝了匿名審稿人，其次對(duì)提供有益討論和寶貴意見的Rodney Kennedy教授， Ramtin Shams先生，和Pascal Vontobel博士表示感謝。 e.g. 3Acknowledgments The authors thank David

10、 Hill and Marilee Burrell for preparing the mouse antisera to WAF1. This work was supported by the Preuss Foundation, the Clayton Fund, and National Institutes of Health grants CA-09071 and CA-43460. WAF1, a potential mediator of p53 tumor suppression (El-Deiry W. S, Tokino T, Velculescu V.E, et al.

11、) Cell, 1993, 73(4): 817-825 分析：作者首先感謝了David Hill 和 Marilee Burrell在實(shí)驗(yàn)材料準(zhǔn)備方面的幫助，并給出了三種來源的4項(xiàng)基金資助信息。 (1) 基本內(nèi)容應(yīng)包含: 感謝資助研究工作的科學(xué)基金、獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金基金、合同單位、支持的企業(yè)、組織或個(gè)人；協(xié)助完成研究工作和提供便利條件的組織或個(gè)人；在研究工作中提出建議和提供技術(shù)支持、實(shí)驗(yàn)材料等幫助的人；給予轉(zhuǎn)載和引用權(quán)的資料、圖片、文獻(xiàn)、研究思想和設(shè)想的所有者；給予寶貴意見的審稿人和編輯；以及其他應(yīng)感謝的組織和人。 3.6.2 Basic contents and commonly used sent

12、ence patterns of acknowledgements(致謝的基本內(nèi)容和常用句式) (2) Commonly used sentence patternsWe thank forWe acknowledge The authors are grateful for sth. by sb.The authors are grateful to sb. for sth.The authors would like to thank for The authors wish to make the acknowledgement of The authors thank forGrate

13、ful acknowledgement is made to Special gratitude is owed/ expressed/given to Thanks to forThanks are owed to Special thanks go to Sincere thanks are given to Thanks must be given to Thanks must be extended to Exercise for 3.6 3.7 References(參考書目)Different formats of references：(1)MLA (Modern Languag

14、e Association) (2)APA(American Psychological Association)(3)CMS(Chicago Manual of Style)(4)CSE(Council of Science Editors)(5)Vancouver Style(6)ACS (American Chemical Society)(7)AMA (American Medical Association) (1) MLA (Modern Language Association)格式強(qiáng)調(diào)文獻(xiàn)的作者，即文獻(xiàn)作者比文獻(xiàn)的發(fā)表時(shí)間更為重要。在這種格式中，參考文獻(xiàn)一詞通常使用 “work

15、s cited”，并居中安排，文獻(xiàn)按照字母順序排列，雙倍行距，各行之間不空行，每條文獻(xiàn)的第二行首字母要縮進(jìn)。e.g.Works CitedBook Author Last Name, Author First Name. Book Title. ed. Editor First Name Editor Last Name. City Published: Publisher, Year. Website Author Last Name, Author First Name. Site Title. ed. Editor First Name Last Name. Publication Da

16、y Month. Year. Accessed Day Month. Year. . (2) APA (American Psychological Association)格式是社會(huì)科學(xué)領(lǐng)域中的常用格式，在撰寫心理學(xué)和社會(huì)學(xué)相關(guān)文章時(shí)可以使用這種格式。與MLA不同的是，APA格式注重文獻(xiàn)的出版時(shí)間和標(biāo)題而非作者。在此格式中，參考文獻(xiàn)一詞使用References，居中排列，所有文獻(xiàn)按照首字母順序依次排列，雙倍行距，第二行首字母縮進(jìn)，并在頁面右上角加注頁碼和簡化的文章標(biāo)題。e.g.Title Page #ReferencesBook Author, First Initial. Middle I

17、nitial. (Year). Book Title. (Vols. Volume#(s). In First Initial. Middle Initial. Editor Last Name (Ed.), Published City, Published State: Publisher. Web Document Author Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial. (Year). In Web Document Title. (chap. Chapter/Section). Retrieved Month. Day, Year, from

18、URL Address (3) CMS (Chicago Manual of Style) 格式CMS格式最早是1890年芝加哥大學(xué)的學(xué)生使用的，因此而得名芝加哥格式。此格式多用于圖書、雜志、報(bào)紙以及包括藝術(shù)、歷史、文學(xué)等學(xué)科的人文科學(xué)領(lǐng)域。它注重標(biāo)注作者信息而非出版年代。在此格式中，參考文獻(xiàn)一詞使用Bibliography，居中排列，所有文獻(xiàn)按照首字母順序依次排列，兩條文獻(xiàn)之間雙倍行距，文獻(xiàn)內(nèi)單倍行距，每條文獻(xiàn)第一行左對(duì)齊，第二行首字母縮進(jìn)。e.g.BibliographyBook Author Last Name, First Name Middle Name. Book Title. C

19、ity Published: Publisher, Year Published. Website Author Last Name, First Name Middle Name. Site Title. Created Day Month Year. (Accessed Day Month Year). (4) CSE (Council of Science Editors) 格式CSE 格式形成于2000年，它是起源于1957年的CBS (Council Biology Editors) 格式的擴(kuò)展形式，此格式對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)要求嚴(yán)格，因此常用于科學(xué)研究領(lǐng)域或以國際交流為目的的相關(guān)領(lǐng)域，而不適合文

20、學(xué)領(lǐng)域。此格式中參考文獻(xiàn)一詞用Cited References，文獻(xiàn)不是按照首字母順序排列，而是按照文內(nèi)標(biāo)注出現(xiàn)的順序相應(yīng)排列，雙倍行距，第二行首字母縮進(jìn)，在頁面右上角標(biāo)注頁碼和文章標(biāo)題縮寫。e.g.Heading Page #Cited ReferencesWeb Document Author. Site Title home page on the Internet. Published City (Published State): Publisher; Year Month Day. cited Year Month Day. Available from: URL Address.

21、 Book Author Last Name, First Initial. Book Title. City Published (State Published): Publisher; Year. Total Page Numbers p. Exercise for 3.7 3.8 Appendix (附錄) Appendix is not necessary for each paper. It often includes the original materials, relevant materials and graphs, detailed data of the exper

22、iment, computing programs, tables, pictures, questionnaires, etc. Only part of the key materials are presented in order to protect the copyright.3.9 Introduction to Author(作者簡介)e.g.1 Viet-Thang Nguyen obtain B.Sc. (00), M.Sc. (03), and Ph.D. (07) from HUT-Vietnam, ICU-Korea, and NIITN-Italy, respect

23、ively. During doctor program, he mainly focused on modeling time-driven-switching (TDS) networks, and developing the first TDS test-bed under the IP-Flow project. His research interest includes optical networking, wireless networking and modeling. He is currently with Vegastar, a new startup busines

24、s in Hanoi-Vietnam. Tunable Laser-Based Design and Analysis for Fractional Lambda Switches (Viet-Thang Nguyen, Renato Lo Cigno, and Yoram Ofek), IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS, VOL. 56, NO. 6, JUNE 2008: 957-966 分析：這篇簡介首先講述作者獲取學(xué)士、碩士、博士學(xué)位的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)；接著闡述作者在博士期間的主要研究方向以及目前的研究興趣；最后介紹作者的工作單位。 e.g. 2 Zhe

25、feng Li received both the B.S. degree and the M.S. degree in electrical engineering from Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China, in 2001, 2004, respectively. He is currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark. H

26、is current research interests are space-time coding, and MIMI and OFDM systems. He was awarded an National Science Foundation (NSF) Travel Grant in 2007 for attending the ISIT 07. Single-Symbol ML Decoding for Orthogonal and Quasi-Orthogonal STBC in Clipped MIMO-OFDM Systems Using a Clipping Noise M

27、odel with Gaussian Approximation (Zhefeng Li and Xiang-Gen Xia), IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS, VOL. 56, NO. 7, JULY 2008: 1127-1136 分析：這篇簡介首先介紹作者獲取學(xué)士和碩士學(xué)位的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)；接著介紹作者目前攻讀博士學(xué)位的地點(diǎn)、研究興趣以及所獲獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)。 (1)Sentence patterns to express the achievement of an academic degree(表達(dá)獲取學(xué)位的句型)xx年xx在xx地方的xx大學(xué)xx系獲得了x

28、x專業(yè)xx學(xué)位。 received/obtained/was awarded the degree in (specialty) from Department at University， city, state or province, country, in year. xx年xx從xx地方的xx大學(xué)獲得xx學(xué)位。 received the degree from University, city, in year.xx在xx地方的xx大學(xué)xx系攻讀xx學(xué)位。 is currently pursing the degree with Department, University, cit

29、y. (2)Sentence patterns to express the working experience(表達(dá)工作經(jīng)歷的句型)xx在xx單位擔(dān)任xx。 holds position at/in/for. works/servers as/acts as for/in/at . is/was/ has been with as xx是xx地方xx大學(xué)xx系的副教授。 is an Associate Professor with xx Department, University, city.xx是xx大學(xué)xx系的教師。 is a faculty member of Department

30、 at University. (3)Sentence patterns to express the research direction and interests(表達(dá)研究方向和興趣的句型)xx目前的研究興趣包括。s current research interests include/are has focused his activity on (4)Sentence patterns to express the awards and the published paper (表達(dá)獲獎(jiǎng)或發(fā)表論文情況的句型)xx(因?yàn)閤x)獲取了xx獎(jiǎng) was awarded for is the

31、recipient of award for received award for was the winner of award.xx 是xx獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)的聯(lián)合獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)摺?was a joint recipient of award forxx是xx書的作者/聯(lián)合作者/第一作者。 is the author/coauthor/first-named author of book.xx 在xx領(lǐng)域已經(jīng)發(fā)表了xx篇文章。 has published papers in the area of Exercise for 3.9 5. Paper publishing (學(xué)術(shù)論文發(fā)表) 5.1 Formats

32、 and typesetting(格式與排版)5.2 How to submit a paper to the journal(如何投稿) 5.3 Review and proofreading(評(píng)審與校稿) 5.4 Copyright and permission (版權(quán)與許可) (1)有不少國外科技期刊采用LaTex或類似軟件排版，國內(nèi)科技期刊多采用北大方正、LaTex、Word等排版。(2)如果編輯部沒有特別說明，一般采用Microsoft Word來編輯論文 (3)數(shù)學(xué)公式編輯器MathType (4)參考文獻(xiàn)管理軟件，比如Endnote，Reference Manager，Bibli

33、oscape，NoteExpress等 5.1 Formats and typesetting(格式與排版)5.2 How to submit a paper to the journal(如何投稿) (1)Check the grammar and expression(2)Check if the paper satisfies the requirement of the journal (3)Check whether the references are complete and consistent(4)Check if there are any unpublished mate

34、rials contained in the paper, which may involve the improper use of copyright(5)Check whether the names of the author and the organization, and the way of contact are correct(6)Pay attention to the paper-approving method of the journal 5.2.1Try to choose a proper journal and check your paper before

35、submitting.e.g.Dear Prof. *(收稿人姓名),This is a manuscript by*and * (作者姓名) titled “論文題名”. It is submitted to be considered for publication in your journal. This paper is new. Neither the entire paper nor any part of its content has been published or has been accepted elsewhere. It is not being submitte

36、d to any other journal. We believe the paper may be of particular interest to the readers of your journal as the study results are of great importance to the development of this research field. (接著簡單介紹文章的主要?jiǎng)?chuàng)新點(diǎn)和意義，不宜過多，但要突出新意和關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)。)All authors have read and approved this version of the article.Corresp

37、ondence should be addressed to * (通訊人姓名) at the following address, phone and fax number, and email address: .Thanks very much for your attention to our paper. Sincerely yours, * (作者姓名) 5.2.2 How to write a cover letter(投稿信的寫作) 5.2.3 How to contact the editor after submitting the paper (投稿后與編輯的聯(lián)系) (1

38、) How to write a letter to the editor to confirm whether the paper has been received. e.g.Dear Editor，Three weeks ago we submitted our manuscript titled “Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Long-Term Transfusion Patients” to your journal, and we havent got the acknowledgement of receipt yet. Given this c

39、onsiderable time, we are now wondering whether you have received our paper. We are looking forward to your reply. Correspondence and phone calls about the paper should be directed to Rose N. Dipaola at the following address, phone and fax number, and e-mail address： Rose N. Dipaola，MD Institute of Internal MedicineCleveland Clinic Foundation9500 Euclid Ave.Cleve