高考英語易錯點歸納

1、高考英語易錯點歸納一 名詞性從句中的易錯點(一 that引導(dǎo)的定語從句與同位語從句定語從句與前面的的名詞是修飾與被修飾的關(guān)系, “ 的名詞 ” ,而同位語從句是用來 說明前面名詞的內(nèi)容。與 that 從句同位的名詞必須是一些表示事實或概念的抽象名詞,如 fact,news,belief,truth,reply 等。 That 在定語從句中必須作成分,可用 which 或 who/whom代 替,而 that 在同位語從句中不充當(dāng)任何句子成分,只起連接作用。如: Along with the letter was his promise that he would visit me this c

2、oming Christmas. Do you still remember the chicken farm that we visited three months ago.解析:在句 中, that 引導(dǎo)同位語從句解釋說明 promise 的內(nèi)容, that 不充當(dāng)任何句子 成分,只起連接作用,而在句 中, that 在其引導(dǎo)的定語從句中作動詞 visited 的賓語, 對先行詞 the chicken farm起修飾作用。感悟:學(xué)生之所以在這一點上容易出錯,主要還是因為對定語從句的理解不夠深刻, 分辨不出 that 在從句中是否充當(dāng)了句子成分,因此,還需在句子分析上下功夫,并且 搞清何

3、謂同位語從句。(二 名詞性從句中,關(guān)于 it 作形式主語和形式賓語的易錯點1. 名詞性從句作主語或賓語時,為保持句子平衡,常用 it 作形式主語或形式賓語。如: Its a pity that he dont come to give a speech.(形式主語We think it possible that you can finish the job today.(形式賓語2謂語動詞 appreciate, dislike, hate, like, love, make等接由 if 或 when 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時 往往在從句前加上形式賓語 it. 例如:I would apprecia

4、te it if you could come to my birthday party.3動詞 hare, take, hide, punish, put等 , 后接由 that 引導(dǎo)的病因從句式,往往在從句前加形 式賓語 it.例如: I take it that you will be leaving Shanghai soon. we punished it that we had finished the project ahead of time.4 短語動詞 answer for, count on depend on, insist on, see to等后接有 that 引導(dǎo)

5、的賓語從句時, 必須冠以形式賓語 it.例如: Im counting on it that you will come. Shell see to it that he goes ahead.注:作形式主語和形式賓語時只能用 it.二、定語從句引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞有 that, which, who (賓格 whom ,所有格 whose 和關(guān)系副詞 where when why 等,關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)一個成分,關(guān)系代詞 that , which,who,whom 等在從句中分別作主語或賓語, whose 在從句中作定語,而關(guān)系副詞 when,where,why 等在從句中

6、作狀語。如: I will never forget the days when/in which we worked together. I will never forget the days which/that we spent together.解析 :在句 中,表示時間的名詞 the days在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)氖菭钫Z,所以用關(guān)系副詞 when 來代指,引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾先行詞 the days;而在句 中,表示時間的名詞 the days在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)氖莿釉~ spent 的賓語,所以用關(guān)系代詞 that 或 which 來代指。同樣,表示地點或原因的名詞如果在從句中作狀語,則用關(guān)系副詞

7、where 或 why 來 代指;如果在從句中作動詞的賓語,則用 which 或 that 來代替。如: This is the factory where/in which I worked.(作狀語 This is the factory that/which I visited years ago.(作賓語注:當(dāng)先行詞為 time,reason, place時,引導(dǎo)詞可以省略。如: This was the first (when/what I had serious trouble with my boss. That is the reason (why I did it. This

8、 is the place (where we met yesterday.另外,定語從句中謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與先行詞的數(shù)相一致。如: Mr. Jackson is the only foreigner that is present at the party.0 He is one of the students who were praised by the teacher.解析 :在句 中,先行詞 foreigner 被 only 修飾,強(qiáng)調(diào)只有一個,所以從句中謂語動 詞用單數(shù)形式,而在句 中, who 引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾先行詞 the students,為復(fù)數(shù),所以 從句謂語動詞應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)。

9、感悟:學(xué)生之所以在這一點上經(jīng)常出錯,主要是對定語從句的理解不夠深刻,分辨 不出主句和從句,對句子成分的把握也不到位,搞不清關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞在從句中充當(dāng) 何種句子成分。所以要做好這一類題,要首先弄清關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的用法,而且應(yīng)善 于分辨和分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)及其相應(yīng)成分,這樣才能對癥下藥,快速準(zhǔn)確地找到瓿之所在。三、代詞 it 、 one 、 that 的用法與區(qū)別 .One 泛指,指代前面提到的那類人或物,用于指代可數(shù)名詞,相當(dāng)于 a+名詞單數(shù),其復(fù)數(shù)形式 ones 前一般要有定語,否則就要用 some.That (those 復(fù)數(shù)即可指代不可數(shù)名詞,表特指,相當(dāng)于 the+名詞,后面經(jīng)常與介

10、詞修飾語連用。It 指代上文出現(xiàn)的名詞,表示同類同物,另外還可表示時間、距離、天氣、還可指代 人稱代詞,表示性別身份不明,可作形式主語,形式賓語,引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句式以及一些固定搭 配,如:get it, catch it, make it.例如: I have lost my watch. I think I must buy one.我丟了只表, 我想我必須再買一只。 (代指上文指到的同類事物,但不指同一個 Where is my pen? Have you seen it? 我的鋼筆不知弄到哪去了,你見了嗎?(代指 上文提到的同一事物 The land of China is larger th

11、an that of America. Tome has a red pen and a blue one (或 two blue ones He has no child, and he wants to adopt one (或 some 四、虛擬語氣I 虛擬語氣在 if 引導(dǎo)的條件句中的易錯點。 if my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going. if you had studied hard at school, you would be a college student n

12、ow.句子 都是虛擬語氣在條件句中的使用,從句中都是假設(shè)過去的情況,所以用過去完成 時,但在主句中,句 依然指代過去的情況,謂語動詞是 would have done,而 中含有一 個表示現(xiàn)在的時間狀語 now, 這樣就必須將其理解為假設(shè)現(xiàn)在的情況,所以謂語動詞必須 為 would/should/might+動詞原形,學(xué)生在這一點上經(jīng)常會忽略 now 的存在,從而按句 的 形式填寫答案。 虛擬語氣在名詞性從句中的用法1. 在 it is important (strange, natural, necessary+that 句子或者 It is decided (ordered, sugg e

13、sted, demanded, advised+that句子中,主語從句中的謂語動詞常用(should +動 詞原形結(jié)構(gòu),表示某事 “ 重要 ” 、 “ 必要 ” 、 “ 被決定 ” 等例如: it is important that everyone (should obey the rules all day and all night. it is decided that the meeting (should be held tomorrow afternoon.2. suggest, insist 后面指賓語從句時需注意的地方1 suggest 當(dāng) “ 建議 ”“ 提出 ” 講時,

14、其后賓語從句的謂語動詞常用 “should+動詞原形 ” 例如:He suggested that the work (should be started at once 他建議立即動工。類似的動詞還有 insist 堅持, demand 要求, desire 要求、請求, request 請求, require 要 求、需要, order 命令, propose 建議, command 命令, ask 要求, advise 建議, prefer 寧愿 等。這些動詞變被動語態(tài)(如:It is suggested + that主語從句形式后,主語從句謂語動詞 仍用 “ (should +動詞原形

15、 ”這些動詞變名詞(如 suggestion 后,其后的表語從句和同位語從句中的謂語部分仍用 “(should+動詞原形 ” suggest 當(dāng) “ 提出(某看法,暗示,啟發(fā) ” 講時,其后賓語從句的動詞不用虛擬語氣。 例如:(1 The police suggested that the thief might be one of the family member警察局提出竊賊可能是一名家庭成員。(2 Her yawns suggests that she is sleepy. 她打哈欠表明她困了。(3 Although he didnt suggest that we _ the dec

16、ision to swim across the river, but his look suggested that our decision _wrong.雖然他沒提出我們應(yīng)該終止游過這條河的決定,但他的 表情表明我們的決定是錯誤的。A :stop; was B: should stop; be C: stopped ;was D: stopped; should be在這個句子中,前一個 suggest 當(dāng) “ 建議 ”“ 提出 ” 講,而后一個作 “ 表明 ” 講,所以答案為 “A”2 insist 作 “ 堅決要求 該 ;堅持認(rèn)為 定要 ” 講時,其后賓語從句的謂語動詞用 “(sho

17、uld+動詞原形 ”例如:I insisted that you (should be there on time.我堅持認(rèn)為你應(yīng)該準(zhǔn)時到那里去 insist 作 “ 堅持(意見,看法;堅持說,確信 ” 講時,其后從句不用虛擬語氣。例如:He suggested (that he heard someone in the next room. 他堅持說他聽到隔壁屋子里有 人。五 . 反意疑問句中的易錯點1. 在一般疑問句中,無論肯定的問或是否定的問,如果回答為肯定則用 yes ,反之則用 no. 特別注意如果出現(xiàn)省略則看下文所暗示的意義。 Are you a new comer? Yes, I

18、 came here only yesterday. Isnt Tom a good student? Yes, he is excellent. Dont you think the composition good?No, It cant be any worse.注意:在 句中,當(dāng)回答的意思與問句相一致時,則用 No ,譯為 “ 是的 ” ,當(dāng)回答的意思 與問句相反時,則用 Yes ,譯為 “ 不 ”2. 情態(tài)動詞 must I must leave now, mustnt I ? He must be in the classroom, isnt ?(表推測 He must have

19、finished his homework, hasnt he ? (表現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果 He must have finished his homework yesterday afternoon,didnt he? (表過去 當(dāng)句子中有表示猜測的情態(tài)動詞時,其反意疑問句的構(gòu)成不能再用原句中的情態(tài)動 詞,而應(yīng)根據(jù)原句在去掉情態(tài)動詞的情況下的主謂關(guān)系來確定其反問形式。六、非謂語動詞中的易錯點非謂語與其邏輯主語(即動作的執(zhí)行者或承受者之間有三種關(guān)系,如為主謂關(guān)系, 則用現(xiàn)在分詞或不定式的主動式;如為被動關(guān)系則用過去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(強(qiáng) 調(diào)動作正在進(jìn)行或不定式的被動式(動作將進(jìn)行;如既無主動也無被動

20、關(guān)系則只 能用狀語從句或獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)(即非謂語加上自己的邏輯主語。Judging/considering/genrally speaking/supposing 指說話者的動作,故只用主動式。如: Having been ill in bed for nearly a month , he had a hard time passing the exam.解析:從這個句子可以看出,句詞的邏輯主語與句子的主語 he 一致,并且是主謂關(guān) 系,所以用了現(xiàn)在的分詞作狀語,同時,分詞的動作明顯地發(fā)生在句子的謂語動詞動 作之前,故采用了現(xiàn)代分詞的完成式。In order to improve English ,