牛津譯林版八年級下冊被動語態(tài)專項練習

1、八下牛津英語語法講解與練習-被動語態(tài)一、各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時：am/is/are+動詞過去分詞Carsaremadebythem.一般過去時：was/were+動詞過去分詞TheMP3wasboughtbymyfather.一般將來時：will/shall/begoingtobe+動詞過去分詞Thebridgewillbecompletedintendays.現(xiàn)在完成時：have/hasbeen+動詞過去分詞Themeetinghasbeenputoff.二、含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)含有情態(tài)動詞的主動句變成被動句時，由“情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞”構成，原來帶to的情態(tài)動詞變成被動語態(tài)后、

2、。仍”要保留。歌訣是：情態(tài)動詞變動，情態(tài)加be加“過分”。例如：wecanrepairthiswatchintwodays.fThiswatchcanberepairedintwodays.Wemustfinishthisworksoon.fThisworkmustbedonesoon.Wehavetocleantheclassroom.fTheclassroomhastobecleanedbyus.三、主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)需要注意的幾個問題(1)時態(tài)保持一致。Ihaverepairedmycomputer.-Mycomputerhasbeenrepaired.(2)如果要說出動作的執(zhí)行者，并且

3、這個執(zhí)行者可以作主動語態(tài)中主語時，就用by短語，如果后面的詞表示地點，不是動作的執(zhí)行者，就用in短語。Itismadebyus.ItismadeinWuhan.(3)主動句的主語是代詞的主格形式，變成被動句by的賓語時要用其賓格形式。Hecleanedthecar.fThecarwascleanedbyhim.(4)疑問句的被動語態(tài)，用be動詞的對應形式代替doDoesshedrivethiscar?fIsthiscardrivenbyher?(5)謂語為動詞短語的被動語態(tài)不能丟掉動詞短語的介詞或副詞。HisbestIriendoftenlooksafterhim.-Heisoftenlook

4、edafterbyhisbestfriend.主動句中有一些動詞如buy,send,give,show,olTer,tell,lend,teach等，帶有雙賓語，一個是直接賓語(指物)，另一個是間接賓語(指人)，主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，可以把間接賓語變成主語，保留直接賓語，也可以把直接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，保留間接賓語，但此時一般在間接賓語前加一個介詞。Myfathergavemeabook.f(1)1wasgivenabookbymyfather.f(2)Abookwasgiventomebymyfather.Sheshowedmesomephotos.f(1)1wasshownsomephotos

5、byher.f(2)Somephotoswereshowntomebyher.注意：有些雙賓語動詞，如do,pass,sell,send,sing,bring,write等，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，通常以直接賓語作主語，保留間接賓語，其前面根據(jù)情況用介詞t?；騠orShewrotemealetter.fAletterwaswrittentomebyher.有些雙賓語動詞如answer,save,envy(羨慕)等，通常以間接賓語作被動語態(tài)主語，保留直接賓語。Heansweredmethatquestion.fIwasansweredthatquestionbyhim.(7)主動語態(tài)句中使役動詞和感官動

6、詞的賓語補足語為不帶to的不定式，但變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時要加上to,這類的動詞有make,have,let,notice,see,watch,lookat,hear,listento,feelhelp等。Mr.Leemadehimwashthedishes,fHewasmadetowashthedishes.Isawaboycrossthestreet.fAboywasseentocrossthestreet.(8)Itissaidthat+從句及其他類似句型一些表示“據(jù)說”或“相信”的動詞如believe,consider,expect,report,say,suppose,think等可以用于句

7、型“+Itbe+過去分詞+that從句”或“主語+be+過去分詞+todosth.o有"：Itissaidthat據(jù)說,Itisreportedthat據(jù)報道，Itisbelievedthat大家相信，Itishopedthat大家希望，Itiswe11knownthat眾所周知，Itisthoughtthat大家認為,Itissuggestedthat據(jù)建議。彳列Itissaidthattheboyhaspassedthenationalexam.(=Theboyissaidtohavepassedthenationalexam.)四、謂語動詞的主動形式表示被動意義1、(1)英語中

8、有很多動詞如break,catch,clean,drive,lock,open,sell,read,write,wash,cut,wear等，當它們被用作不及物動詞來描述主語特征時，常用其主動形式表達被動意義，主語通常是物。例Thiskindofclothwasheswe11.Thecoatssellwell.Theknifecutswell.這刀好使。Theshoeswearlong.這鞋耐穿。注意：主動語態(tài)表被動強調的是主語的特征，而被動語態(tài)則強調外界作用造成的影響。試比較：Thedoorwontlock.(指門本身有毛病)Thedoorwontbelocked.(指不會有人來鎖門，指“門

9、沒有鎖”是人的原因)(2)表示“發(fā)生、進行”的不及物動詞和短語，如：happen,last,takeplace,breakout,comeout(出現(xiàn))等以主動形式表示被動意義。(3)系動詞沒有被動形式，但有些表示感受、感官的連系動詞feel,sound,taste,book,feel等在主系表結構中常以主動形式表示被動意義。Yourreasonsoundsreasonable.2、在某些句型中可用動名詞和不定式的主動形式表被動意義。(1)在need,want,require等詞的后面,動名詞用主動形式表示被動意義，其含義相當于動詞不定式的被動形式。Thehouseneedsrepairing

10、(toberepaired).這房子需要修理。(2)在某些“形容詞+不定式”做表語或賓語補足語的結構中，句子的主語或賓語又是動詞不定式的邏輯賓語時，這時常用不定式的主動形式表達被動意義。這些形容詞有nice,easy,fit,hard,difficult,important,impossible,pleasant,interesting等。Thisproblemisdifficulttoworkout.(可看作toworkout省略了forme).(3)在to。to結構中，不定式前面可加邏輯主語，所以應用主動形式表示被動意義。Thisbookistooexpensive(forme)tobuy

11、.五、下列情況不能用于被動語態(tài)1 .不及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài)這類動詞常見的有：takeplace,happen,last,rise,breakout,appear等Theaccidenthappenedlastnight.(J)Theaccidentwashappenedlastnight.()x2 .系動詞沒有被動語態(tài)這些動詞有：feel,turn,taste,sound,smell,look,get,become等。8下被動語態(tài)專項練習一、按要求改寫下列句子l.IsteagrowninSouthChina?(改為主動語態(tài))peopleteainSouthChina?1.1 amgivenab

12、irthdaypresentbymyparentseveryyear.(同義句轉換)Abirthdaypresentbymyparentseveryyear3 .ThechildrenwillsinganEnglishsong.(改為被動語態(tài))AnEnglishsongbythechildren.4 .Youneedn'tdoitnow.(改為被動語態(tài))Itbyyounow.5 .Peopleusemetalformakingmachines.（改為被動語態(tài)）Metaimakingmachines.6 .Hemademedothatforhim.（改為被動語態(tài)）Ithatforhim.

13、1. .SomePeoplenoticedthoseworkersmakingmachines.（改為被動語態(tài)）Thoseworkersmakingmachines.8. Theyoftensawtheboywatchthefootballmatcheslastyear.（改為被動語態(tài)）Theboyoftenthefootballmatchesbythem.9. Didtheybuildabridgehereayearago?（改為被動語態(tài)）abridgeherebythemayearago?10. HarryJonesdesignedthegame.（改為被動語態(tài)）ThegameHarryJ

14、ones.11. Heoftenmakesusworkfortenhoursaday.（改為被動語態(tài)）Weoftentofortenhoursaday.12. Myparentsbuymeabirthdaycakeeveryyear.（改為被動語態(tài)）（1）1abirthdaycakebymyparentseveryyear.（2）Abirthdaycakemebyparentseveryyear.13. Wenoticedhimeatingsnacksinclass.（改為被動語態(tài)）Heeatingsnacksinclassbyus.14. Heplantsmanytreeseveryyear

15、.（把句子改為被動語態(tài)）Manytreesbyhimeveryyear.15. Theteachermadehimhandinhomeworkbeforeclass.（把句子改為被動語態(tài)）Hewashandinhomeworkbeforeclass（bytheteacher）.16. HeboughtaCD-ROMlastyear.（把句子改為被動語態(tài)）ACD-ROMlastyear.17. HeorganizesactivitiesoftheComputerClub.（把句子改為被動語態(tài)）ActivitiesoftheComputerClubbyhim.18. .Doeseveryonein

16、theworldknowtheGreatWall?（把句子改為被動語態(tài)）theGreatWallintheworld?19.Igavehimapresentyesterday.（把句子改為被動語態(tài)）ApresenthimbymeYesterday.20.Theworkersbuiltthebridgein2004.（把句子改為被動語態(tài)）Thebridgebytheworkersin2004.二、單項選擇1. Eachyearquitealotoffoodaroundtheworld.A.waswastedB.iswastedC.wastedD.willbewasted2. Thesickman

17、tohospitalbythepolicemananhourago.A.istakenB.wastakenC.takesD.took3. Elephantscarrywoodbypeoplelongtimeago.A.wastrainedB.trainedtoC.traintoD.weretrainedto4. Whyareyousoexcitedtoday?-Weweretoldapicnicthisweekend.A.haveB.tohaveC.havingD.had5. Themeetingtwoweeksago.A.holdB.washeldC.wereheldD.isheld6. T

18、hethiefbythepolicelastnight.A.caughtB.iscaughtC.wascaughtD.werecaught7. LastyearBeyingbyabigsandstorm.A.ishitB.werehitC.willbehitD.washit8. 一Susan,whyareyoustillhere?Theyareallreadytostart.-I'msorry,butIwhentomeet.A.don'ttellB.didn'ttellC.haven'ttoldD.wasn'ttold9. .TweIve-year-oI

19、dsshouldnottodriveinChina.A. allowB. be allowC. allowedD. be allowed-6 -well.10. Thislisteningmaterial,togetherwithitsCD-ROMs,A.seDsB.sellC.issoldD.aresold11. -Atpresent,oneofthebestwaystostudyisworkingingroups.-Morechancestostudentstolearnfromeachother.A.ofterB.areoflaredC.haveoHeredD.areoffering12

20、. -anewlibraryinourschoollastyear?-Yes,itwas.A.Is;builtB.Was;builtC.Does;buildD.Did;build13. "Whattheplaneoften?Atrainingcentre.A.is;usedasB.-was;usedtoC.is;usedtoD.was;usingas14. HewasseenabankjustnowA.toenterB.toenterintoC.enterD.enteringinto15. Weretheyheardatthattime?A.talkandlaughB.totalka

21、ndlaughC.talkingandlaughingD.talkedandlaughed16. Thenewflatsinthecentreofthetownwell.A.sellsB.sellC.issoldD.aresold17. TheWorldCupeveryfouryears.A.takesplaceB.istakenplaceC.isheldD.BothAandC18.Oldpeopleareoftenpolitelybytheyounginourcountry.A.spokentoB.speakingC.spokenD.speaking19. Boysandgirls,have

22、youfinisheddrawingthepictures?Yes,theyamomentago.A. have finishedB. were finishedC .are finishedD. finished20. Marydidn'tknowwherethebirthdaycardandlookedworried.A.washidingB.washiddenC.hidD.hidden21. Tombyhisclassmatesbecausehemadeacarelessmistake.A.laughedatB.waslaughedatC.laughedD.waslaughed2

23、2. Theydayandnight.AaremadeworkBaremadetoworkCmadetobeworkedDaremakingtowork23. Youmaygofishingifyourwork.AisdoneBwillbedoneChasdoneDhavedone24. ThesekindsofCD-ROMSinthatshopoverthere.Theywell.Aaresold,aresoldBaresold,sellCsell,sellDsell,aresold25. MrChenhasaloudvoice.Hisvoicecanclearlyeveninthatbig

24、classroom.AhearBbeheardCbehearingDhaveheard26. Doyouliketheflower?Yes,itsweet.AsmellsBissmellingCsmeltDissmelt27. Englishinmanycountries,buttheChinesetheirownlanguage.A.speaks;spokenB.isspoken;isspokenC.isspoken;speakD.isspoken;speaks28. -HowmanycakescanIhave,Mum?-None,dear.Theyforyourfather.A.prepa

25、reBpreparedC.havepreparedD.wereprepared29. HisnewbookhasAcomeonBbeencomeonCcomeoutDbeencomeout30. Foodandclothestothechildreninpoorareasbythevolunteers.A.handoutBarehandedoutCarehandingoutDworkedout三、用()里詞的適當形式填空1 .Youngtrees(water)welleveryday.2 .Thirtybikes(repair)byUncleWanglastweek.3 .Thiskindof

26、machine(use)forcuttingthings.4 .Manystrangethings(take)placeeveryyear.5 .Rice(grow)twpthousandyearsagobyChinesepeople.6 .Information(keep)inthecomputerjustnow.7.Childrenunder1.2minheightshould(nottake)totheconcerthall.8.Activities(plan)tohelpthepooreveryyear.9.Ourclassroomissodirtyanditneeds(clean).

27、10 Jackisverytunny.Iamalwaysmade(laugh)11 .Thegoodnewsisthatmostofthecasesofblindnesscan(cure).12 .Childrenshould(treat)withkindness.13 .Shewasmade(wait)halfanhour.14. Usuallythoseletters(write)inEnglishinthepast.15. DoyouknowthatOxfom(set)upintheUKin1942?16. Anewfilm(show)atRedStarCinemayesterday.1

28、7. Whatyourcomputer(use)for?-Sendingandreceivinge-mails.18. Youmaygooutandplayassoonasyourhomework(finish).五、完形填空1Nowcomputersarevery1amongyoungpeople.Lastweek,weaskedthirtyyoungpeople2fourteenandeighteen.Weaskedhowmuch3theyusuallyspentontheircomputersinaweek,butwe4mostinterestedin5theyusedtheircomp

29、utersfor.TheusualtimespentonacomputerinaweekwasabouttweIvehours,with6useraboutthirty-twohours,andthelowestuseronlyfivehours.Allthechildrensaidtheyusuallyusedcomputers7.Fourteenchildrentoldustheydidsomewordprocessing(文字處理),OnlytwoofthemsaidcomputersJheirlessons,andeightchildrentoldustheykeptaddresses

30、andphonenumbersintheircomputersorusedI0towritediaries.Onlythreechildrensaidtheywerelearningtomakecomputerprogramsandnobodylookedupdatabases(數(shù)據(jù)庫).Noneofthemusedcomputersforany11use.The12showthatcomputeruseisquitehighamongyoungpeopleof14-18yearsold.Theyalsoshowquiteclearlythatcomputers13bymostyoungpeo

31、pleaslittlemorethangamemachines.14"houghcomputersarecommoninthehomesofyoungpeople,theyhavenotyetbecome15ineverydaylife.( )1. A. common( )2. A. among( )3. A. hours( )4. A. is( )5. A. what( )6. A. high( )7. A. to read( )8. A. at times( )9. A. found out( )10.A. theirs( )11.A. another( )12.A. ways(

32、 )13.A. are seenB.cheapB.betweenB. moneyB. wasB. whyB. higherB. readingB. as usualB. worked atB. themB. otherB. questionsB. have seenC.easyC. fromC. timeC. areC. howC. highestC. to play gamesC. in the endC. helped withC. itsC. the otherC. reportsC. will be seenD. difficultD. aboutD. /D. wereD. wheth

33、erD. the highestD. playing gamesD. all the timeD. looked overD. itD. othersD. results (結果)D. see)14. A. More or lessB. From now onC. By the way D. It seems to us that-11 -()15.A.wondertUlB.popularC.usefulD.expensive六、閱讀理解Lifecomesinapackage.Thispackageincludeshappinessandsadness,failureandsuccess,ho

34、peanddespair.Lifeisalearningprocess.Experiencesinlifeteachusnewlessonsandmakeusabetterperson.Witheachpassingdaywelearntodealwithvarioussituations.Loveplaysamainroleinourlife.Lovemakesyoufeelwanted.Withoutloveapersoncouldbecomecruel(殘忍的).Intheearlystageofourlife,ourparentsaretheoneswhoshowuswithlovea

35、ndcare.Theyteachusaboutwhatisrightandwrong,goodandbad.Butwedon'taIwayscareaboutit.Itisonlyaftermamageanhavingkidsthatapersonunderstandsothers'feelings.Happinesscanbringpeopleapeacefulmind.Nomindishappywithoutpeace.Sadnessisthecauseofthedeathofalovedoneorthefailure.Butallofthesethingswillpass

36、away.Failureisthewaytosuccess.Ithelpsustotouchthesky,teachesustosurviveandshowsusaspecificway.Successbringsinmoney,prideandserespect.Hopeiswhatkeepslifegoing.ParentsaIwayshopetheirchildrenwilldowe11.Hopemakesusdream.Hopebuildsinpatience.Lifeteachesusnottodespaireveninthedarkesthour,becauseafterevery

37、nightthereisaday.Lifeteachesusnottoregret(后'悔)overyesterday,forithaspassedandisoutofourcontrol.Tomorrowisunknown,foritcouldeitherbebrightordark.Sotheoolychoiceistoworkhardtoday,sothatwewillenjoyabetteromoirow.)1. We usually have to acceptif we want to be successful.A. loveB. failureC.sadnessD.ho

38、pe()2.Inwhichsectioncanreadersprobablyreadthepassage?A.Business.B.TravelC.Lifestyles.D.Education.()3.Whatdoestheword“despair”meaninChinese?A.頹廢B.遺憾C.悲傷D.絕望()4.What'sthemeaningofthelastsentenceofthewholepassage?A.Whenchoosingbetween“today”and“tomorrow”,you'dbetterenjoytomorrow.B.Ifyouworkhardtoday,you'11haveabetterlifeinthefuture.C.Whatyoucanonlychooseistoworkha