高中英語必修四第四單元知識點

1、1. burst 爆裂 , 突發(fā)The square is bursting with tourists.廣場上到處都是游客。I felt as if my heart would burst with joy.我覺得自己高興得心花怒放。The police burst through the door.警察破門而入。There was a burst of laughter in the next room. 隔壁房間里突然爆發(fā)出一陣笑聲。 聯(lián)想擴(kuò)展：他突然打斷了我們的談話。演講者突然講粗話。那個婦女突然像小孩一樣哭了。我迫不及待的想告訴你這個消息。(1) burs t in on 突然打斷

2、 He burst in on our conversation.(2) burst into +n. 突然The speaker burst into angry speech.(3) burst out + doing 突然 The woman burst out crying like a child.(4) burst to do sth. 迫切想做某事I am bursting to tell you the news.2. suffer用法歸納：A, 受苦 He suffered terribly when his mother died.B, 受到損失If I lost, my

3、self-esteem will suffer.C, 遭受He suffered no pain聯(lián)想擴(kuò)展： suffer from1、受之苦I suffered most from lack of rest.2、患病 I am suffering from a cold.特別提示：suffer 表示“患病”時，后面一般跟疾病名稱。such heavy pollution already , it may now be too late to clean upthe river .A. Having suffered B. SufferingC. To sufferD. Suffered3. r

4、each 用法歸納： （ 1）到達(dá) The started early, hoping to reach there before dark. 它們很早就出發(fā)，希望天 黑前到達(dá)那里。易混辨析：reach; get; arrive 到達(dá)reach 后直接加地點； get 加 to 再加地點； arrive 后加 at/ in 再加地點， at 后加小 地點； in 后加大地點。如果表示地點的詞是副詞， get 和 arrive 后都不能用介詞。另外， 只表示“到了”，不強(qiáng)調(diào)到什么地方用 arrive 。 （ 2 ）達(dá)到The number of the students in our schoo

5、l will reach 2000 next year.（3 ）用手或腳夠到Can you reach the book on the top of the shelf你能夠到書架頂上的那本書嗎特別提示： reach 還可以作名詞，表示“用手或腳能夠到的范圍；管轄范圍或臂展”。Please pass me the salt, it s out of my reach. 請把鹽遞給我，我夠不到。（ 4）傳到某人手中/ 耳中Your letter reached me yesterday. 我昨天收到你的來信。The news reached me just now. 我剛剛聽到那個消息。（ 5

6、）通向；延伸Where does this road reach 這條路通向哪里 即時活用：1 、 Most children stay at home until they school age.A. getC. reachD. arrive2 、 Dear Jenny, thank you for your letter which on April 1st.A. arrived B. arrived atC. arrivingD. arrived me3 、 It is that the letter will you this afternoon.A. most like; arriv

7、eB. likely; reach C. mostly like; getD.best like; reach 4. cover （ 1 ）覆蓋The playground is covered by fallen leaves, we should clean it.特別提示：表示"覆蓋”時，常用 coverwith / by 句型，并且譯法比較靈活。I am covered by dust. 我滿身都是土。 She covered her face with her hands. 她 用雙手捂著臉。（ 2 ）包括；包含；涉及The study of physics covers

8、many subjects.（3） 保護(hù)；掩護(hù)The mother covered the baby from the falling ceiling.母親保護(hù)嬰兒不受下落的天花板的傷害。（ 4 ）走完多少路；看完多少頁書。I can cover 100 Li on foot a day.我一天不行能走100 里。How many pages have you covered 你看完了多少頁書（ 5 ）占多大面積Our school covers an area of square meters.我們學(xué)校占地60000 平方米。特別提示： 表示“占多大面積”用covers an area of

9、 + 數(shù)詞。（ 6 ）采訪The chief editor sent a reporter to cover the event.主編派了一記者去采訪整個事件。1 、 The farm is huge, lying between the valleys, and an area of 15 squarekilometers.A. covered B. being coveredC. covering D. covers2 、 This is a long hard winter, with everything white.A. coveredB. covered byC. covering

10、 D. covering with3 、 This book is said to be a special one which many events not foundin other history books.A. writesB. coversC.printsD. reads4 、 This is a long hard winter, with everythingA. coveredB. covered by_ white.C. covering5、The farm is huge, lyingbetween the valleys, andD. covered withan a

11、rea of 15 squarekilometers.A. covered5. dig outB. being covered 挖出；發(fā)現(xiàn)；捐錢C. coveringD. coversIt is not easy to dig out the past.發(fā)掘過去的歷史是不容易的。他遇雪崩被埋住了，得把他挖He was buried by an avalanche and had to be dug out. 出來。聯(lián)想擴(kuò)展：dig down 挖下 dig in 開始細(xì)致的工作 dig at 挖苦；嘲笑某人dig deep 挖深；挖出來6. 表示方位的介詞 in / on用法歸納：/ to /

12、off( 1 ) in 表示在范圍里的某個方向Shanghai is in the east of China.(2) on 表示接壤Canada is on the north of the USA.(3) to 表示不在范圍里，也不接壤上海在中國的東部。加拿大在美國北邊。Japan lies to the east of China.特別提示：上邊的句子可以改寫為：Japan lies east of China.日本在中國東邊。或者East of China lies Japan.改正過的句子省略了介詞 to ， 原因在于表示方向的名詞還可以作副詞， 表示“在什么方向”或“去什么方向”。

13、(4) off 表示A. 在范圍里但不接壤(多指各國的島嶼)Taiwan is off the east of China.B.在離不遠(yuǎn)處My house is off the main road.臺灣在中國的東部。我家離大路不遠(yuǎn)。1、 Taiwan liesthe southeast of Fujian, which is southeast of China.A. in; onB. to; inC. on; inD. to; on2 、 They traveled , all the way up to Wisconsin .A. the northB. in the north7. ke

14、ep / stop /prevent from doingC. northD. the southWhat prevented you from coming on time主動句中，stop 和 prevent 后的 from個詞后面的from 都不能省略。即時活用：It seems very difficult .A. to stop the child to cryC. to keep the child from crying8. make sure = be sure防止/阻止一發(fā)生什么事情使你沒有按時到可以省略， keep 后的 from 不能省略。被動句中，三B. prevent

15、ing the child cryingD. holding the child s cryingdig for 發(fā)掘；搜集dig into 鉆研 dig up 掘起；挖出(1) + to do 一定；務(wù)必Be sure to come on time this afternoon.下午一定要按時到。(2) + of + n.把一弄確切I know there is a train to Beijing tonight, but you should make sure of the time.(3) + that 從句We are sure that China will become a

16、strong and powerful country. be sure / make sure to do = be certain to do be sure / make sure of + n. = be certain of + n. be sure / make sure + that =be certain + that 當(dāng)be sure / make sure + that 時，句子的主語必須是人；而 be certain + that 時， 句子的主語用 it 。1、 It is that they both have the greatest respect for eac

17、h other.A. certainB. sureC.certainlyD. surely2、 -Henry, the light is when you leave the lab. -All right.A. be sure; turned downB. make sure; turned offC. sure; turn offD. make sure; turning off9. protect vt. 保護(hù) ( 1) protect sth. To protect the environment, we should drive less. 為了保護(hù)環(huán)境，我們應(yīng)該少開車。( 2 )

18、protect sth. / sb. from + n.You should wear a pair of dark glasses to protect your eyes from the snow.( 3 ) protect sb. / sth. from doing Ge You speaks carefully in public to protect himself from being hurt. ( 4) protect A against BThe tree belts can protect this area against shifting sand.1 、 He ra

19、ised both his arms to protect his face the ball.A. fromB. forC. with D. to2 、 At the meeting, we reached a conclusion that we should do what we could the Yellow River from being further polluted.A. to protectB. protectingC. protectD.protected3 、 You d better wear your sunglasses to protect your eyes

20、 _the sun.A. fromB. withC. inD. underis no + doing是不可能的There is no knowing how old he is.不知道他多大。There is no persuading him to give up his idea.不可能說服他放棄他的觀點。11、大量的 修飾不可數(shù)名次a great / good deal / a large amount of / much修飾可數(shù)名次many / a number of / a great(good) many即可修飾可數(shù)名次也可修飾不可數(shù)名次plenty of / a lot of /

21、 lots of / a largequantity of / quantities of / a mass of / masses of 1、 I spent of my time in this work.A. a plentyB. a good many C. a good deal D. great deal2、- How many books does he have - He possesses them.A. plenty ofB. very muchC. a great dealD. an amount ofThose who welcomed the railway saw

22、it as more than a rapid and comfortable means of passing. They actually saw it as afactor in world peace. They did not foresee that the railway would be just one more means for the rapid movement of aggressive armies. None of them foresaw that the more weare together-the more chances there are of wa

23、r. Any boy or girl who is one of a large family knows that.Whenever any new invention is put forward, those for it and those against it can always find medical men to approve or condemn. The anti-railway group produced doctors who said that tunnels would be most dangerous to public health:they would

24、produce colds, catarrhs （粘膜炎） and consumptions. The deafening noise and the glare of the engine fire, would have a bad effect on the nerves. Further, being moved through the air at a high speed would do grave injury to delicate lungs. In those with high blood-pressure, the movement of the train migh

25、t produce apoplexy （中 風(fēng)） . The sudden plunging of a train into the darkness of a tunnel, and the equally sudden rush into full daylight, would cause great damage to eyesight. But the pro-railway group was of course able to produce equally famous medical men to say just the opposite. They said that t

26、he speed and swing of the train would equalize the circulation, promote digestion, tranquilize the nerves, and ensure good sleep.The actual rolling-stock was anything but comfortable. If it was a test of endurance to sit for four hours outside a coach in rain, or inside in dirty air, the railway off

27、ered little more in the way of comfort. Certainly the first-class carriages had cushioned seats; but the second-class had only narrow bare boards, while the third-class had nothing at all; no seats and no roof; they were just open trucks. So that third-class passengers gained nothing from the few mo

28、deexcept speed. In the matter of comfort, indeed they lost; they did, on the coaches, have a seat, but now they had to stand all the way, which gave opportunities to the comic （滑 稽的） press. This kind of thing: A manwas seen yesterday buying a third-class ticket for the new London and Birmingham Rail

29、way. The state of his mind is being enquired into.A writer in the early days of railways wrote feelingly of both second-andthird-class carriages. He made the suggestion that the directors of the railways must have sent all over the world to find the hardest possible wood. Of the open third-class tru

30、cks he said thatthey had the peculiar property of meeting the rainfrom whatever quarter it came. He described them as horizontal shower-baths, from whose searching power there was no escape.16. All boys and girls in large families know that.A) a boy and a girl usually fight when they are togetherB)

31、people tend to be together more than they used to beO a lot of people being together makes fights likelyD) Railway leads the world to peace17. According to those who welcomed the railway, the railway itself should include all the following except.A)the railway enables people travel fast B) the railw

32、ay brings comfortto peopleO the railway makes the world peaceful D ) the railway leads the world to war as well.18. According to the anti-railway group, all the followings are true but.A) tunnels are dangerous to public healthB) the noise and the glare of the engine fire may affect people's nervesOthe rapid speed through the air does damage to people's lungsD) to those with h