建筑史中英文對(duì)照

1、建筑史中英文對(duì)照建史名詞中英文對(duì)照：中國(guó)古代建筑及構(gòu)造宮palace,temple殿hall廳hall又稱(chēng)“堂”室room房house亭pavilion臺(tái)platform壇altar樓storied building閣pavilion廊colonnade榭pavilion on terrace水榭waterside pavilion軒windowed veranda民居folk house四合院courtyard house寨stockaded village舫boat house闕que, watchtower牌樓pailou, decorated gateway華表huabiao, orn

2、amental pillar塔pagoda硬山flush gable roof懸山overhanging gable roof歇山gable and hip roof廡殿hip roof四阿hip roof卷棚round ridge roof重檐double eave roof攢尖pyramidal roof園攢尖round pavilion roof大木wooden structure大式wooden frame with dougong小式wooden frame without dougong大木作carpentry work小木作joinery work抬梁式構(gòu)架post and li

3、ntel construction穿斗式構(gòu)架column and tie construction井干式構(gòu)架log cabin construction檐柱eave column金柱hypostyle column內(nèi)槽柱hypostyle column唐代術(shù)語(yǔ)內(nèi)柱hypostyle column宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)山柱center column角柱corner column唐、宋術(shù)語(yǔ)瓜柱short column脊瓜柱king post蜀柱king post宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)雷公柱suspended column帳桿suspended column宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)側(cè)腳cejiao宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)卷殺entasis梭柱shuttle-

4、shaped column宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)角背bracket由戧inverted V-shaped brace叉手chashou, inverted V-shaped brace宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)柁墩wooden pier駝峰tuofeng, camel-hump shaped suport宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)梁beam袱beam宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)月梁crescent beam三架梁3-purlin beam平梁3-purlin beam宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)四架梁4-purlin beam五架梁5-purlin beam四椽袱5-purlin beam宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)六架梁6-purlin beam七架梁7-purlin beam六椽袱7-purlin

5、 beam宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)九架梁9-purlin beam八椽袱9-purlin beam宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)單步梁one-step cross beam雙步梁two-step cross beam挑尖梁main aisle exposed tiebeam乳袱rufu, beam tie宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)抱頭梁baotou beam穿插枋penetrating tie角梁hip rafer（木行）purlin (used with dougong)大式檁purlin (used without dougong)小式摶purlin宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)脊（木行）ridged purlin大式脊檁ridged purlin小式脊摶ridge

6、d purlin宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)金（木行）intermediate purlin大式金檁intermediate purlin小式上中平摶intermediate purlin宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)老檐（木行）purlin on hypostyle大、小式，宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)正心（木行）eave purlin大式檐檁eave purlin小式下平摶eave purlin宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)額枋architrave(used with dougong)大式檐枋architrave(used with dougong)小式闌額architrave宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)由額墊板cushion board大式檐墊板cushion board小式枋tiebea

7、m脊枋ridge tiebeam上金枋upper purlin tiebeam下金枋lower purlin tiebeam老檐枋eave tiebeam大式，指檐口構(gòu)造檐枋eave tiebeam小式，指檐口構(gòu)造頂椽top rafter腦椽upper rafter花架椽intermediate rafter檐椽eave rafter飛檐椽flying rafter飛子flying rafter宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)連檐eave edging瓦口tile edging頷版tile edging宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)舉架raising the purlin舉析raising the purlin宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)步架horizont

8、al spacing between purlins材cai栔qi分fen斗口doukou,mortise of cap block斗拱dougong,bracket set斗dou, bracket set升block with cross mortise大斗cap block櫨斗cap block宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)拱gong,bracketarm翹flower arm, petal華拱flower arm宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)昂ang,lever槽升子center block齊心斗center block宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)三才升small block十八斗connection block交互斗connection bloc

9、k宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)正心拱axial bracket arm泥道拱axial bracket arm宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)瓜拱oval arm瓜子拱oval arm宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)萬(wàn)拱l(fā)ong arm慢拱l(fā)ong arm宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)廂拱regular arm令拱regular arm宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)單材拱outer-side bracket arm撐頭small tie-beam枋small tie-beam宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)耍頭nose攢set of bracket柱頭科bracket set on columns柱頭鋪?zhàn)鱞racket set on columns宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)平身科bracket sets between columns補(bǔ)間鋪?zhàn)鱞

10、racket sets between columns宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)角科bracket set on corner轉(zhuǎn)角鋪?zhàn)鱞racket set on corner宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)出extension of bracket出跳extension of bracket宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)cai跳tiao宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)雀替sparrow brace搏縫板gable eave board搏縫版gable eave board宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)木裝修joiner's work外檐裝修exterior finish work內(nèi)檐裝修interior finish work框檻door frame檻stud抱框jamb on do

11、or or window格柵partition door抹頭window stool欞子grill裙板panel檻窗sill wall window榻板window sill支摘窗removable window門(mén)枕door bearing門(mén)簪decorative cylinder門(mén)跋door knocker門(mén)釘decorative nails on door leaf門(mén)枕石bearing stone抱鼓石drum-shaped bearing stone天花ceiling帽兒梁lattice framing支條lattice framing井口天花compartment ceiling海墁天

12、花flat ceiling藻井caisson ceiling罩shelf龕niche博古架antique shelf瓦石作masonry檐墻eave wall廊墻partition wall扇面墻horizontal partition wall隔斷墻vertical partition wall檻墻sill wall樨頭gable wall head挑檐石cantilever stone on eave五花山墻stepped gable wall拔磉corbel, hanging over疊澀corbel, hanging over宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)角柱石corner pier階條石rectangul

13、ar stone slab壓闌石rectangular stone slab宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)臺(tái)階steps踏道steps宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)踏垛step踏step宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)斗板石intermediate pier垂帶drooping belt stone副子drooping belt stone宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)象眼triangular space御路yulu, imperial path羌差ramp須彌座xumizuo圭角guijiao上枋upper fillet and fascia下枋lower fillet and fascia上裊upper cyma, recta下裊lower cyma, reversa束腰suy

14、ao鉤欄balustrade宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)單鉤欄single frieze balustrade宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)垂臺(tái)鉤欄double frieze balustrade望柱baluster望柱頭baluster capital欄版frieze panel華版frieze panel地伏plinth stone尋杖handrail宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)柱頂石capital stone柱礎(chǔ)column base躓zhi碑碣stone tablet赑屃bixi, stone turtle宋及宋前術(shù)語(yǔ)趺fu, stone turtle清代術(shù)語(yǔ)石像生stone animal石人stone human statue筒瓦round t

15、ile板瓦flat tile青瓦black tile脊瓦ridge tile琉璃瓦glazed roof tile勾頭eave tile滴水drip tile瓦當(dāng)tile end, eave tile with pattern正吻zhengwen鴟尾chiwei宋及宋前術(shù)語(yǔ)正脊main ridge垂脊diagonal ridge for hip roof, vertical ridge for gable roof戧脊diagonal ridge for gable and hip roof博脊horizontal ridge for gable and hip roof仙人celestial

16、 being走獸animal磚雕brick carving彩畫(huà)colored pattern, colored drawing蘇式彩畫(huà)Suzhou style pattern旋子彩畫(huà)tangent circle pattern和璽彩畫(huà)dragons pattern天花彩畫(huà)ceiling pattern箍頭end portion of painted beam藻頭intermediate portion of painted beam枋心central portion of painted beam點(diǎn)金gold pointing退暈color change瀝粉embossed painting貼

17、金gold foil painting建史名詞中英文對(duì)照：外國(guó)古代建筑及構(gòu)造金字塔pyramid方尖碑obelisk牌門(mén)樓pylon蓮花式柱lotus column紙草花式柱papyrus column棕櫚葉式柱palm column塔廟ziggurat列柱圍廊式peristyle山花pediment多立克柱式Doric order伊奧尼亞柱式Ionic order曾用名“愛(ài)奧尼亞柱式” 。科林斯柱式Corinthian order檐口cornice檐部entablature檐壁frieze額枋architrave柱頭capital柱身column shaft槽溝flute圓底線腳torus柱

18、基plinth臺(tái)基stylobate輸水道aqueduct萬(wàn)神廟pantheon凱旋門(mén)triumphal arch角斗場(chǎng)colosseum廣場(chǎng)forum托斯卡柱式Tuscan order門(mén)廊potch,portico小穹頂cupola平嵌線reglet主穹頂main dome半穹頂semi dome帆拱pendentive會(huì)堂basilica中廳central nave側(cè)廊aisle半圓形壁龕apse袖廊transept柱廊colonnade神壇altar拱廊atcade壁上拱廊blind arcade塔樓turret玫瑰窗rose window扶壁buttress尖頂pinnacle滴水獸g

19、argoyle頂端飾finial花色窗欞tracery四葉飾quatrefoil五葉飾cinquefoil府邸mansion,palazzo鼓座drum采光塔lantern小側(cè)窗bulleye window渦卷裝飾cartouche宣禮塔minaret圣龕mihrab,prayer niche講壇mimbar,pulpit拱式vault type筒拱barrel vault棱拱groin vault肋骨拱rib bed vault星形拱stellar vault網(wǎng)狀拱reticulated vault扇形拱fan vault倒槽式拱trough vault鐘乳拱stalactite vault

20、券式arch type半圓券semicircular arch尖券pointed arch弧形券segmental arch蔥花券ogee arch馬蹄券horseshoe arch交角券squinch穹式dome type半球形穹頂semespherical dome蔥花穹頂ogee dome方穹頂square dome阿拉伯花飾arabeque阿拉伯式柱頭Arabian capital建史名詞中英文對(duì)照：園林史中國(guó)古典園林classical Chinese garden中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)園林traditional Chinese garden中國(guó)古代園林ancient Chinese garden中

21、國(guó)山水園Chinese mountain and water garden帝王宮苑imperial palace garden皇家園林royal garden私家園林private garden江南園林garden on the Yangtze Delta西方古典園林western classical garden英國(guó)式園林English style garden中英混合式園林Anglo-Chinese style garden意大利式園林Italian style garden西班牙式園林Spainish style garden法蘭西式園林French style garden勒諾特爾式園

22、林Le Notre's style garden文藝復(fù)興莊園Renaissance style garden洛可可式園林Rococo style garden巴洛克式園林Baroque style garden莊園manor,villa garden廊柱園peristyle garden,patio綠廊xystus迷陣maze,labyrinth靈囿Ling You Hunting Garden周代術(shù)語(yǔ)靈沼Ling Zhao Water Garden周代術(shù)語(yǔ)靈臺(tái)Ling Tai Platform Garden周代術(shù)語(yǔ)阿房宮E-Pang Palace秦代術(shù)語(yǔ)上林苑Shang-Li

23、n Yuan漢代術(shù)語(yǔ)未央宮Wei-Yang Palace漢代術(shù)語(yǔ)洛陽(yáng)宮Luoyang Palace魏代術(shù)語(yǔ)華清宮Hua-Qing Palace唐代術(shù)語(yǔ)艮岳Gen Yue Imperial Garden宋代術(shù)語(yǔ)圓明園Yuan-Ming Yuan Imperial Garden頤和園Yi-HE Yuan Imperial Garden承德避暑山莊Chengde Imperial Summer Resort蘇州園林Suzhou traditional garden懸園Hanging Garden又稱(chēng)“懸空?qǐng)@” ，“架高園”。英國(guó)皇家植物園Royal Botanical Garden, Kew gar

24、den又稱(chēng)“邱園”。凡爾賽宮苑Versailles Palace Park楓丹白露宮園Fontainebleau Palace Garden景view,scenery,feature遠(yuǎn)景distant view近景nearby view障景obstructive scenery, blocking view又稱(chēng)“抑景”。借景borrowed scenery,view borrowing對(duì)景oppositive scenery,view in opposite place縮景miniature scenery, abbreviated scenery漏景l(fā)eaking through scenery框景enframed scenery尾景terminal feature主景main feature副景secondary feature配景objective view夾景vista line,vista又稱(chēng)“風(fēng)景線”前景front view背景background景序order of sceneries景點(diǎn)fe