第六章英漢轉(zhuǎn)換譯法(英文)第一節(jié)正面表達(dá)和反面表達(dá)的轉(zhuǎn)換

1、第六章 英漢轉(zhuǎn)換譯法第一節(jié) 正面表達(dá)和反面表達(dá)的轉(zhuǎn)換這里所謂的正面表達(dá)和反面表達(dá)是指在英語中是否用no, not或者帶有de-, dis-, im-, in-, un-, less-等前、后綴的詞，在漢語中是否用“無，非，不，沒，未，否”等表示否定意義的字，如果有就是反面表達(dá)，反之就是正面表達(dá)。如：兩個(gè)人談話，其中一個(gè)說：“I am not kidding.”這反面表達(dá)。（我不是在開玩笑。）譯成漢語從正面表達(dá)： 另一個(gè)說：“I meant it, too.”為正面表達(dá)。（我也是認(rèn)真的。）譯成漢語可以從反面表達(dá)： 正面表達(dá)與反面表達(dá)只是表達(dá)方式的不同，它們所傳達(dá)的意思是相同的。因此，在通常情況下

2、，正反表達(dá)法的互變只是一種權(quán)宜的變通手段。例如：incomplete infrequent illiterate untouchable exactly fail miss dumb-bell 但在某些情況下，這種變通則是一種必需。一、英語含蓄否定句漢譯時(shí)從反面表達(dá)All music is alike to me.（一）動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語引起的含蓄否定句1. I hate to get personal, but youre much older than Byron.2. I hate to say good-bye.3. Then, the source of energy will ceas

3、e to be a reason for war.4. My father will kill me when he finds out.5. The specification lacks detail.6. We must keep the proletarian state from ever changing colors.（二）介詞或連詞引起的含蓄否定句1. That lazy boy went to class before he had prepared his lesson.2. Mr. Smith was above reproach.3. Her beauty is bey

4、ond compare.4. Instead of Mr. Black, Mr. White delivered a speech at the meeting.當(dāng)but, except, except for, barring, besides等詞義相當(dāng)于leaving out時(shí)，均宜譯成反說式，以免引起詞義含混。（三）名詞引起的含蓄否定句1. A few instruments are in a state of neglect.2. We cannot finish the work in the absence of these conditions.3. She was at a l

5、oss what to do.（四）形容詞及其短語引起的含蓄否定句1. I am far from considering it perfect.2. The newspaper accounts are far from being true.3. We must be free from arrogance and rashness and learn from people.4. He is the last man I want to see.5. Present supplies of food are short of requirements.（五）too，but引起的含蓄否定句

6、too, but在一定的上下文中具有否定的含義，因此，含有這兩個(gè)詞的英語句子往往要譯為漢語的否定句。1. But for your efficiency, our timely communication should have been impossible.2. He is too much of a coward to shoot.3. His mother is anything but angry.4. Ill do anything but that.5. I would go with you but that I am so busy.6. He is anywhere to

7、be found but in his office.（六）有些肯定的比較句含有否定的意義，可譯為漢語的否定句1. You ought to know better than to do that sort of thing.2. Your temper is more than I can bear.3. There is more in it than you imagine.4. The hero would rather die than surrender.5. I, rather than you, should do the work.6. Ill buy it!二、某些英語否定

8、結(jié)構(gòu)譯時(shí)從正面表達(dá)有些英語句子雖然是從反面表達(dá)的，但它們的意義卻是肯定的，翻譯時(shí)根據(jù)漢語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣從正面表達(dá)。（一）形容詞1. I will never be so ungrateful as even to think he has done an act of injustice by me.2. “It is well you wish this behind her back, else you would have but an unquiet house.” said Nerissa.（二）名詞1. To say the truth, there is but on work in

9、 His whole creation that doth Him any dishonor, and with that I have long since avoided holding any conversations.2. Mr. Square happened to be at church on the Sunday, when, the appearance of Molly in her sack had caused al that disturbance.3. He manifested a strong dislike for his fathers business.

10、（三）動(dòng)詞1. He had not the least difficulty in discovering the true cause of his present behavior.2. Some well-chosen present from the philosopher so softened and unguarded the girls heart.3. As the door was fastened, which gave her an opportunity of conveying her lover behind that rug or blanket where

11、he now was unhappily discovered.（四）副詞1. On the contrary, had she been confined to the choice of one only, Tom Jones would undoubtedly have been of the two victorious persons.2. Our other grandson looks unbelievable like Byron as an infant.3. He stood for a while motionless, and seemed equally at a l

12、oss what to say or whither to direct his eyes.4. Byron walked uncertainly to the cry girl.（五）短語英語中有些短語形式上是否定的，但表達(dá)的內(nèi)容卻是肯定的。如：notuntil, neverwithout, no one but等，含有這些短語的句子，譯成漢語時(shí)大多從正面表達(dá)：1. They gave me the wrong book, and I didnt notice it until I got back to my room.2. Dont drive back till these basta

13、rds quit, or you may get strafed.3. No one but a great philosopher could solve such a question.4. “How are you?” “I couldnt feel better.”5. The reader may suppose Mrs. Miller received this account with great thankfulness and no less pleasure.（六）句子1. There is no rule but has exceptions.2. I never go

14、past that school but think of my first teacher.3. You cant be too careful.4. Im not a little afraid of snakes.三、雙重否定結(jié)構(gòu)的譯法（一）譯為雙重否定句 使用雙重否定句的目的是起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用，或使語氣委婉。翻譯時(shí)如果保留原文的“否定之否定”形式并不影響中文的流暢，則保留為好。這樣可以突出原文的強(qiáng)調(diào)作用或委婉語氣。1. I cannot let your statement pass unquestioned.2. There can never be a force acting in n

15、ature unless two bodies are involved.3. He was not unequal to the duty.4. I could not translate certain passages without challenging them.5. She never willingly suffered any one to depart from her house without inquiring as much as possible into their names, families and fortunes.6. Now no spaceship cannot be loaded with man.（二）譯為肯定句如果保留原文的雙重否定形式不能得到流暢的譯文，則譯為漢語的肯定句。1. Nowadays it is not seldom that a man lives t